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NICU Certification Review > Maternal Risk Factors and Birth History > Flashcards

Maternal Risk Factors and Birth History Flashcards

1
Q

What effects does chronic HTN have on mother?

A

⬆️vasospasm, ⬆️ CNS irritability, ⬆️risk convulsions, ⬆️ renal damage

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2
Q

How does CMV affect the fetus during pregnancy?

A

Retinochoroidotis, seizures, coma, microcephaly, IUGR, Encephalopathy

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3
Q

What effects does chronic HTN have on the fetus?

A

⬇️placental perfusion, low birth weight, preterm birth

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4
Q

What effects does renal disease have on the mother and fetus?

A

Maternal- ⬆️renal failure
Fetal- ⬆️risk IUGR/SGA
⬆️risk preterm birth

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5
Q

What effects does HSV have on the fetus?

A

Neonatal HSV, Hepatitis with jaundice, neurologic abnormalities

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6
Q

What effects does Syphilis have on the fetus?

A

⬆️fetal demise
Congenital Syphilis
IUGR
Non immune Hydrops

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7
Q

What is the leading cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and death in pregnancy?

A

Hypertensive disorders

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8
Q

What is HELLP?

A

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low platelets

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9
Q

What effects does HIV have on the fetus?

A

30% chance of transmission from infected mother

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10
Q

What effects does Chlamydia have on the pregnancy and fetus?

A

PROM, preterm labor, IUGR, chorioamnioitus, infertility

Conjunctivitis, pneumonia

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11
Q

What effects does gonorroeae have on the pregnancy and fetus?

A

Pelvic peritonitis, PROM

Sepsis, meningitis, conjunctivitis

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12
Q

What effect does Hepatitis B have on the fetus?

A

Eta abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, neonatal disease

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13
Q

What effects does toxoplasmosis have on the fetus?

A

(Cat feces)
Earlier transmission more catastrophic
Neurologic, IUGR, microcephaly

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14
Q

What causes thrombocytopenia in newborns?

A

⬇️platelets

Platelet destruction: Maternal autoantibodies, igG cfosses placebta and destroys fetal platelets

Neonatal conditions: infection, Rh incompatibility, thrombotic disorders, birth asphyxia, impaired platelet production

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15
Q

How is amniotic band syndrome associated with amniotic fluids?

A

If amniotic fluid has been leaking (oligydramnios) deformation can occur

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16
Q

What is olihydramnios?

A

Low amniotic fluid

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17
Q

What conditions should be watched for with olihydramnios?

A

Fetal genitourinary or lung anomalies

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18
Q

What is associated with polyhydramnios?

A

Chromosomal disorders, Gastrointestinal anomalies (fetus not swallowing fluid)

19
Q

What is polyhydramnios?

A

Too much amniotic fluid

20
Q

What is chorioamnionitis?

A

Infection of chorion, amnion and amniotic fluid. Usually associated with premature rupture of membranes

21
Q

What is biophysical profile?

A

NST, fetal breathing, gross body/limb movements, fetal tone and amniotic fluid
Lower number indicates asphyxia

22
Q

What is the significance of the biophysical profile?

A

8-10 normal
4-6 suspect chronic asphyxia and assess for delivery
0-2 strongly suspect chronic asphyxia and delivery indicated

23
Q

What does the alpha fetoprotein/triple quad screen indicate?

A

Performed at 15-20 weeks

Helps evaluate risk of the fetus to have abnormalities including trisomy 21 and neural tube defects

They involve all three tests with consideration of maternal age, weight, race and diabetes status

24
Q

What can an ultrasound diagnose?

A

Abnormalities of the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid and uterus.

Monitors changes in anatomy and growth

25
Q

What is a normal baseline FHR?

A

10 min with 110-160 bpm

26
Q

What is variability in the FHR?

A

Absent variability- no range in HR detected
Minimal variability- amplitude greater than undetectable but less that 5bpm
Moderate variability- 6-25 bpm
Marked variability- greater than 25 bpm

27
Q

What are decels?

A

Decrease in FHR in relationship to contractions

Early- category 1, normal decrease over at least 30 sec then return to baseline (head compression)
Late- category 3, fall in FHH during contraction and returns after contraction (uteroplacental insufficiency)
Variable- a quick drop in FHR less than 15 bpm and lasts 15 seconds (cord compression)

28
Q

What is fetal tachycardia during labor?

A

Category 2
Greater than 160 bpm for 10 min or greater

29
Q

What is bradycardia during labor?

A

Category 2 or 3

Less than 110 bpm for 10 min or greater

30
Q

What impact on the neonate does abruptio placenta?

A

The placenta separated from the uterine wall causing bleeding

Can cause loss of fetal heart tones, tachycardia, late or variable decels, decreased FHR variability

Anemia, hypoxia, hypovolemia

31
Q

What impact does umbilical cord prolapse have on the neonate?

A

Life threatening to the fetus! Cord falls below the presenting part is compressed

32
Q

What impact on the neonate does Breech position have?

A

Fetal anomalies, preterm fetus, fetal asphyxia or death and multiple pregnancy

33
Q

What are some complications of a breech delivery?

A

Prolapsed/compressed cord, asphyxia, genital damage if make, CND injuries

34
Q

Shoulder Dystocia and impact on neonate

A

Birth injuries, hypoxic injury, permanent brain or spinal cord injury and intrapartum or neonatal death

35
Q

How do analgesics affect the fetus?

A

Decreased variability of the FHR, neonatal respiratory depression

36
Q

How does anesthesia affect the fetus?

A

Neonatal respiratory depression, reaches fetus approx 2 min after induction

37
Q

How do tocolytics affect the fetus?

A

They slow labor to help get magnesium or steroids to a preterm mom in labor. In turn helping the fetus to develop further along

38
Q

How does maternal hemorrhage affect the neonate?

A

Causes mother to be anemic, fatigued and hypotension making it harder to care for newborn. Also affects milk supply

39
Q

How does meconium affect the neonate?

A

Can be inhaled into lungs causing respiratory issues and infection

40
Q

How does placenta previa affect the neonate?

A

Implantation if the placebta in the lower part of the uterus near or over the cervical os. Common cause of bleeding in the 2nd trimester

Perinatal mortality, fetal anemia, malpresentation, fetal growth restriction, prematurity, congenital malformations

41
Q

What impact do forceps and vacuum have on the neonate during delivery?

A

Clavicle fracture, facial palsy, scalp abrasions

42
Q

What impact does a c-section have in neonates?

A

Fetal compromise from anesthesia, preterm birth, TTN, PPHN, lacerations, bruising

43
Q

If a laboring mother, self reports repeated her when abuse and pregnancy, the nurse should suspect to see signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome within

A

? 24-72 hours

NICU Certification Review (3 decks)

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