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Elem Edu Math K-6 > Mathematics > Flashcards

Mathematics Flashcards

1
Q

Reducing Fractions

A

dividing the numerator and denominator by any common factors to put the fraction in lowest terms
2/4 = 1/2, 3/9 = 1/3

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2
Q

Prime Factorization

A

the process of writing a number in terms of its prime factors
12 = 2x2x3

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3
Q

Common Denominator

A

when 2 fractions share the same total parts of whatever item or items are being represented
1/3 and 2/3

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4
Q

Proportion

A

A statement that two ratios are equivalent.

2/3 = 4/6

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5
Q

Multiplicative Identity

A

a number that, when multiplied by x, yields x. one or forms of one such as x/x
6x1 = 6

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6
Q

Prime Numbers

A

natural numbers greater than 1 that have no numbers that will divide into them without a remainder
2, 3, 5, 7….

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7
Q

Benchmark Fraction

A

an easily remembered fraction that can be used to make problems simpler
1/10, 1/4, 1/2, etc.

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8
Q

Ratio

A

A comparison that shows the relative size of two or more values.
The ratio of boys to girls is: 4 to 5; 4:5; 4/5; 0.8.

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9
Q

Composite numbers

A

natural numbers that have numbers that divide into them

4,6,8,9 …

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10
Q

Exponential Form

A

Using base-10 numbers with exponents in expanded form or writing the prime factorization of a number using exponents
5,232 = 2x2x2x2x3x109 = 2^4x3x109

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11
Q

Expanded Form

A

break apart each digit in the number and show the digits true value
4,358 = 4000 + 300 + 50 + 8

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12
Q

Scientific Notation

A

Numbers expressed as the product of a base-10 number and a number between 1 and 10
2.56 x 10 = 25.6 4.32 x 10^-4 = 0.000432

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13
Q

Absolute Value

A

The distance a number is from zero; always a positive number

Absolute Value of 5 and -5 is 5

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14
Q

Factor Tree

A

A visual process to find the factors of a number

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15
Q

Base 10 Number system

A

each place location for a number has a value that is a power of 10
10, 100, 1000, 10000

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16
Q

Improper Fraction

A

A fraction where the numerator is larger than the denominator
3/2 7/4

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17
Q

Real Numbers

A

numbers that have a specific value

π, -2, 3, 4, 1/2

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18
Q

Mixed Number

A

A whole number with a fraction

3 1/2 4 2/5

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19
Q

Magnitude

A

The size of a number

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20
Q

Prime Factor

A

a prime number or term that can be multiplied by another to get a number.
2 x 6 = 12, 2 is a prime factor

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21
Q

Greatest common factor (GCF) / Greatest Common Divisor

A

the largest number that will divide evenly into two or more numbers
For 12 and 15, GCF = 3

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22
Q

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

A

the smallest number two or more numbers will divide into evenly
For 12 and 15, LCM = 60

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23
Q

Irrational Numbers

A

real numbers that CANNOT be represented exactly as a ratio of two integers. pi (π)

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24
Q

Relatively Prime

A

two numbers are relatively prime if they share no common factors 34 and 15

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25
Q

Unit Fraction

A

1 over any rational number. The inverse of a whole number. 1/2, 1/3, 1/19

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26
Q

Factors

A

Values that are multiplied to get another number. Some factors of 12 are 3 and 4 because 3 x 4 = 12

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27
Q

Decimal Fractions

A

fractions with a denominator of 10 1/10 = 0.1

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28
Q

Number Line

A

a straight line where each number is equal distance from the next one

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29
Q

Denominator

A

the bottom term of a fraction in 1/10 the denominator is 10

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30
Q

Numerator

A

the top term of a fraction In 1/10 the numerator is 1

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31
Q

Fractions

A

represent partial numbers 1/2 = one half of one unit = 50%

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32
Q

Percentages

A

A way to represent part-to-whole relationships, where the percent is the part out of 100. 35% = 35/100 = 0.35

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33
Q

Concrete Representations

A

Creative writing written in verse and often including rhymes or heavy use of figurative language
Manipulatives

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34
Q

Abstract Thinking

A

Using numbers or letter variables in an equation

13x = y

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35
Q

Proportional Manipulatives

A

objects that are proportional to each other with respect to shape and size
Tangrams

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36
Q

Symbolic Stage / Representational Stage

A

Drawing pictures or symbols to represent numbers in an equation Squares

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37
Q

Estimating

A

rounding numbers or approximating them to quickly perform math operations
23 + 39 -> 20 + 40 so the answer is about 60

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38
Q

Non-proportional Manipulatives

A

objects that are not proportional to each other with respect to shape and size. Often all of the items are the same size.
coins

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39
Q

Manipulatives

A

Objects used to represent numbers in an equation

Blocks, Coins

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40
Q

Word Wall

A

An on-going bulletin board with common terms used frequently in the classroom. Vocabulary words are added as they are introduced

