Maths Flashcards

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1
Q

To calculate rate of reaction from a graph, if the graph is a straight line

A

rate = change in y-axis /
change in x-axis

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2
Q

To calculate rate of reaction from a graph if the graph is a curve

A
  • Draw a tangent to the curve at point where you are being asked to calculate the rate
  • Rate = change in y-axis (of the tangent) /
    change in x-axis
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3
Q

Equation of a straight line graph (linear relationship)

A

y = mx + c
- m = gradient, c = y-intercept

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4
Q

To calculate percentage difference:

A

% difference = final value - initial value
initial value

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5
Q

Why are percentages (or percentage increase/decrease) often used instead of absolute numbers?

A
  • Valid comparisons can be made
  • From groups/control of different sizes
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6
Q

Define uncertainty

A

The amount of error your measurements might contain

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7
Q

To calculate the absolute uncertainty of a piece of apparatus

A

± smallest reading on the apparatus / 2
- e.g. a thermometer gives readings to the nearest 1°C
- The real temperature could be up to 0.5°C smaller or larger
- Uncertainty value of ± 0.5°C

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8
Q

To calculate the percentage uncertainty

A

Percentage error = (uncertainty value / your measurement) x 100
- e.g. a reading of 45°C was taken from a thermometer with 1°C increments
- % uncertainty = (0.5 ÷ 45) x 100 = 1.1%

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9
Q

Circumference of a circle

A

2 π r

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10
Q

Area of a circle

A

π x r2

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11
Q

Volume of a cylinder

A

π x r2 x h

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12
Q

To determine an ‘appropriate’ number of significant figures:

A

Use the same number of significant figures as the least accurate measurement

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13
Q

Am I looking at frequencies, and whether my observations differ from expected values?

For example – count the number of red, purple and white flowers that come from a genetic cross of two purple flowers where I expect a ratio of 1:2:1

A

Test – chi squared test

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14
Q

Am I looking at the relationship between two variables?

For example – ice-cream consumption and blood sugar levels, to see if people who eat a lot of ice-cream have higher blood sugar.

A

Test – Spearman’s rank correlation

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15
Q

Am I looking at the whether there is a difference in the means between two separate/independent groups?

A

Test – Student’s t-test/ unpaired t-test

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16
Q

Am I looking at whether there is a difference in the mean between the same group before and after a change?

A

Test – Paired t-test

17
Q

New concentration in serial dilution =

A

previous concentration x (volume from previous solution / total volume of new solution)

18
Q

What is Q10?

A

Temperature coefficient - measure of how much the reaction rate increases with 10oC increase

19
Q

Q10 equation

A

Q10 = rate of reaction after 10oC increase / rate of reaction of original temperature

20
Q

What is RQ?

A

RQ = CO2 produced / O2 consumed