Maternity HESI Flashcards
What is the normal range for a newborn’s heart rate?
120 to 160 beats per minute.
True or False: The Apgar score is assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
True.
Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for milk production is called _____.
prolactin.
What is the primary purpose of prenatal care?
To ensure the health of both the mother and the fetus.
List the five components of the Apgar score.
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace response, Activity, Respiration.
What is the term for the first milk produced after delivery?
Colostrum.
True or False: Vaginal delivery is always safer than cesarean delivery.
False.
What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with a normal BMI?
25 to 35 pounds.
What does the term ‘lanugo’ refer to?
Fine hair covering the fetus in the womb.
What is the primary risk factor for gestational diabetes?
Obesity.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of labor? A) Regular contractions B) Water breaking C) Increased appetite D) Cervical dilation
C) Increased appetite.
What vaccination is recommended for pregnant women during the third trimester?
Tdap vaccine.
Define ‘meconium’.
The first stool passed by a newborn, consisting of amniotic fluid, lanugo, and bile.
What is a common symptom of preeclampsia?
High blood pressure and protein in the urine.
True or False: Breastfeeding can help reduce the risk of postpartum depression.
True.
What is the purpose of the chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?
To test for genetic disorders in the fetus.
Fill in the blank: The term for the surgical delivery of a baby is called _____.
cesarean section.
What is the significance of the fetal heartbeat?
It indicates fetal well-being and development.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a sign of ectopic pregnancy? A) Severe abdominal pain B) Normal fetal heartbeat C) Weight gain D) Increased energy
A) Severe abdominal pain.
What is the typical duration of the first stage of labor?
12 to 24 hours.
True or False: A woman can have a normal delivery after a previous cesarean section.
True.
What is the primary function of oxytocin during labor?
To stimulate uterine contractions.
What does ‘Nagele’s rule’ help to calculate?
The estimated due date of a pregnancy.
Fill in the blank: The average gestation period for a human pregnancy is ____ weeks.
40 weeks.
What is the term for the position of the fetus in the womb before delivery?
Fetal presentation.
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth promotes bonding.
True.
What is the purpose of the fetal monitor?
To assess the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions.
What is a common method to relieve pain during labor?
Epidural anesthesia.
Multiple choice: Which medication is commonly used to induce labor? A) Pitocin B) Ibuprofen C) Aspirin D) Metformin
A) Pitocin.
What is the primary concern with a breech presentation?
Increased risk of complications during delivery.
Fill in the blank: The term for the first examination of the newborn is called _____.
neonatal assessment.
What is the significance of a newborn’s weight?
It indicates growth and overall health.
True or False: All women should be screened for Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy.
True.
What is the risk associated with prolonged labor?
Increased chance of infection and fetal distress.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for breastfeeding? A) HIV positive B) Cold C) Fatigue D) Mild headache
A) HIV positive.
What is the role of folic acid during pregnancy?
To help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
What is the typical position of the fetus at term?
Cephalic (head-down).
Fill in the blank: The term for the process of giving birth is called _____.
parturition.
True or False: Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as losing more than 500 mL of blood after vaginal delivery.
True.
What is the primary focus of postpartum care?
To monitor the mother’s recovery and address any complications.
What is the common duration for postpartum discharge from the hospital after a vaginal delivery?
24 to 48 hours.
Multiple choice: Which vitamin is important for fetal bone development? A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin B12 D) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D.
What does the term ‘lactation’ refer to?
The process of producing and secreting milk.
Fill in the blank: The term for the fluid that surrounds the fetus is called _____.
amniotic fluid.
What is the purpose of the RhoGAM injection?
To prevent Rh incompatibility in Rh-negative mothers.
True or False: It is safe for pregnant women to consume alcohol in moderation.
False.
What is the common sign of a ruptured amniotic sac?
Leaking of clear fluid from the vagina.
Multiple choice: What is the most common maternal complication during pregnancy? A) Hypertension B) Diabetes C) Anemia D) Hyperemesis gravidarum
A) Hypertension.
What is the purpose of prenatal vitamins?
To provide essential nutrients for the health of the mother and fetus.
Fill in the blank: The term for the period immediately after childbirth is called _____.
postpartum.
What is a common reason for performing a cesarean section?
Fetal distress.
True or False: Pregnant women should avoid all forms of exercise.
False.
What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove waste.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a sign of labor? A) Braxton Hicks contractions B) Water breaking C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B.
What is the purpose of a doula during labor?
To provide emotional and physical support to the mother.
Fill in the blank: The hormone that helps maintain pregnancy is called _____.
progesterone.
What is the typical duration of the second stage of labor?
30 minutes to 2 hours.
True or False: Newborns can see at birth.
False.
What is the term for the period of pregnancy that occurs before the 37th week?
Preterm.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a method of pain relief during labor? A) Epidural B) Nitrous oxide C) Massage D) Acupuncture
C) Massage.
What is the purpose of skin-to-skin contact after delivery?
To promote bonding and regulate the newborn’s temperature.
Fill in the blank: The term for a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation is called _____.
premature.
What is the significance of the fetal position during labor?
It affects the ease of delivery and potential complications.
True or False: It is important for mothers to rest and recover in the postpartum period.
True.
What is the common sign of a uterine infection postpartum?
Fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common complication of pregnancy? A) Thrombosis B) Asthma C) Diabetes D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the typical length of the postpartum period?
6 weeks.
Fill in the blank: The term for a fetus that is not in the head-down position is called _____.
breech.
What is the importance of monitoring fetal movements?
To assess fetal well-being.
True or False: All women experience morning sickness during pregnancy.
False.
What is the role of the healthcare provider during labor?
