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ACT Science and Notes > Math Notes > Flashcards

Math Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Pythagorean theorem not true for any triangle. Only applies to right triangles.

A

If a2 + b2 < c2, then the triangle would be an obtuse-angled triangle.

If a2 + b2 > c2, then the triangle would be an acute-angled triangle.

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2
Q

An expression is said to a perfect square trinomial if it takes the form ax^2 + bx + c and satisfies the condition

A

b^2 = 4ac

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3
Q

Factoring a Sum of Cubes:

Factoring a Difference of Cubes:

A

Factoring a Sum of Cubes:

a^3 + b^3 = (a + b)(a^2 – ab + b^2)

Factoring a Difference of Cubes:

a^3 – b^3 = (a – b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)

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4
Q

i imaginary number table

A

4 possible values

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5
Q

“AAS” is when we know two angles and one side (which is not between the angles).

“ASA” This means we are given two angles of a triangle and one side, which is the side adjacent to the two given angles.

A

The quotient of each side measure divided by opposite angle’s sin is the same for all sides.

Use degrees seen from Radians when calculating sin or cos

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6
Q

“SAS” This means we are given two sides and the included angle.

A

Cosine of the side you’re looking for

Use degrees seen from Radians when calculating sin or cos

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7
Q

Radian equal to

A

57.2958 degrees

180/3.141592

360/ 2PI

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8
Q

Only Right Triangles

“Hypotenuse” is the long one

“Opposite” is opposite to the angle θ (looking for)

“Adjacent” is adjacent (next to) to the angle θ

A

SOH CAH TOA

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9
Q

logarithm

a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.

A
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10
Q

Sphere Volume

A

(4/3)*3.141592*r^3

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11
Q

Units of Length

A
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12
Q

Quadratic Formula

A
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13
Q

Common Logarithms

A

The common log of a number N is expressed as; log 10 N or log N. Common logarithms are also known as decadic logarithm and decimal logarithm

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14
Q

Formula to know number of solutions

A
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15
Q

Sin Graph

A
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16
Q

Cos graph

A
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17
Q

Tan graph

A
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18
Q

“Pythagorean” trigonometric identities

A
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19
Q

Basic Trigonometric Identities

A
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20
Q

Period of a function

A

A function f will be periodic with period m, so if we have

f (a + m) = f (a), For every m > 0

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21
Q

Period of Trig Functions

A

sin cos sec csc = 2PI/b

tan cot = PI/b

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22
Q

Expected value

A

In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable X, denoted E(X) or E[X], is a generalization of the weighted average, and is intuitively the arithmetic mean

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23
Q

Operations with matrixes

A

Multiplication and Determinant

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24
Q

Two solutions, solving functions with absolutes

A
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25
Q

The Discriminant

A
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26
Q

We can only multiply matrices if the number of ___ in the ___ matrix is the ___ as the number of ___ in the ___ matrix.

A

We can only multiply matrices if the number of columns in the first matrix is the same as the number of rows in the second matrix.

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27
Q

How to multiply Matrices

A

Each on the first column attack each on the first row and take the place of the one in the columns

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28
Q

Multiplicity

A

(x−2)2=(x−2)(x−2)(x−2)2=(x−2)(x−2)

The factor is repeated, that is, the factor (x−2)(x−2) appears twice. The number of times a given factor appears in the factored form of the equation of a polynomial is called the multiplicity. The zero associated with this factor, x=2x=2, has multiplicity 2 because the factor (x−2)(x−2) occurs twice.

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29
Q

Learning Outcome of Polynomials (graph)

A

Observe the behavior of the graph surrounding x-intercept. Three types of y=0: multiplicity 1 when the graph crosses as a straight line. Multiplicity of 2 when it bounces off. Multiplicity of 3 when it curves up and down.

30
Q

To find shaded-type graph for equations such as ax + by < c

(3 steps)

A

1- Give simple values to a, b, c. (1, 2, 3)

2- Find x and y-intercepts

3- Determine the shadowed side by testing the origin

31
Q

gives the x-coordinate of the vertex of a quadratic equation (parabola) in the form

y=ax2 + bx + c

A

-b/2a

maximum or minimum x coordinate

32
Q

Reword logarithm base b of a equals c

___ to the ___ power equals ___

A

logarithm base b of a equals c

=

b to the c power equals a

33
Q

Median

A

Arrange your numbers in numerical order.

Count how many numbers you have.

If you have an odd number, divide by 2 and round up to get the position of the median number.

If you have an even number, divide by 2. Go to the number in that position and average it with the number in the next higher position to get the median.