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41
Q

Division Property of Equality

A

If the quantities on each side of an equal sign are both divided by the same amount, the resulting statement will still be equal. If a = b and c ≠ 0, then a ÷ c = b ÷ c

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42
Q

Combine Like Terms

A

A method of simplifying an algebraic expression by adding or subtracting the coefficients of like terms. 2x + 4x = 6x

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43
Q

Subtraction Property of Equality

A

If the quantities on each side of an equal sign have the same amount subtracted from them, the resulting statement will still be equal. If a = b, then a – c = b – c

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44
Q

Multiplication Property of Equality

A

If the quantities on each side of an equal sign are both multiplied by the same amount, the resulting statement will still be equal. If a = b, then ac = bc

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45
Q

Order of Operations (PEMDAS)

A

A set order in which multi-step equations must be solved: Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication and Division (L to R), Addition and Subtraction (L to R)

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46
Q

Like Terms

A

Terms with the same variable and exponent combination. 2x and 5x

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47
Q

Addition Property of Equality

A

If the quantities on each side of an equal sign have the same amount added to them, the resulting statement will still be equal. If a = b, then a + c = b + c

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48
Q

Distributive Property

A

An number in front of a group of terms will multiply all terms in the grouping individually a(b+c) = ab + ac

49
Q

Linear Expression

A

An expression that does not contain any exponents 2x + 3

50
Q

Algebra

A

The branch of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent unknown values.

51
Q

Perpendicular Lines

A

Lines that intersect at a right (90º) angle. They have slopes that are opposite reciprocals, meaning their signs (positive or negative) are opposite and their fractions are flipped. y=2/5x+3 and y=-5/2x-4

52
Q

Expression

A

Numbers, symbols, and operators grouped together to show the value of something.
3x - 4y + 6 is an expression. Note that it differs from an equation because there is no equal sign and therefore cannot be solved, only simplified.

53
Q

Parallel Lines

A

lines that are coplanar and never intersect because they are changing at the same rate (same slope) y=2x+4 and y=2x-5

54
Q

Coefficient

A

A number that multiplies a variable.

In the expression 3x+1, 3 is the coefficient of x.

55
Q

Equation

A

A statement that 2 expressions are equal.
2x + 4 = 6 is an example of an equation. Note that it differs from an expression because it has an equal sign and therefore can be solved.

56
Q

Inequality

A

A statement that 2 expressions are not equal.

2x + 3 > 6

57
Q

Variable

A

A letter or non-numeric symbol that represents an unknown value.
In the expression 2x+4y-5, there are 2 variables: x and y.

58
Q

Constant

A

A number without a variable. It is called a constant because its value does not change (it stays constant). In the expression 2x+4y-5, there is one constant: -5.

59
Q

Term

A

Each part of an expression that is separated by a + or - sign.
In the expression 2x+4y-5, there are 3 terms: 2x, 4y, and -5.

60
Q

System of Equations

A

A set of two or more equations or inequalities with the same set of variables, or unknowns.
2x + 4y = 10 5x - 6y = 12

61
Q

International System of Units (SI) / The Metric SystemInternational System of Units (SI) / The Metric SystemInternational System of Units (SI) / The Metric SystemInternational System of Units (SI) / The Metric SystemInternational System of Units (SI) / The Metric System

A

a system of measurement used throughout the world meters, liters, grams

62
Q

Grams (g)

A

the base metric unit of masS

63
Q

Liters (l)

A

the base metric unit of volume

64
Q

Meter (m)

A

the unit for distance in the metric system

The pool was 6 m deep.

65
Q

English system / Imperial system

A

a system of measurement used in the United States using units such as feet, pounds and ounces

66
Q

Unit analysis

A

the process of converting within or between systems by multiplying by factors of 1 in various forms

67
Q

Dimensional analysis

A

the process of converting within or between systems by multiplying by factors of 1 in various forms

68
Q

Proportion

A

A statement that two ratios are equivalent.

2/3 = 4/6

69
Q

Positive Skew / Skewed Right

A

distribution with a tail that pulls to the right, towards the larger numbers. reflects a bunching of data at the lower end of the distribution.

70
Q

Negative Skew / Skewed Left

A

distribution of data with a tail that pulls to the left, toward the smaller numbers. reflects a bunching of data at the upper end of the distribution.

71
Q

Normal Distribution

A

graph with a bell-shaped curve, where the graph is symmetric and has no skew.

72
Q

Range (stats)

A

The difference between the highest data value and the lowest data value.

73
Q

Standard Deviation

A

An average of how far each data point is away from the mean. A higher standard deviation indicates higher variability in the data (the data are more spread out). The Greek symbol sigma (σ) is used to represent standard deviation.

74
Q

Mean

A

The mean is found by adding all of the numbers in a data set and dividing that sum by the number of numbers in the data set. The mean is commonly known as the average and the Greek symbol is often used to represent the mean.

75
Q

Range (stats)

A

The difference between the highest data value and the lowest data value.

