Mathematics Y08 2023/24 Flashcards
1 Degree
Unit of angle measurement. Symbol is °
1.1 Acute
Refers to an angle less than 90°
1.2 Right Angle
An angle of 90°
1.3 Obtuse
An angle more than 90° but less than 180°
1.4 Straight Line
An angle of 180°
1.5 Reflex
An angle greater than 180° and less than 360°
1.6 Angles around a point
Add up to 360°
1.7 Vertically opposite
Angles opposite each other when two lines cross – they are equal in size.
1.8 Parallel Lines
Two straight lines that never meet and stay the same distance away from each other throughout their entire length
1.9 Alternate
A pair of angles on the inner side of each of the parallel line and the transversal, but on opposite sides of the transversal are equal
2 Corresponding
The angles in matching corners made when the transversal crosses the two parallel lines corresponding angles are equal size
2.1 Co-Interior
Angles that lie between the two parallel lines on the same side of the transversal. The two angles sum to 180°
2.2 Polygon
A 2D shape having more than three straight sides
2.3 Regular Polygon
A polygon with all equal side lengths and all equal size interior and exterior angles
2.8 Equilateral triangle
Has 3 sides
2.9 Square
Has 4 sides
3 Pentagon
Has 5 sides
3.1 Hexagon
Has 6 sides
3.2 Heptagon
Has 7 sides
3.3 Octagon
Has 8 sides
3.4 Nonagon
Has 9 sides
3.5 Decagon
Has 10 sides
3.6 Variable
Asymbol for a number we don’t know yet. It is usually a letter like x or y
3.7 Constant
A number on its own is called aconstant
3.8 Coefficient
A number used to multiply a variable (4xmeans4timesx, so4is a coefficient)
3.9 Term
One part of an algebraic expression which may be a constant, a variable or a product of both
4 Expression
A mathematical statement containing a minimum of two terms and at least oneoperation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)
4.1 Identity
A relationship that is true for ALL values
4.2 Equation
A mathematical statement containing an equals sign, to show that two expressions are equal
4.3 Formulae
A rule or fact written with mathematical symbols. It usually has two or more variables and an equals sign
4.4 Simplify
To simplify an expression: to remove brackets, collect like terms and leave an expression in its simplest form
4.5 Expand
To multiply each term in the bracket by the term or expression outside the bracket e.g. 2(3x-5)=6x-10
4.6 Substitution
The replacement of numbers for letters
4.7 Solve
Means find the value of the unknown variable
4.8 Perimeter
The distance around the outside of a 2D shape.
4.9 Area
The space occupied by a flat 2D shape, measured in unit squares..
5 Area of a rectangle
Area = w×h
5.1 Area of a triangle
Area=(b×h)/2 Where b is the base and h is the perpendicular height
5.2 Area of a parallelogram
Area=b×h Where b is the base and h is the perpendicular height
5.3 Area of a trapezium
Area=((a+b))/2×h Where a and b are the parallel sides and h is the perpendicular height
5.4 Rounding
To express to a required degree of accuracy
5.5 Estimation
Round each number in your calculation to one significant figure and calculate
5.6 Decimal Place
A specific number of digits to the right of the decimal place
5.7 First Significant Figure
The digit in the highest place value that is not zero e.g. in 234.9 the first significant figure is 2.
5.8 Upper Bound
Numbers less than this value would round down to the estimated value
5.9 Lower Bound
Smallest value that would round up to the estimated value
6 Numerator
The top number of a fraction
6.1 Denominator
The bottom number of a fraction
6.2 Mixed Number
A whole number and a proper fraction expressed together e.g. 2 3/4
6.3 Improper Fraction
A fraction where the numerator is greater than the denominator e.g. 7/3
6.4 Equivalent Fractions
Have the same value, even though they may look different e.g. 1/2=
6.5 Common Denominator
The denominator of two or more fractions being the same
6.6 Reciprocal
The reciprocal of a number is: 1 divided by the number e.g. the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3
6.7 Adding or subtracting Fractions
Use equivalent fractions to have common denominators. Add or subtract the numerators
6.9 Multiplying Fractions
Multiply the numerators, then multiply the denominators.
7 Dividing Fractions
Multiply by the reciprocal
7.1 0.1
= 0.1 = 1/10
7.2 0.25
= 0.25 = 1 / 4
7.3 0.5
= 0.5 = 1 / 2
7.4 0.75
= 0.75 = 3 / 4
7.5 1
1
7.6 0.125
= 0.125 = 1 / 8
7.7 Integer
A whole numberwith no fractional part (no decimals)
7.8 Inequality
Compares two values, showing if one is less than, greater than, or simply not equal to another value
7.9 x < 10 or 10 > x
x is less than 10
8 x> 10 or 10< x
x is greater than 10
8.1 x≤ 10 or 10 ≥ x
x is less than or equal to 10
8.2 x≤ 10 or 10 ≥ x
x is greater than or equal to 10
8.3 Representing inequalities on a number line
A line to show the region of numbers that satisfy an inequality. Clear dots mean just < or >, shaded in dots mean the value can also be equal so ≥ or ≤
