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Luke S. > Materials Science > Flashcards

Materials Science Flashcards

1
Q

how many electrons can be held in orbitals s, p, d, and f?

A

2, 6, 10, 14

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2
Q

what are valence electrons?

A

outermost shell of an electron cloud

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3
Q

What types of elements create ionic bonds?

A

metals and nonmetals

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4
Q

What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?

A

They are transferred from atoms with few valence electrons to atoms that have nearly full valence electrons.

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5
Q

What orbitals dominate covalent bonding?

A

S and P

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6
Q

What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?

A

They are shared by atoms to fill shells.

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7
Q

What happens to electrons in metallic bonding?

A

Electrons freely drift around in a “sea of electrons”

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8
Q

what is given by the equation (1-e^-(((Xa-Xb)^2)/4))x100

A

Percent ionic character

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9
Q

What kind of bonds are in amorphous structures?

A

Ionic and Covalent

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10
Q

What kind of bonds are in crystalline structures?

A

metallic and ionic

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11
Q

How many atoms are in a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) structure?

A

9

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12
Q

How many atoms are in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) structure?

A

14

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13
Q

How many atoms are in a Simple Cubic (SC) structure?

A

8

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14
Q

What is the difference between BCC (body centered cubic) and BCT (body entered tetragonal)?

A

BCT is not a cube and has rectangular faces.

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15
Q

What is the equation for Atomic Packing Factor (APF)?

A

(volume of atoms)/(volume of unit cell)

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16
Q

What is the equation for theoretical density?

A

(nA)/(VcNa); where n is the number of atoms per unit cell, A is atomic weight, Vc is volume of the unit cell, and Na is Avigadro’s number.

17
Q

Rank the density of polymers, metals, and ceramics.

A

metals>ceramics>polymers

18
Q

What is a vacancy point defect?

A

when an atom is missing in the structure of a solid, so other atoms move to fill in the space.

19
Q

What is a interstitial point defect?

A

Extra atom squeezed into lattice. Can either be the same or different.

20
Q

What is the lattice direction equation of the image?

A
21
Q

Sketch the lattice direction vector based on the equations [100], [110] and [111].

A
22
Q

What is the lattice plane of the image?

A
23
Q

Sketch the lattice plane of (102)

A
24
Q

What does the equation [uvw] represent?

A

A lattice direction.

25
Q

What does the equation (uvw) represent?

A

A lattice plane.

26
Q

What is the equation J=-D(dC/dx)

A

The diffusion flux equation.

27
Q
A
28
Q

what is the equation Nv/N=e^[(-Q_D)/(kT)] used for?

A

Concentration of defects

29
Q

What is the equation for weight percent given compounds A and B?

A

C_B = [(mass of B)/(total mass)]x100

30
Q

What is the equation for atomic percent given compounds A and B?

A

C’_B = [(# atoms of B)/(total atoms)]x100

31
Q

What is the equation
J = [(mass)/(areaXtime)]
used for?

A

Diffusion Flux in steady state diffusion

32
Q

What are the properties of elastic deformation?

A

reversable and small load

33
Q

What are the properties of plastic deformation?

A

permanent and small load

34
Q

What is the difference between tensile engineering stress (omega) and shear engineering stress (tau)?

A

Tensile stress is pulling and shear is lateral pulling (sliding)

35
Q

What is the lever law used for?

A

Determining percent compositions of various phases at a given concentration and temperature on a phase diagram.

36
Q

What is the difference between eutectic and eutectoid phases?

A

Eutectic is higher temperature and the temperature line is when the first liquid phase forms. Eutectoid is lower temperature.

37
Q

What is the reason we use engineering stress/strain rather than true stress/strain?

A

Because nothing will ever be “ideal” in the real world, so engineering stress/strain is more useful in practical applications.

Luke S. (4 decks)

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