To monitor the mother and fetus and assist with delivery.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding? A) Increased bonding B) Nutritional benefits C) Cost savings D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is a common indication for a non-stress test during pregnancy?
To assess fetal heart rate patterns.
Fill in the blank: The term for the first few days after birth when the mother produces colostrum is called _____.
the early postpartum period.
What is the significance of a newborn’s reflexes?
They indicate neurological health.
What is the primary focus of maternity nursing?
The primary focus of maternity nursing is to provide care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
True or False: Maternity nursing includes care for the newborn.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ stage of labor is characterized by the complete dilation of the cervix.
Second
What is the average duration of the first stage of labor for a primipara?
12 to 24 hours
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions?
Oxytocin
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of true labor? A) Braxton Hicks contractions B) Regular contractions C) Pain that subsides with rest
B) Regular contractions
What is the purpose of a biophysical profile (BPP)?
To assess the health of the fetus by evaluating fetal heart rate, movements, muscle tone, and amniotic fluid.
True or False: The Apgar score is used to assess the newborn’s condition immediately after birth.
True
What does the acronym ‘L&D’ stand for in maternity nursing?
Labor and Delivery
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the process of the fetus moving into a head-down position before birth.
Engagement
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a normal BMI during pregnancy?
25 to 35 pounds
Multiple Choice: What is a common complication during labor? A) Gestational diabetes B) Preeclampsia C) Uterine rupture
C) Uterine rupture
What is the term for the first milk produced after delivery?
Colostrum
True or False: Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life.
True
What is the main risk factor for gestational diabetes?
Obesity
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the thin tissue that connects the fetus to the placenta.
Umbilical cord
What is the purpose of prenatal vitamins?
To ensure adequate nutrient intake for the health of the mother and fetus.
Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is crucial for preventing neural tube defects? A) Vitamin A B) Folic acid C) Vitamin D
B) Folic acid
What is the term for the period immediately following childbirth?
Postpartum
True or False: Postpartum depression can occur in any woman after childbirth.
True
What is the most common method of pain relief during labor?
Epidural anesthesia
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase of labor involves the onset of regular contractions.
Latent
What is the recommended position for a woman during labor to promote optimal fetal positioning?
Upright or lateral position
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of labor? A) Lightening B) Nesting C) Increased appetite
C) Increased appetite
What is the typical duration of the third stage of labor?
5 to 30 minutes
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth is beneficial for the newborn.
True
What is the significance of the ‘4th trimester’?
It refers to the first three months after birth, focusing on the newborn’s adjustment and maternal recovery.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the layer of cells that develops into the placenta.
Trophoblast
What does the term ‘meconium’ refer to?
The first stool of the newborn.
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy? A) Gestational hypertension B) Preeclampsia C) Eclampsia
B) Preeclampsia
What is the purpose of the Rh immunoglobulin injection during pregnancy?
To prevent Rh incompatibility in Rh-negative mothers.
True or False: The use of narcotics during labor can affect the newborn.
True
What is the term for the surgical procedure to deliver a baby through the abdomen?
Cesarean section (C-section)
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy.
Amniotic sac
What is the role of a doula during labor and delivery?
To provide emotional and physical support to the laboring woman.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of a cesarean delivery? A) Hemorrhage B) Thromboembolism C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
True or False: A postpartum checkup is recommended within 6 weeks after delivery.
True
What is the term for the discharge that occurs after childbirth?
Lochia
Fill in the blank: The _____ reflex is triggered when the baby’s cheek is stroked, prompting them to turn towards the stimulus.
Rooting
What is the recommended time for a newborn to receive their first bath?
After the first 24 hours of life
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of postpartum hemorrhage? A) Saturating a pad in less than an hour B) Severe headache C) Fever
A) Saturating a pad in less than an hour
True or False: A woman’s body undergoes significant hormonal changes during pregnancy.
True
What is the recommended method for breastfeeding to ensure proper latch?
The baby should be brought to the breast, not the breast to the baby.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the term used for the delivery of the placenta.
Placental expulsion
What is the primary purpose of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy.
Multiple Choice: What is the leading cause of maternal morbidity worldwide? A) Hemorrhage B) Hypertension C) Infection
A) Hemorrhage
True or False: It is safe to consume alcohol during pregnancy in moderation.
False
What is the term for the period of time during which a woman is pregnant?
Gestation
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the hormone that maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy.
Progesterone
What is the significance of a non-stress test (NST)?
To monitor fetal heart rate patterns in response to fetal movements.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for preterm labor? A) Smoking B) Advanced maternal age C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
True or False: A woman can safely exercise during pregnancy.
True
What is the term for the surgical procedure to tie the fallopian tubes?
Tubal ligation
Fill in the blank: The _____ test evaluates the fetus’s health by measuring heart rate and uterine contractions.
Contraction stress test (CST)
What is the most common position for a woman to give birth?
Lithotomy position
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by the presence of a fetus outside the uterus? A) Ectopic pregnancy B) Placenta previa C) Preterm labor
A) Ectopic pregnancy
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact can help regulate the newborn’s temperature.
True
What is the term for the time period from conception to birth?
Pregnancy
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the medical professional who provides care during labor and delivery.
Obstetrician
What is the recommended feeding frequency for newborns in the first few weeks of life?
Every 2 to 3 hours
Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of prenatal screening tests? A) To diagnose genetic disorders B) To assess the risk of complications C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
True or False: It is important for pregnant women to stay hydrated.
True
What is the term for the practice of placing the newborn on the mother’s chest immediately after birth?
Immediate skin-to-skin contact
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the first stage of labor where contractions begin.
Latent phase
What is the purpose of an ultrasound during pregnancy?