34
Q

Parallelogram + area formula

A

a four-sided plane rectilinear figure with opposite sides parallel.

area formula is bh for any parallelogram

35
Q

Slope of vertical line and horizontal line

A

slope of vertical line is undefined

slope of horizontal line is 0

36
Q

Exponents rules and properties

(product, quotient and power)

A
37
Q

Each trigonometric function in terms of each other

A

sine of an angle is equal to the cosine of the other angle (in a right triangle) so sinx = cos(90-x)

38
Q

Complex numbers’ cardinal plane. How to measure distance?

A

Real numbers are on the x-axis, imaginary numbers are treated as units on the y-axis

39
Q

Reciprocal

A

a mathematical expression or function so related to another that their product is one; the quantity obtained by dividing the number one by a given quantity.

40
Q

Secant

A

the ratio of the hypotenuse to the shorter side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle); the reciprocal of a cosine.

Cosine = Adjecent / Hypotenuse

Secant = Hypotenuse / Adjacent

41
Q

sin cos tan csc sec cot

A

sin o/h

cos a/h

tan o/a

csc h/o

sec h/a

cot a/o

42
Q

Special triangle

3 / 4 / 5

A

A triangle with sides of 3, 4, and 5 will always be a right
triangle, even if the problem does not explicitly state it.

43
Q

Special triangle

45o/45o/90o

A

In these triangles, the ratio of sides will always be 1:1:sqt(2)

44
Q

Special triangle

30o/60o/90o

A

1 : 2 : sqt(3)

45
Q

When two triangles have the same angles

A

they share the ratios of their sites

46
Q

To get the slope ? remember that…

A

Delta Y divided by Delta X. Remember: result might be a negative number

47
Q

Vertex for parabola (2 methods)

A
48
Q

Calculator instructions for cot

A

90 minus degrees divided by 57.3 then tan

49
Q

The circumradius

A

The circumradius of a cyclic polygon is the radius of the circumscribed circle of that polygon. For a triangle, it is the measure of the radius of the circle that circumscribes the triangle. Since every triangle is cyclic, every triangle has a circumscribed circle, or a circumcircle.

50
Q

Formula for apothem

A
51
Q

Formula for regular polygon

A
52
Q

Value of theta and Pi during trigonometric operations

(theta being the degrees the operations apply to)

A

Pi = 180 degrees

Theta = degrees / radian

53
Q

Solutions for inequality

A

Solve inside parenthesis using same symbol

54
Q

Once you get the two factors of the polynomial in the form (x+a)(x+b)

A

Don’t forget to invert the sign for the answer

55
Q

The formula for a circle is (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2, where (?, ?) is the center of the circle and ? is the radius of the circle.

A

where (a, b) is the center of the circle and r is the radius of the circle.

56
Q

Period, value at zero, initial slope and range all trig graphs

A
57
Q

Gallons Mililiters convertion chain

A

Gallon = 4 Quarts / Quart = 2 Pints / Pint = 2 cups / Cup = 8 oz

oz = 29.57 mL

32 ounces in a quart

58
Q

In triangle problems, angle A is opposite of side

A

a

59
Q

To test calculator sin of 90 should be

A

1

60
Q

Kite

A

A quadrilateral whose four sides can be grouped into two pairs of equal-length sides that are adjacent to each other.

Area= product of the lengths of the diagonals divided by 2 = Dd/2

61
Q

Trapezoid

A

Any cuadrilatreral with only one pair of parallel angles

area = ((B+b)xh)/2

62
Q

Parallelogram

A

A = bh

Cuadrilateral with all opposite sides parallel to each other = rectangle, square, rhombus

63
Q

Look again at what was being asked

A

after you’re done with your long calculations

64
Q

log base 5 x = -2 what is x?

A

1/25

65
Q

Arithmetic Sequence

A

if S1 = 3

S2 = 9

S3 = 22

S4 = 49

66
Q

In sum of consecutive numbers the one in the middle (median) is

A

the mean

67
Q

matrices are described as axb where a are the ? and b are the ?

number of ? in the first matrix has to be equal to the number of ? in the seconc matrix for a multiplication to be possible

The resulting size is ?x?

A

a is the height or number of rows and b is the number of columns or width

number of columns in the first one has to be equal to the number of rows in the second one

The rows of the first one by the columns of the second one

inner numbers qual, outer number result

68
Q

Matrices: describe operation

A

Rows vs columns

First matrix attacks in rows, second matrix in columns. From first matrix, each item in the row pairs against each item in second matrix’s column. Products are summed resulting value is placed based on participating row/column

69
Q

In a circle in the standard (x,y) coordionate plane, if an end of a diameter if z units above the center…

A

regardless of its x coordinate, the other end will also be z units from the center

70
Q

Synthetic Division

A

(need a confirmed factor)

71
Q

Ellipse Equation

A

squared y coordinate paired with squared x plus squared x coordinate paired with squared y equals the product of their x and y coordinate

72
Q

Multiply by conjugate

A

first term as is second term negative use for fractions with i

ACT Science and Notes (4 decks)

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