MATERNAL FINALS Flashcards
Irregular areas blue-black colorations on the infant’s lower back, buttocks, and anterior trunk.
MONGOLIAN SPOTS
Telangiectatic nevi
Flat deep pink localized area on back of the neck
STORK BITES
Nevus Vasculosus or Capillary Hemangioma
Elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and endothelial cells.
Head, neck trunk & extremities
STRAWBERRY MARKS
Nevus Flammeus
Large red purple lesion
Generally appear on the face or neck
PORT WINE STAIN
Cutis marmorata
Transient mottling of skin when exposed to decrease temperature
MOTTLING
Newborn rash
Small pink papular rash
Thorax, back, buttocks and abdomen
ERYTHEMA TOXICUM
Bruises
As a result of rupture of blood vessels
May appear at the presenting part as a result of trauma during delivery (breech)
May also indicate infection or bleeding problems
ECCHYMOSES
Pinpoint hemorrhages on skin
Due to increased vascular pressure, infection or thrombocytopenia
PETECHIAE
Outlined color change as infant lies on side, dependent side turns red and the other turns pale
Due to gravity and vasomotor instability or immature circulation
Other side pale, other side pink
HARLEQUIN SIGN
Tan or light brown macules or patches
No pathologic significance, if < 3 cm in length and < 6 in number
If > 3 cm or 6 in number it may indicate Cutaneous Neurofibromatosis
CAFE - AU - LAIT SPOTS
The space where more than two bones come together
FONTANELLES
2 TYPES OF FONTANELLES
ANTERIOR FONTANELLE
POSTERIOR FONTANELLE
Diamond shape (2.5- 4 cm) fontanelle; closes at 12 to 18 months
ANTERIOR FONTANELLE
triangular shape (0.5- 1 cm); closes at 2 months
Bulging fontanel due to crying & cough
POSTERIOR FONTANELLE
Edema of the soft scalp tissue at the presenting part of the head.
Due to pressure on the presenting part of the fetal head.
Crosses the suture line
CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM
Is a collection of blood between the periosteum of the skull bone and the bone
Caused by pressure of the fetal head against the maternal pelvis during a prolonged or difficult labor
Does not cross suture lines.
CEPHALHEMATOMA
Localized softening of the cranial bones
Caused by pressure of the fetal skull against the mother’s
pelvic bone in utero Can be indented by pressure of fingers
CRANIOTABES
Premature closure of the fontanelles
CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS
Until how many months must a newborn`s tear be absent
1-3 months
(+) Low nasal bridge indication
Down`s syndrome
(+) Low set ears indication
chromosomal defect & kidney anomaly
(+) White patches on tongue or side of the cheek indication
Candidiasis (oral thrush)
protruding tongue indication
chromosomal problems
shape of the Newborn’s abdomen
dome and cylindrical
(+) Scaphoid indication
diaphragmatic hernia
(+) Distended indication
LGIT obstruction/ mass
(+) Visible peristalsis indication
Hirschprung’s disease
(+) ventral/ dorsal indication
Hypo/epispadias
Testes: descended
(+) undescended indication
Cryptorchidism
(+) Small tuft of hair or dimpling at the base indication
Spina Bifida
extra digits on either fingers or toes
polydactyly
fusion of 2 or more digits
syndactyly
When the cheek or corner of the mouth is stroked, the infant’s head should turn towards the stimulus and the mouth should open.
rooting reflex
When touching or stroking the lips, the mouth opens and sucking movements begin.
sucking reflex
The passage of food from the posterior aspect of mouth to the stomach
Swallowing Reflex
When the posterior pharynx is stimulated with food, there is an immediate return of undigested food.
gagging reflex
When a substance is placed on the anterior portion of the tongue, it’ll be expelled out.
extrution
Protection of eye by rapid eyelid closure when the eyes are exposed to bright light.
blinking reflex
Nasal passage responds spontaneously to irritation or obstruction, persisting throughout life.
sneeze reflex
When you are showing an object to a newborn, normally eyes don’t move but the head turns to the right or left side towards the object.
doll`s eyes reflex
Pupil contracts when bright light shines, it persists throughout life
Pupillary reflex
Tapping briskly on the glabella(bridge of nose) causes eyes to close tightly.
glabellar reflex
Infant has spontaneous response to decreased oxygen by increasing the amount of inspired air, persists throughout life.
yawn reflex
Stroking outer sole of foot upward from heel and across ball of foot to hyperextend and hallux to dorsiflex.
babinski reflex
Turning the head quickly to one side while the baby is supine, arm and legs on the side the head is turned towards extent, arm and legs on the opposite side.
tonic neck reflex
If a baby’s spine is firmly stroked from tail to head, the baby will cry out and head will rise.
perez reflex
when the side of the infant’s spine is stroked or tapped while the infant lies on the stomach
galant reflex
When the objects are place in the palm of the newborn, it grasps the object.
palmar reflex
When objects touch the soul of the foot at the base of the toes, toes grasp around very small objects
plantar grasp
Hold the newborn in a vertical position with the feet touching a flat firm surface, there will be a rapid alternating flexion and extension of the legs.
Dancing or Stepping reflex:
When baby is held upright under arms and dorsal side of foot, it briskly places against hard objects such as table, leg lifts as if foot is stepping on the table, the age of disappearance varies.
placing reflex
The newborn head is suddenly allowed to drop backward an inch, there will be symmetric abduction and extension of the arms and legs with fanning of fingers.
Till 3 months
moro reflex
Psychosocial theory
Erik Erickson
Pyschocosexual theory
Sigmund Freud
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow
Moral Development theory
Lawrence Kohlberg
Cognitive Development
Jean piaget
Religious Development
(di mo masagot kasi demonyo ka)
James Fowler
(nasagot kasi binulungan ng demonyo)
Stages of Children`s Play
Mildred Parten Newhall
(nasagot kasi isip bata)