To visualize the fetus and assess its development.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of pregnancy? A) Amenorrhea B) Nausea C) Increased energy
C) Increased energy
True or False: Maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight.
True
What is the term for the condition characterized by high blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy?
Gestational hypertension
What is the normal range for fetal heart rate?
120 to 160 beats per minute
True or False: The Apgar score is assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
True
Fill in the blank: The hormone primarily responsible for uterine contractions during labor is ______.
oxytocin
What is the primary purpose of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of the mother and fetus
Which position is recommended for a mother in labor to facilitate fetal descent?
Upright or lateral position
What is the first stage of labor called?
Latent phase
True or False: A low-birth-weight infant is defined as weighing less than 2500 grams.
True
What does the term ‘meconium’ refer to?
The first stool of a newborn
Which medication is commonly used for pain relief during labor?
Epidural anesthesia
What is the significance of the fundal height measurement?
It helps assess fetal growth and development
Multiple choice: What is a common sign of preterm labor? A) Increased fetal movement B) Regular contractions C) Decreased appetite
B) Regular contractions
What is the main risk factor for gestational diabetes?
Obesity
Fill in the blank: The ______ stage of labor involves the delivery of the placenta.
third
True or False: Breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth.
True
What is the purpose of the Rh immunoglobulin injection during pregnancy?
To prevent Rh incompatibility
What does a non-stress test (NST) evaluate?
Fetal heart rate response to movement
Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy?
Preeclampsia
Multiple choice: Which test is used to assess fetal lung maturity? A) Amniocentesis B) Biophysical profile C) Non-stress test
A) Amniocentesis
What is the primary source of nutrition for a newborn in the first few days of life?
Colostrum
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
placenta
True or False: A cesarean section is a vaginal delivery method.
False
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a normal BMI during pregnancy?
25 to 35 pounds
What is the term for the period after childbirth?
Postpartum
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of labor? A) Lightening B) Bloody show C) Increased appetite
C) Increased appetite
What is the primary goal of the Barlow maneuver?
To check for hip dislocation in infants
Fill in the blank: The ______ test screens for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns.
heel prick
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact is beneficial for both mother and baby after birth.
True
What is the purpose of using a fetal monitor during labor?
To assess fetal heart rate and monitor for distress
What is a common complication of diabetes during pregnancy?
Macrosomia
Multiple choice: Which vitamin is essential for fetal neural tube development? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin D C) Folic acid
C) Folic acid
What is the term for the surgical procedure to deliver a baby through the abdominal wall?
Cesarean section
Fill in the blank: The ______ reflex is the automatic response of a newborn to suck.
sucking
True or False: A vaginal delivery is always safer than a cesarean delivery.
False
What is the primary method for assessing fetal position during pregnancy?
Leopold’s maneuvers
What does the term ‘lochia’ refer to?
Postpartum vaginal discharge
Multiple choice: What is the recommended frequency of prenatal visits for a low-risk pregnancy? A) Every month B) Every week C) Every two weeks
A) Every month
What is the primary purpose of a biophysical profile?
To assess fetal well-being
Fill in the blank: The ______ stage of labor involves full dilation of the cervix.
transition
True or False: Newborns are typically bathed immediately after birth.
False
What is the primary risk of a prolonged labor?
Increased risk of infection
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of pregnancy? A) Nausea B) Increased energy C) Weight loss
A) Nausea
What is the term for the first milk produced after birth?
Colostrum
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the hormone that maintains pregnancy.
progesterone
True or False: All women experience morning sickness during pregnancy.
False
What is the significance of a high AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) level during pregnancy?
It may indicate neural tube defects
Multiple choice: What is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage? A) Uterine atony B) Retained placenta C) Lacerations
A) Uterine atony
What is the purpose of prenatal vitamins?
To ensure adequate nutrient intake for mother and fetus
Fill in the blank: The ______ is used to assess the degree of cervical dilation.
cervical exam
True or False: It is safe to take any medication during pregnancy.
False
What is the term for the surgical procedure to repair a torn perineum?
Episiotomy
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for vaginal delivery? A) Previous cesarean section B) Twin pregnancy C) Breech presentation
C) Breech presentation
What is the primary role of a labor and delivery nurse?
To provide care and support to the mother during labor and delivery
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the term for the soft spot on a newborn’s head.
fontanel
True or False: A doula is a medical professional who delivers babies.
False
What is the purpose of an ultrasound during pregnancy?
To visualize the fetus and assess development
Multiple choice: What is the recommended position for a mother during a contraction? A) Supine B) Sitting C) Side-lying
C) Side-lying
What does the term ‘gestation’ refer to?
The period of development from conception to birth
Fill in the blank: The ______ reflex is the newborn’s response to a sudden stimulus.
startle
True or False: The placenta is expelled after the delivery of the baby.
True
What is the primary concern during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Miscarriage
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a sign of preterm labor? A) Pelvic pressure B) Decreased fetal movement C) Increased appetite
A) Pelvic pressure
What is the significance of the 20-week ultrasound?
It checks for fetal anatomy and abnormalities
Fill in the blank: The ______ hormone is responsible for the development of breast tissue during pregnancy.
estrogen
True or False: It is normal for a newborn to lose weight in the first few days after birth.
True
What is the primary reason for administering vitamin K to newborns?
To prevent hemorrhagic disease
Multiple choice: What is a common complication of multiple gestation pregnancies? A) Higher risk of diabetes B) Increased risk of hypertension C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
6 months
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outer membrane surrounding the fetus.
chorion
True or False: A high-risk pregnancy requires more frequent monitoring.
True
What is the primary focus during postpartum care?