76
Q

Mode

A

The mode is the most frequent number in a data set. Some sets of data have no mode (if all data values appear in the set the same number of times). Some sets of data have more than one mode (if multiple pieces of data in a set appear the same number of times and appear more than any other data values).

77
Q

Median

A

The median is found by first putting all the numbers in order from least to greatest. The median is either the middle number of a set that has an odd quantity of values, or, when there is an even number of values, the median is found by calculating the mean of the middle two numbers.

78
Q

Dot Plot

A

a graph that uses dots to show the frequency counts of a group of data. Dot plots are used for small sets of quantitative data. You can easily identify the mode, the shape or skew of the graph, and potential outliers on a dot plot.

79
Q

Bar Graph

A

a visual representation of data which compares values in different categories

80
Q

Categorical Data

A

data recorded as categories/groups

81
Q

Line Graph

A

a visual representation of data which shows change over time or in response to a manipulated variable

82
Q

Histogram

A

a visual representation of data, similar to a bar graph, which compares frequencies of different occurrences

83
Q

Pie Chart

A

a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole. Pie charts are helpful when displaying the relative distribution of categories.

84
Q

Quantitative Data

A

data which is measured and usually expressed numerically

-distance, time, temperature

85
Q

Box-And-Whisker Plot / Boxplot

A

A boxplot splits the data set into quartiles, where the middle 50% of the data forms the box and the lower 25% and upper 25% form the whiskers. Boxplots are used with larger sets of data. You can easily identify the median, the shape or skewness of the graph, and the range on a boxplot.

86
Q

Stem-And-Leaf Plot / Stemplot

A

plot where each data value is split into a “leaf” (usually the last digit) and a “stem” (the other digits). Stemplots are used for smaller sets of quantitative data. You can easily identify outliers, data clusters, or gaps on a stemplot.

87
Q

Slant height

A

the distance from the apex (top) to an edge of the base

88
Q

Face

A

the sides of the shape

89
Q

Circle

A

The set of all points equidistant (the same distance) from a given point (the center). Circles have no sides nor interior angles.

90
Q

Equilateral Polygon

A

polygon with all sides congruent (equal length)

91
Q

Triangle

A

polygon with three vertices and three sides

92
Q

Equilateral Triangle / Equiangular Triangle

A

A regular polygon of three sides; triangle with all sides congruent to each other and all angles congruent to each other.

93
Q

Trapezoid

A

Quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and one pair of non-parallel sides

94
Q

Square

A

Rectangle with four congruent sides (four sides of the same measure)

95
Q

Irregular Polygon

A

polygon with sides and angle measures that are not the same

96
Q

Rhombus

A

Parallelogram with all sides of congruent length.

97
Q

Concave Polygon

A

polygon that has at least one interior angle that is more than 180⁰; at least one vertex seems to point inward; diagonals pass outside of the polygon

98
Q

Scalene Triangle

A

Triangle with no sides or angles congruent to each other. All three sides are of different lengths.

99
Q

Equiangular Polygon

A

polygon with all angles congruent (equal measure)

100
Q

Pyramid

A

a shape in three dimensions that has a polygon for a base and triangular faces that meet at a point (the apex) Triangular pyramid

101
Q

Regular Polygon

A

polygon with all sides congruent to each other and all angle measures congruent to each other

102
Q

Convex Polygon

A

polygon for which all interior angles are less than 180⁰; vertices seem to point outward; all diagonals will be contained within the polygon

103
Q

Parallelogram

A

Quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel to each other

104
Q

Area

A

the amount of surface inside of a figure

105
Q

Isosceles Triangle

A

Triangle with (at least) two sides congruent to each other and their two base angles congruent to each

106
Q

Edge

A

where these faces meet

107
Q

Right Triangle

A

triangle with one right angle measuring exactly 90⁰

108
Q

Polygon

A

multi-sided, closed figure made up of vertices (corners) and sides (segments connecting consecutive corners)

109
Q

Rectangle

A

Parallelogram with four right (90°) angles. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. Sides do NOT need to be congruent, but can be.

110
Q

Perimeter

A

the distance around the outside of a figure

111
Q

Quadrilateral

A

polygon with four vertices and four sides Parallelogram

112
Q

Acute Triangle

A

Triangle with each angle being an acute angle; each angle measuring less than 90⁰

113
Q

Obtuse Triangle

A

Triangle with one obtuse angle; one angle measuring more than 90⁰

114
Q

Right Prism

A

a prism that has the two bases aligned with each other vertically, creating sides that are perpendicular to the bases (meet the bases at right angles), creating rectangular faces

115
Q

Prism

A

a three-dimensional figure with quadrilateral faces with two Square prism

116
Q

Oblique Prism

A

a prism with bases that are not exactly above/below each other, creating faces that are parallelograms (without right angles)

117
Q

Sphere

A

set of points in 3-dimensional space that are all the same distance from a given point (the center) Ball

118
Q

Vertices

A

the corners of the shape

Elem Edu Math K-6 (1 decks)

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