Math Terms

Question 1

Whole numbers

Answer 1

1. The set of counting numbers, including zero

Ex. 0, 1, 2, 3

Question 2

Natural numbers

Answer 2

1. The set of whole positive numbers except zero

Ex. 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 3

Integers

Answer 3

1. The set of all positive and negative whole numbers, including zero, not including fractions and decimals. Integers in a sequence, such as those in the example to the right, are called consecutive integers.
   Ex. –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3

Question 4

Rational Numbers

Answer 4

1. The set of all numbers that can be expressed as integers in fractions—that is, any number that can be expressed in the form , where m and n are integers
   Ex. 9/10, 7/8, 1/2

Question 5

Irrational Numbers

Answer 5

1. The set of all numbers that cannot be expressed as integers in a fraction

Ex. π, , 1.010100001000110000

Question 6

Real Numbers

Answer 6

1. Every number on the number line, including all rational and irrational numbers Every number you can think of

Question 7

Even Number

Answer 7

1. An even number is an integer that is divisible by 2 with no remainder, including zero.
   Ex. –10, –4, 0, 4, 10

Question 8

Odd Number

Answer 8

1. An odd number is an integer that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2.
   Ex. –9, –3, –1, 1, 3, 9

Question 9

Remainders

Answer 9

A remainder is the integer left over after one number has been divided by another. Take, for example, 92 ÷ 6. Performing the division we see that 6 goes into 92 a total of 15 times, but 6 × 15 = 90, so there’s 2 left over. In other words, the remainder is 2.

Question 10

Factors

Answer 10

A factor is an integer that divides into another integer evenly, with no remainder. In other words, if is an integer, then b is a factor of a. For example, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 are all factors of 28, because they go into 28 without having anything left over. Likewise, 3 is not a factor of 28 since dividing 28 by 3 yields a remainder of 1. The number 1 is a factor of every number.

Question 11

Prime Number

Answer 11

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, and 97

1. All prime numbers are positive. This is because every negative number has –1 as a factor in addition to 1 and itself.
2. The number 1 is not prime. Prime numbers must have two positive factors, and 1 has only one positive factor, itself.
3. The number 2 is prime. It is the only even prime number. All prime numbers besides 2 are odd.

Question 12

Prime Factorization

Answer 12

To find the prime factorization of a number, divide it and all its factors until every remaining integer is prime. The resulting group of prime numbers is the prime factorization of the original integer. Want to find the prime factorization of 36? We thought so:
36 = 2 × 18 = 2 × 2 × 9 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3

Question 13

Greatest Common Factor

Answer 13

The greatest common factor (GCF) of two numbers is the largest number that is a factor of both numbers—that is, the GCF is the largest factor that both numbers have in common. For example, the GCF of 12 and 18 is 6, because 6 is the largest number that divides evenly into 12 and 18. Put another way, 6 is the largest number that is a factor of both 12 and 18.

Question 14

Least Common Multiple

Answer 14

The least common multiple (LCM) of two integers is the smallest number that is divisible by the two original integers. As with the GCF, you can use prime factorization as a shortcut to find the LCM.

Question 15

PEMDAS

Answer 15

Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

Question 16

Fraction Equivalency

Answer 16

To determine if two fractions are equivalent, multiply the denominator and numerator of one fraction so that the denominators of the two fractions are equal (this is one place where knowing how to calculate LCM and GCF comes in handy)

Question 17

Exponent Base

Answer 17

The base refers to the 3 in 35. In other words, the base is the number multiplied by itself however many times specified by the exponent.

Question 18

Exponent

Answer 18

The exponent is the 5 in 35. The exponent tells how many times the base is to be multiplied by itself.

Question 19

Squared

Answer 19

Saying that a number is squared is a common code word to indicate that it has an exponent of 2. In the expression 62, 6 has been squared.

Question 20

Cubed

Answer 20

Saying that a number is cubed means it has an exponent of 3. In the expression 43, 4 has been cubed.

Question 21

Power

Answer 21

The term power is another way to talk about a number being raised to an exponent. A number raised to the third power has an exponent of 3. So 6 raised to the third power is 63.