Monitoring for complications and supporting recovery
Multiple choice: What is the most effective method of birth control postpartum? A) Condoms B) IUD C) Natural family planning
B) IUD
What is the term for the delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation?
Preterm birth
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the process of the baby moving into the birth canal.
descent
True or False: Breastfeeding can help reduce the risk of postpartum depression.
True
What is the purpose of a pelvic exam during pregnancy?
To assess the cervix and pelvic structure
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of labor? A) Water breaking B) Regular contractions C) Increased energy
C) Increased energy
What is the primary hormone tested for in pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the term for the surgical removal of the uterus.
hysterectomy
True or False: It is safe to consume alcohol during pregnancy.
False
What is the recommended frequency of breast exams postpartum?
At each healthcare visit
Multiple choice: What is a common emotional response after giving birth? A) Euphoria B) Sadness C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the primary goal of prenatal education?
To prepare parents for childbirth and parenting
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the term for the period of rapid growth in infants.
growth spurt
True or False: It is important for new mothers to rest and recover after childbirth.
True
What is the significance of monitoring fetal movement?
It helps assess fetal well-being
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common sign of pregnancy? A) Frequent urination B) Decreased appetite C) Increased energy
A) Frequent urination
What is the term for the thick, yellowish fluid produced in the first few days after childbirth?
Colostrum
What is the normal range for fetal heart rate?
120 to 160 beats per minute
True or False: The first stage of labor is divided into latent and active phases.
True
Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for the onset of labor is __________.
oxytocin
What is the primary purpose of the Apgar score?
To assess the health of a newborn immediately after birth
Which position is commonly recommended for a laboring woman to enhance fetal circulation?
Left lateral position
What does the term ‘meconium’ refer to?
The first stool of a newborn
True or False: A patient with a history of gestational diabetes is at higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
True
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a normal BMI during pregnancy?
25 to 35 pounds
Which of the following is NOT a sign of preterm labor? A) Regular contractions B) Low back pain C) Increased fetal movement
C) Increased fetal movement
What is the primary risk associated with a prolonged rupture of membranes?
Infection
Fill in the blank: The __________ test is used to assess fetal well-being by monitoring heart rate changes in response to fetal movements.
non-stress
What is the significance of the Bishop score?
It assesses the readiness of the cervix for labor
True or False: The third stage of labor involves the delivery of the placenta.
True
What is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony
Which medication is commonly used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage?
Oxytocin
What is the purpose of a cervical cerclage?
To prevent preterm birth in women with a short cervix
Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the position of the fetus in relation to the mother’s pelvis.
presentation
What is the primary concern with a fetus in a breech presentation?
Increased risk of cord prolapse
True or False: Breastfeeding is recommended for all infants, regardless of the mother’s health status.
False
Which vitamin is essential for fetal neural tube development?
Folic acid
What is the most common complication of pregnancy?
Hypertension
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy.
Preeclampsia
What is the role of magnesium sulfate in obstetrics?
To prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia
True or False: A woman can safely take ibuprofen during pregnancy.
False
What is the indication for performing an amniocentesis?
Genetic testing and assessment of fetal lung maturity
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term used for the surgical delivery of a baby through the abdominal wall.
Cesarean section
What is the most effective method for preventing vertical transmission of HIV during pregnancy?
Antiretroviral therapy
True or False: Women who smoke during pregnancy are at a higher risk for low birth weight infants.
True
What is the primary goal of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of the mother and fetus
Which screening test is performed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to assess for gestational diabetes?
Glucose tolerance test
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus.
Ectopic pregnancy
What is the main risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?
Obesity
True or False: The fundal height measurement can help assess fetal growth.
True
What is the primary symptom of placental abruption?
Vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for excessive vomiting during pregnancy.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
What is the purpose of the Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening?
To prevent neonatal infections during delivery
True or False: A woman can safely engage in moderate exercise during pregnancy.
True
What is the recommended position for a woman during labor to reduce pressure on the perineum?
Squatting
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the outer layer of the fetal membranes.
chorion
What is the primary function of the placenta?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
Which type of prenatal screening test can detect Down syndrome?
First trimester screening
True or False: A woman with a history of cesarean delivery cannot attempt a vaginal birth in a subsequent pregnancy.
False
What is the typical duration of the postpartum period?
6 weeks
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the first milk produced after delivery, rich in antibodies.
Colostrum
What is the most common cause of infertility in women?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
True or False: Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted from cat litter to a pregnant woman.
True
What is the purpose of the Rh immunoglobulin injection during pregnancy?
To prevent Rh incompatibility in subsequent pregnancies
Fill in the blank: The __________ reflex is a key indicator of fetal well-being during labor.
fetal heart rate
What is the normal duration of the second stage of labor?
1 to 2 hours for first-time mothers; shorter for subsequent births
True or False: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
True
What is the main purpose of prenatal vitamins?
To ensure adequate nutrient intake for mother and fetus
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by the absence of a heartbeat in the fetus.
Fetal demise
What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the postpartum period?
Hemorrhage
True or False: It is safe for pregnant women to consume alcohol in moderation.
False
What is the primary treatment for preterm labor?
Tocolytics
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the membrane that surrounds the fetus and amniotic fluid.
amniotic sac
What is the purpose of a fetal kick count?
To monitor fetal activity and well-being
True or False: All women should receive a flu vaccine during pregnancy.
True
What is the primary concern with advanced maternal age during pregnancy?
Increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities
Fill in the blank: __________ is a term used to describe the cessation of menstruation.
Amenorrhea
What is the significance of the ‘quickening’ sensation during pregnancy?
It is the first felt movement of the fetus by the mother.
True or False: Breastfeeding can help reduce the risk of postpartum depression.
