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Midwifery Practice > Maternal observations > Flashcards

Maternal observations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of measurement for heart rate

A

Beats per minute (BPM)

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2
Q

What is tachycardia

A

when heart rate is greater than 100 bpm in an adult

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3
Q

What are the common causes of tachycardia

A

anxiety, increased body temperature, infection, pain

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4
Q

What is bradycardia

A

When the heart rate is less than 60 bpm in an adult

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5
Q

What are the common causes of bradycardia

A

Low body temp, effects of some medication, high level of fitness

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6
Q

Name the 6 different sites to take a pulse

A

Radial
Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Popliteal pulse
Femoral

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7
Q

Describe the process of taking a pulse

A

Gently press the artery against the bone, making sure to use fingers NOT thumb, count for one full minute, note the rate, rhythm and strength.

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8
Q

What could a weak or ‘bounding’ pulse indicate

A

Illness, poor circulation or raised BP

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9
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The force exerted on the wall of a blood vessel as blood is pumped around the body

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10
Q

What is blood pressure measured in

A

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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11
Q

What 4 things does blood pressure depend on

A
  • cardiac output
  • peripheral vascular resistance
  • blood volume
  • blood viscosity
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12
Q

What is peripheral vascular resistance

A

A resistance to the flow of blood determined by the tone of the vascular musculature and the diameter of the blood vessels

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13
Q

How does physiological changes in pregnancy affect cardiac output

A

increases cardiac output and circulating blood volume

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14
Q

How does physiological changes in pregnancy affect peripheral resistance

A

Progesterone works on smooth muscle to relax blood vessels reducing peripheral resistance

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15
Q

What can a high blood pressure lead to

A

Stroke, heart attack, kidney disease

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16
Q

What are pregnant women with high blood pressure more likely to suffer from

A

preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal death

17
Q

what can severe hypertension cause

A

seizures (eclampsia), brain damage and death

18
Q

What is the systolic blood pressure

A

The peak pressure when blood is pumped into the aorta as the left ventricle contracts

19
Q

What is the diastolic blood pressure

A

The minimum pressure when the aortic valve closes (when the heart relaxes)

20
Q

What does a blood pressure of more than 140/90 mmHg suggest

A

hypertension

21
Q

What does a blood pressure of less then 90/40 mmHg suggest

A

hypotension

22
Q

What are the potential causes of hypertension (6)

A

Exercise
stress
stimulants e.g. alcohol, caffeine
Obesity
Family history
pre-eclampsia

23
Q

What is a normal temperature

A

Between 36.5 - 37.5 degrees celcius

24
Q

What temperature is classed as pyrexia

A

Above 38

25
Q

What temperature is classed as hypothermia

A

Less than 36.5

26
Q

What is the normal core temperature

A

37

27
Q

What are the 3 sights for taking temperature

A
  • oral
  • axilla
  • tympanic
28
Q

What is the normal rate of respiration in an adult

A

12-20 breaths per minute

29
Q

What should you monitor with respiratory rate

A

Rate, rhythm and depth

30
Q

What is bradypnoea

A

Low respiratory rate

31
Q

What is tachypnoea

A

fast respiratory rate

32
Q

What affects respirations (8)

A
  • physiological effects of pregnancy and childbirth
  • exercise
  • fear
  • anxiety
  • pain
  • infection
  • medication
  • blood loss
33
Q

What is oxygen saturation

A

A measure of the amount of oxygen carrying haemoglobin in the blood against the non-oxygen carrying haemoglobin

34
Q

How is oxygen saturation measured

A

Using a pulse oximeter placed on finger or toe/foot

35
Q

What unit is oxygen saturation measured in

A

%

36
Q

What is a healthy SpO2

A

Above or equal to 95%

37
Q

What does MEOWS stand for

A

Modified Early Obstetric Warning System

38
Q

How is a MEOWS chart useful

A
  • improves detection and response to clinical deterioration in women
  • early detection of problems

Midwifery Practice (3 decks)

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