Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Flashcards
What is maternal mortality?
Maternal mortality = death of a woman whilst pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of a pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy
What is maternal morbidity?
Maternal morbidity = severe health complications occurring in pregnancy and delivery not resulting in death
What is the UK incidence of maternal mortality?
9/100,000
What are some measures of maternal mortality?
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Maternal mortality ratio
- Number of maternal deaths during given time period per 100,000 livebirths during same time period
- Risk associated with each pregnancy, obstetric risk
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Maternal mortality rate
- Number of maternal deaths in given time period per 100,000 woman of reproductive age
- Not just obstetric risk, but also frequency to which woman exposed to that risk
-
Lifetime risk of maternal death
- Probability of maternal death during a woman’s reproductive life, usually expressed in terms of odds
- Woman’s chance of becoming pregnant as well as dying in pregnancy
-
Proportionate morality ratio
- Maternal deaths as proportion of all female deaths of those of reproductive age in a given time period
What is maternal mortality ratio?
- Number of maternal deaths during given time period per 100,000 livebirths during same time period
- Risk associated with each pregnancy, obstetric risk
What is maternal mortality rate?
- Number of maternal deaths in given time period per 100,000 woman of reproductive age
- Not just obstetric risk, but also frequency to which woman exposed to that risk
What is lifetime risk of maternal death?
- Probability of maternal death during a woman’s reproductive life, usually expressed in terms of odds
- Woman’s chance of becoming pregnant as well as dying in pregnancy
What is proportionate mortality ratio?
- Maternal deaths as proportion of all female deaths of those of reproductive age in a given time period
What are some methods for measuring maternal death?
- Facility based
- Health information systems
- Registries
- Audit
- Population/community based
- Notification by law
- Vital registration
- Surveys or surveillance
Why does maternal death occur?
- Direct deaths
- Obstetric complications during pregnancy or from any treatment
- Such as haemorrhage, sepsis, preeclampsia, obstructed labour or unsafe abortion
- Indirect deaths
- Associated with a disorder, the effect of which is exacerbated by pregnancy
- Such as malaria
- Most common (cardiac disease)
- Late deaths
- More than or 42 days of birth but within 1 year after
What underlying condition is most commonly the cause of maternal death?
Cardiac conditions
What are some socioeconomic causes of maternal death?
- Delay in decision to seek care
- Due to lack of understanding of complications
- Delay in reaching care
- Due to geography or lack of transport
- Delay in receiving care
- Due to supplies or personnel
What can be done to prevent maternal mortality?
- Antenatal care
- 4 visits monitoring weight, blood pressure, proteinuria, folic acid and malaria prophylaxis
- Skilled attendant at birth
- Emergency obstetric care
- Clean delivery, antibiotics, blood transfusion, caesarean section, manual removal or placenta
What is monitored in antenatal care?
- 4 visits monitoring weight, blood pressure, proteinuria, folic acid and malaria prophylaxis
What are the different definitions of perinatal mortality based on age?
- Stillbirth
- Birth of a dead baby after 20/24/28 weeks of gestation or weighing more than 500g
- Early neonatal death
- Death of a baby within the first week of life
- Late neonatal death
- Death of a baby within first 28 days of life
- Perinatal mortality
- Includes stillbirth and neonatal mortality
- Infant mortality
- Death of an infant within first year of life
- Child mortality
- Death of a child within the first 5 years of life