True
What is the recommended time frame for exclusive breastfeeding?
The first 6 months of life
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the medical term for the period after childbirth.
puerperium
What is a common complication of multiple gestation?
Preterm birth
True or False: Pregnant women should avoid all forms of physical activity.
False
What is the primary reason for conducting a fetal ultrasound?
To assess fetal growth and development
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by high blood pressure that can occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Gestational hypertension
What is the recommended position for a woman to sleep during pregnancy?
On her side, preferably the left side
True or False: It is normal for a pregnant woman to experience some swelling in the legs and feet.
True
What is the main purpose of prenatal screening tests?
To identify potential health issues in the fetus
Fill in the blank: __________ is a serious condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall.
Placenta accreta
What is the most common reason for performing a cesarean section?
Fetal distress
True or False: A vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is always contraindicated.
False
What is the primary purpose of maternal medications during pregnancy?
To manage health conditions and ensure the safety of both the mother and fetus.
True or False: All medications are safe to use during pregnancy.
False.
Fill in the blank: The classification system for drugs in pregnancy ranges from A to _____.
X.
What does Category A indicate in the FDA classification system for pregnancy medications?
Medications that have been tested and found to be safe for use in pregnant women.
Which category of medications is contraindicated during pregnancy?
Category X.
Name one common medication used to treat hypertension in pregnant women.
Labetalol.
True or False: Aspirin is always safe for use during pregnancy.
False.
What is the recommended treatment for gestational diabetes?
Insulin therapy.
common side effect of magnesium sulfate?
Respiratory depression and loss of deep tendon reflexes
What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?
To prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
True or False: Herbal supplements are guaranteed to be safe during pregnancy.
False.
What is the first-line treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6).
Fill in the blank: Opioids should be used with caution during pregnancy due to the risk of _____.
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
What medication is often prescribed for preterm labor?
Tocolytics, such as terbutaline.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is contraindicated in breastfeeding?
C. Codeine.
What is the purpose of prenatal vitamins?
To provide essential nutrients for the health of the mother and developing fetus.
True or False: All medications taken before pregnancy are safe to continue during pregnancy.
False.
Name a medication used for managing pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Methyldopa.
What is the significance of the FDA pregnancy category system?
To inform healthcare providers and patients about the risks associated with medications during pregnancy.
Fill in the blank: The use of _____ is often recommended to manage iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.
Iron supplements.
What is the potential risk of using NSAIDs during the third trimester?
Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
Multiple Choice: What is the recommended dose of folic acid for women planning to become pregnant?
A. 400 mcg.
What medication can be used to treat urinary tract infections in pregnant women?
Nitrofurantoin.
True or False: Vaccinations are not recommended during pregnancy.
False.
What is the purpose of Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) during pregnancy?
To prevent Rh incompatibility in Rh-negative mothers.
Fill in the blank: _____ is a medication used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
Oxytocin.
What is the primary concern with using antidepressants during pregnancy?
Potential risk of fetal exposure and withdrawal symptoms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common medication for managing gestational diabetes?
C. Metformin.
What is the recommended treatment for severe preeclampsia?
Delivery of the baby.
True or False: It is safe to take over-the-counter medications without consulting a healthcare provider during pregnancy.
False.
What is the role of corticosteroids in pregnancy?
To accelerate fetal lung maturity in preterm labor.
Fill in the blank: The use of _____ can help manage severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Ondansetron.
What is the main concern with using lithium during pregnancy?
Risk of cardiac defects in the fetus.
Multiple Choice: Which medication is commonly used to induce labor?
B. Misoprostol.
What is the effect of anticoagulants like heparin during pregnancy?
To prevent thromboembolic events.
True or False: The benefits of medication use during pregnancy always outweigh the risks.
False.
What medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism in pregnant women?
Propylthiouracil.
Fill in the blank: _____ is a common medication used to treat group B streptococcus during labor.
Penicillin.
What is the primary goal of medication management during pregnancy?
To ensure the health and safety of both the mother and fetus.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is safe for use during pregnancy for pain relief?
A. Acetaminophen.
What is the importance of monitoring drug levels in pregnant patients taking anticonvulsants?
To prevent teratogenic effects and ensure therapeutic levels.
True or False: All medications can be used safely during breastfeeding.
False.
What medication is often given to prevent preterm labor in high-risk pregnancies?
Progesterone.
Fill in the blank: _____ is an important medication for managing eclampsia.
Magnesium sulfate.
What is the role of beta-agonists in pregnancy?
To relax uterine contractions and prevent preterm labor.
Multiple Choice: Which class of medications is used to treat asthma in pregnant women?
C. Inhaled corticosteroids.
What is maternal hemorrhaging?
Excessive blood loss from the mother during or after childbirth.
True or False: Maternal hemorrhaging can occur during pregnancy.
True
What are the two main types of maternal hemorrhaging?
Antepartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage.
Fill in the blank: The leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality is ________.
hemorrhage
What is the most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for maternal hemorrhaging? A) Placenta previa B) Uterine fibroids C) High blood pressure D) Adequate prenatal care
D) Adequate prenatal care
What does the term ‘placenta previa’ refer to?
A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.
True or False: Hemorrhaging can lead to hypovolemic shock.
True
What is the recommended first-line treatment for uterine atony?
Uterotonics, such as oxytocin.
Fill in the blank: A blood loss of more than ______ mL during vaginal delivery is considered postpartum hemorrhage.
500
What is the definition of late postpartum hemorrhage?
Hemorrhage occurring more than 24 hours but less than 6 weeks after delivery.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of hypovolemic shock? A) Hypertension B) Bradycardia C) Tachycardia D) Hyperthermia
C) Tachycardia
What is a common intervention for managing postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine massage.
