Maternity Nursing Chap 16 Flashcards
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: crackles on auscultation of the lungs.
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: respirations-36, irregular, shallow.
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: episodic apnea lasting 5 to 10 seconds.
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: nasal flaring and sternal retractions.
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: slight bluish discoloration of feet and hands.
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: blood pressure 76/43 mm Hg
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: apical rate 126, with murmurs
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: temperature 37.1* C axillary
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: head, 34 cm; chest, 36 cm
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: boggy edematous swelling over occiput
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: overlapping of parietal bones
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: white, pimple like spots on nose and chin
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: yellowish coloration on face and chest
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: regurgitation of small amount of milk after feedings
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: liver palpated 3 cm below right costal margin
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: spine straight with dimple at base
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: tight prepuce, unable to fully retract
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: edema of scrotum and labia
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: toes hyperextended and flared when sole is stroked upward
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: hematocrit 36%; hemoglobin 12 g/dL
P
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: white blood cell count 23,000/mm^3
N
Normal (N) or potential (P) problems with adaption to extrauterine life: blood glucose 40 mg/dL
P
Factors initiating breathing after birth:
-reflex triggered by such factors as pressure changes, chilling, noise, light, and other sensations associated with exposure to extrauterine life and chemoreceptor activation by lowered oxygen level, higher carbon dioxide level, and lower pH
Conditions essential for maintaining an adequate oxygen supply:
-removal of lung fluid, synchronous expansion of chest and abdomen, patent airway, and sufficient surfactant
Expected newborn respiratory pattern:
-shallow and irregular rate of 30 to 60 breaths/min, short periods of apnea less than 20 seconds, and loud and clear breath sounds
Signs of respiratory distress:
- nasal flaring, retractions, and increased use of intercostal muscles
- grunting with respirations
- seesaw respirations
- rate of less than 30 or more than 60 breaths/min at rest
- apnea longer than 20 seconds
- adventitious breath sounds
Foramen ovale: purpose/location–closure mechansim:
- formation of a valve opening that allows blood to flow directly to left atrium (shunting of blood from right to left atrium)
- functionally closed at birth, constant apposition gradually leading to fusion and permanent closure within a few months or years in majority of persons
- increased pressure in left atrium and decreased pressure in right atrium causing closure of valve over foramen
Ductus arteriosus: purpose/location–closure mechanism:
- patent, shunting of blooding from pulmonary artery to descending aorta
- functionally closed almost immediately after birth, anatomic obliteration of lumen by fibrous proliferation requiring 1-3 mo, becoming ligmentum arteriosum
- increased oxygen content of blood in ductus arteriosus creating vasospasm of its muscular wall
- high systemic resistance increasing aortic pressue; low pulmonary resistance reducing pulmonary arterial pressure