True or False: Blood transfusions are always required in cases of maternal hemorrhaging.
False
What is the role of the nurse in managing maternal hemorrhaging?
Monitoring vital signs, assessing blood loss, and administering medications.
Fill in the blank: The most critical time for maternal hemorrhage is ________ after delivery.
the first hour
What is a common cause of late postpartum hemorrhage?
Retained placental fragments.
Multiple Choice: Which medication is commonly used to treat uterine atony? A) Magnesium sulfate B) Methylergometrine C) Furosemide D) Aspirin
B) Methylergometrine
What is the significance of the 4 T’s in postpartum hemorrhage?
They represent the four main causes: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, and Thrombin.
True or False: Dilation and curettage (D&C) can be used to manage retained products of conception.
True
What is the expected blood loss during a cesarean section?
Up to 1000 mL.
Fill in the blank: ________ is a condition characterized by the inability of the blood to clot effectively.
Coagulopathy
What is the primary goal of nursing care for a patient experiencing maternal hemorrhage?
To stabilize the patient and prevent further blood loss.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of uterine atony? A) Firm, contracted uterus B) Soft, boggy uterus C) High blood pressure D) Decreased heart rate
B) Soft, boggy uterus
What is the importance of early detection in maternal hemorrhaging?
It allows for prompt intervention and reduces the risk of complications.
True or False: All women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage require surgical intervention.
False
What is a key nursing intervention during the assessment of a patient with suspected hemorrhage?
Measuring fundal height and firmness.
Fill in the blank: The use of ________ can help prevent postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients.
prophylactic oxytocin
What is the relationship between maternal hemorrhage and anemia?
Hemorrhage can lead to anemia due to significant blood loss.
Multiple Choice: Which factor increases the risk of hemorrhage in a patient with a history of cesarean delivery? A) Previous vaginal births B) Uterine rupture C) Advanced maternal age D) Healthy weight
B) Uterine rupture
What vital sign changes may indicate shock in a postpartum patient?
Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
True or False: A patient with postpartum hemorrhage should be placed in a supine position.
False
What is the recommended fluid management for a patient experiencing severe hemorrhage?
Administer intravenous fluids rapidly.
Fill in the blank: ________ therapy may be indicated for patients with significant blood loss.
Transfusion
What is a key sign of retained placenta?
Prolonged or excessive bleeding after delivery.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of methylergometrine? A) Hypertension B) Uterine atony C) Postpartum hemorrhage D) Diabetes
A) Hypertension
What assessment finding is critical for nurses to monitor in patients with a history of hemorrhage?
Changes in level of consciousness.
True or False: Maternal hemorrhaging can occur without any warning signs.
True
What is the significance of a complete blood count (CBC) in managing hemorrhage?
It helps assess the extent of blood loss and guides treatment.
Fill in the blank: The acronym TACO stands for ________ in the context of blood transfusion reactions.
transfusion-associated circulatory overload
What should a nurse educate a patient about after experiencing a hemorrhage?
Signs of infection and the importance of follow-up care.
Multiple Choice: Which nursing action is appropriate when managing a patient with postpartum hemorrhage? A) Limiting fluid intake B) Encouraging ambulation C) Monitoring for signs of shock D) Administering oral medications
C) Monitoring for signs of shock
What is the role of the healthcare team in preventing maternal hemorrhage?
To implement evidence-based protocols and provide comprehensive care.
True or False: Maternal hemorrhage can affect future pregnancies.
True
What is one potential complication of untreated maternal hemorrhage?
Organ failure.
What is a common maternal risk factor for gestational diabetes?
Obesity
True or False: Advanced maternal age can increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
True
Fill in the blank: Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of ________ in the fetus.
low birth weight
What condition is associated with maternal hypertension during pregnancy?
Preeclampsia
Which infection poses a risk to fetal development during pregnancy?
Rubella
True or False: A history of preterm birth is a risk factor for future preterm deliveries.
True
What dietary deficiency is linked to neural tube defects in the fetus?
Folic acid
Identify one environmental toxin that can affect fetal development.
Lead
What is the term for high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy?
Gestational hypertension
True or False: Maternal diabetes increases the risk of birth defects.
True
Fill in the blank: Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to ________ syndrome.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum
What is a major risk factor for placental abruption?
Cocaine use
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for gestational diabetes? A) Obesity B) Family history C) High protein diet D) Sedentary lifestyle
C) High protein diet
What maternal health condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
True or False: Physical inactivity during pregnancy is a risk factor for obesity in the mother.
True
What is the significance of folic acid in pregnancy?
It helps prevent neural tube defects.
Fill in the blank: Maternal obesity can lead to ________ complications during pregnancy.
cardiovascular
What is the risk associated with teenage pregnancies?
Higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight
True or False: Chronic stress has no impact on fetal development.
False
What condition is defined as the presence of high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy?
Preeclampsia
Multiple choice: Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia? A) First pregnancy B) Maternal age over 35 C) High calcium intake D) History of hypertension
C) High calcium intake
What is a potential effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy?
Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Fill in the blank: Maternal infections like ________ can lead to serious fetal complications.
syphilis
True or False: A healthy diet during pregnancy can reduce the risk of complications.
True
What is the role of prenatal care in pregnancy?
To monitor and promote maternal and fetal health.
Identify one psychological factor that can affect pregnancy outcomes.
Severe anxiety
What is the association between maternal anemia and pregnancy?
Increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for fetal growth restriction? A) Maternal smoking B) High maternal education C) Adequate prenatal care D) Advanced paternal age
A) Maternal smoking
What is a common consequence of untreated maternal infections during pregnancy?
Fetal infection or complications
True or False: Maternal obesity is linked to an increased risk of cesarean delivery.
True
Fill in the blank: The use of ________ during pregnancy can lead to fetal exposure to harmful substances.
illicit drugs
What maternal condition involves the presence of diabetes before pregnancy?
Pre-existing diabetes
Identify one lifestyle change that can reduce pregnancy complications.
Regular physical activity
What is the effect of high caffeine consumption during pregnancy?
Potential risk of miscarriage or low birth weight
True or False: Maternal infections can only affect the mother, not the fetus.
False
What is the impact of maternal stress on fetal development?
Can lead to preterm birth and low birth weight
Fill in the blank: A family history of ________ can increase the risk of genetic disorders in the fetus.
hereditary conditions
What is the importance of regular prenatal screenings?
To detect and manage potential risks early.
True or False: Maternal exposure to environmental pollutants has no impact on fetal health.
False
What dietary component is crucial for preventing neural tube defects?
Folic acid
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for miscarriage? A) High maternal age B) Regular exercise C) Adequate nutrition D) Low stress levels
A) High maternal age
What is the significance of managing chronic health conditions during pregnancy?
To reduce the risk of complications for both mother and fetus.
What is a common complication associated with fetal growth restriction?
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
True or False: Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight greater than 4,000 grams.
True
Fill in the blank: The condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery is known as ______.
placental abruption
What is the primary risk factor for fetal distress during labor?
Umbilical cord complications
What is the term for a fetal heart rate that is less than 110 beats per minute?
Bradycardia
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential consequence of oligohydramnios? A) Increased fetal movement B) Compression of umbilical cord C) Higher amniotic fluid levels
B) Compression of umbilical cord
Oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid, is a serious pregnancy condition that occurs when there’s less amniotic fluid than expected for the baby’s gestational age.
What does the term ‘fetal demise’ refer to?
Intrauterine fetal death
True or False: Maternal diabetes can lead to fetal complications.
True
Fill in the blank: The presence of excess amniotic fluid is known as ______.
polyhydramnios
What is the most common cause of fetal hydrops? Hydrops fetalis is a serious fetal or newborn condition that occurs when abnormal amounts of fluid build up in two or more body areas, causing swelling. This swelling can interfere with organ function and often leads to infant death before or shortly after birth.
Rh incompatibility
Multiple choice: Which condition increases the risk of stillbirth? A) Gestational hypertension B) Maternal obesity C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the term for a birth defect that affects the structure of the heart?
Congenital heart defect
True or False: Intrauterine infections can lead to fetal complications.
True
Fill in the blank: A condition characterized by the presence of a single umbilical artery is known as ______.
single umbilical artery syndrome
What is the risk associated with maternal hypertension during pregnancy?
Preeclampsia
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for fetal complications? A) Smoking B) Advanced maternal age C) Regular prenatal care
C) Regular prenatal care
What is the term for the surgical procedure to deliver a baby through the abdomen?
Cesarean section (C-section)
True or False: Fetal alcohol syndrome is a result of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
True
Fill in the blank: The condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes in the fetus is known as ______.
aneuploidy
What is the most common chromosomal abnormality in live births?
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of preterm birth? A) Low birth weight B) Increased risk of infection C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the term for the fetal position in which the buttocks are positioned to exit the birth canal first?
Breech presentation
True or False: Maternal obesity can increase the risk of fetal neural tube defects.
True
Fill in the blank: The presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid can indicate ______.
fetal distress
What is the primary cause of fetal anemia?
Maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility
Multiple choice: Which of the following can lead to fetal congenital abnormalities? A) Maternal infections B) Environmental exposures C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the term for a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation?
Preterm infant
True or False: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a serious fetal complication.
True
Fill in the blank: The presence of a fetal heartbeat after 20 weeks of gestation is typically assessed using ______.
ultrasound
What is the significance of a non-stress test in monitoring fetal well-being?
To assess fetal heart rate response to movement
Multiple choice: Which complication is associated with maternal infection during pregnancy? A) Chorioamnionitis B) Gestational diabetes C) Placenta previa
A) Chorioamnionitis
What is the primary concern of fetal monitoring during labor?
Detecting fetal distress
True or False: Maternal thyroid disorders can impact fetal development.
True
Fill in the blank: The condition where the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus’s neck is known as ______.
nuchal cord
What is the term for a condition where the fetus has difficulty breathing after birth?
Respiratory distress syndrome
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential outcome of oligohydramnios? A) Limb deformities B) Higher birth weight C) Lower risk of complications
A) Limb deformities
What is the term for a fetal complication resulting from maternal high blood sugar levels?
Fetal macrosomia
True or False: Genetic counseling is recommended for families with a history of congenital anomalies.
True
Fill in the blank: The condition characterized by the presence of cysts in the fetal brain is known as ______.
ventriculomegaly
What is the role of folic acid during pregnancy in preventing fetal complications?
Reduces the risk of neural tube defects
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a fetal complication? A) Placental abruption B) Hyperemesis gravidarum C) Fetal hydrops
B) Hyperemesis gravidarum
What is the term for the abnormal positioning of the placenta over the cervix?
Placenta previa
True or False: Maternal infections can lead to fetal growth restriction.
True
What is Naegeles rule?
First day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year = estimated due date
What is the definition of maternal complications?
Maternal complications refer to health issues that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period that affect the mother.
True or False: Maternal complications can only occur during pregnancy.
False
Name one common maternal complication during pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes
What is preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, often the kidneys.
Fill in the blank: Maternal _____ refers to the health status of a woman during pregnancy.
health
Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine?
Preeclampsia
True or False: Maternal complications can lead to long-term health issues.
True
What is gestational hypertension?
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy without the presence of protein in the urine.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a maternal complication? A) Hemorrhage B) Anemia C) Osteoporosis
C) Osteoporosis
What is the primary risk associated with gestational diabetes?
The primary risk is the potential for the baby to be larger than average, leading to complications during delivery.
Fill in the blank: _____ is a serious maternal complication that can lead to seizures.
Eclampsia
What is the significance of prenatal care in preventing maternal complications?
Prenatal care helps monitor the health of the mother and fetus, allowing for early detection and management of potential complications.
True or False: Maternal complications can affect fetal development.
True
What is the term for the surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through the abdomen?
Cesarean section (C-section)
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for maternal complications? A) Age over 35 B) Regular exercise C) Balanced diet
A) Age over 35
What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?
Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects and supports cell growth during pregnancy.
Fill in the blank: Maternal _____ is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.
hemorrhage
What condition is characterized by the retention of fluid leading to swelling in the legs and feet during pregnancy?
Edema
True or False: Anemia during pregnancy can lead to complications for both mother and baby.
True
What is the primary goal of managing maternal complications?
The primary goal is to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the baby.
What are the potential effects of untreated hypertension during pregnancy?
Untreated hypertension can lead to serious complications such as preeclampsia, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction.
Fill in the blank: _____ is a maternal complication that involves the abnormal implantation of the placenta.
Placenta previa
What is the importance of postpartum care?
Postpartum care is essential for monitoring the mother’s recovery and identifying any complications that may arise after childbirth.
True or False: Maternal complications are only a concern for first-time mothers.
False
Name one way to reduce the risk of maternal complications.
Receiving regular prenatal care
What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?
To connect the fetus to the placenta and facilitate nutrient and gas exchange.
True or False: The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy.
True
Fill in the blank: The umbilical cord typically contains ____ arteries and ____ vein(s).
two, one
What is the name of the outer layer of the placenta?
Chorion
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta? A) Nutrient transfer B) Waste elimination C) Hormone production D) Blood filtration
D) Blood filtration
What is the average length of a normal umbilical cord?
About 55 centimeters (22 inches)
True or False: The umbilical cord contains maternal blood.
False
What structure surrounds the umbilical cord to protect it?
Amniotic fluid
Fill in the blank: The placenta develops from the ____ tissue.
trophoblast
What is the role of the umbilical vein?
To carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
Multiple Choice: Which component is NOT found in the umbilical cord? A) Wharton’s jelly B) Blood vessels C) Placental tissue D) Amniotic fluid
C) Placental tissue
True or False: The placenta is expelled from the body after childbirth.
True
What hormone is primarily produced by the placenta during pregnancy?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Fill in the blank: The umbilical arteries carry ____ blood.
deoxygenated
What is the condition called when the placenta is implanted too low in the uterus?
Placenta previa
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for the exchange of gases between maternal and fetal blood? A) Umbilical cord B) Chorionic villi C) Amniotic sac D) Fallopian tubes
B) Chorionic villi
What is the primary role of Wharton’s jelly?
To provide cushioning and support to the umbilical cord.
True or False: The placenta is responsible for the production of red blood cells in the fetus.
False
Fill in the blank: The placenta is anchored to the uterine wall by the ____.
decidua
What is the purpose of the amniotic fluid surrounding the umbilical cord?
To provide cushioning and protection for the fetus.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a fetal structure that develops from the ectoderm? A) Placenta B) Umbilical cord C) Amniotic sac D) All of the above
C) Amniotic sac
What is the primary method of nutrient transfer from mother to fetus?
Diffusion through the placenta.
True or False: The placenta acts as a barrier to all substances in maternal blood.
False
Fill in the blank: The placenta is formed from both maternal and ____ tissues.
fetal
What is the term for the fetal side of the placenta?
Chorionic plate
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a layer of the placenta? A) Decidua B) Amnion C) Chorion D) Allantois
D) Allantois
What type of blood does the umbilical vein carry?
Oxygenated blood
True or False: The placenta can produce hormones that affect the mother’s metabolism.
True
Fill in the blank: The umbilical cord is formed during the ____ of embryonic development.
first trimester
What is the name of the protective membrane surrounding the umbilical cord?
Amnion
Multiple Choice: Which nutrient is primarily transported to the fetus through the placenta? A) Oxygen B) Glucose C) Carbon dioxide D) Urea
B) Glucose
What is the role of the placenta in immunology?
It provides passive immunity to the fetus through maternal antibodies.
True or False: The umbilical cord is usually coiled.
True
Fill in the blank: The placenta is expelled during the ____ stage of labor.
third
What is the term for the blood vessels that branch out from the umbilical cord?
Umbilical arteries and vein
Multiple Choice: The placenta is primarily composed of which type of tissue? A) Epithelial B) Connective C) Nervous D) Muscle
B) Connective
What is the function of the decidua basalis?
It is the part of the endometrium that forms the maternal portion of the placenta.
True or False: The umbilical cord can have varying numbers of blood vessels.
True
Fill in the blank: The placenta is connected to the fetus via the ____.
umbilical cord
What is the main site of nutrient and gas exchange in the placenta?
Chorionic villi
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Oxytocin D) Prolactin
B) Progesterone
What is the main risk associated with a short umbilical cord?
Restricted fetal movement and potential complications during delivery.
True or False: The placenta is a temporary organ.
True
Fill in the blank: The umbilical cord is formed from the ____ of the embryo.
extra-embryonic mesoderm
What is the primary source of oxygen for the fetus in utero?
Maternal blood via the placenta.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterus? A) Decidua B) Myometrium C) Perimetrium D) Amniotic sac
A) Decidua
