Materials Properties Flashcards
What are the 2 Non-Ferrous Alloys?
Brass and Solder
What are the 4 Pure Metals?
Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
What are the 4 Ferrous Alloys?
Cast iron, Mild Steel, Medium/High Carbon Steel, and Stainless Steel
What are the 5 Polymers?
Polypropylene, Polycarbonate, Acrylics, ABS and Nylon
What are the 2 Composites?
Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
What is the definition of STRENGTH?
The ability of a material to resist a force.
What is the definition of ELASTICITY?
The ability of a material to return to its original shape or length once an applied load or force has been removed.
What is the definition of PLASTICITY?
The ability of a material to change its shape or length under a load and stay deformed even when the load is removed.
What is the definition of DUCTILITY?
The ability of a material to be stretched without fracturing and be formed into shapes such as very thin sheets or very thin wire.
What is the definition of BRITTLENESS?
The property of being easily cracked, snapped or broken. Opposite of ductility and has little plasticity.
What is the definition of MALLEABILITY?
The ability of a material to be shaped, worked or formed without fracturing. Closely related to plasticity.
What is the definition of TOUGHNESS?
The energy absorbed by a material without fracturing and measured by the are under the stress-strain graph up to the point of failure.
What is the definition of HARDNESS?
The ability to resist erosion or surface wear.
What is the definition of RESILIANCE?
The energy absorbed by a material within its linearly elastic range and measured by the area under the stress-strain graph up to the yield point.
What is the definition of DENSITY?
A measure of how heavy an object is for a given size. i.e. the mass of a material per unit of volume.
What is the definition of CORROSION RESISTANCE?
How well a substance can withstand damage caused by oxidization or other chemical reactions.
What is the definition of ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY?
Determines how well a given material will conduct electricity.
What is the definition of THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY?
The intrinsic ability of a material to transfer or conduct heat.
What is HARDENING?
What are the changes in the properties?
Hardening: where the material is heated to a certain temperature (CT) and soaked completely, then quenched.
This increases the hardness, strength and brittleness.
What is CASE HARDENING?
What are the changes in the properties?
Case Hardening: similar to hardening except only the outer layer is heated and a certain amount of carbon is infused while the inside remains original.
Increases hardness, strength and brittleness however in different amounts.
What is TEMPERING?
What are the changes in properties?
Tempering: Heating to a CT usually lower than hardening, and left to air cool.
This relieves the internal stresses from hardening and reduces brittleness.
What is ANNEALING?
What are the changes in properties?
Annealing: Heated to a CT for a length of time and then cooled in different ways depending on the material.
This softens the material and increases ductility
What is NORMALIZING?
What are the changes in properties?
Normalizing: Heating the material to a temperature higher than hardening and air cooling before the hardening process.
This increases the hardness, strength and toughness.
Describe COLD DRAWN?
What properties are altered?
What are the uses?
Cold Drawn: Room temperature bar or coil being drawn through a die reducing the cross section of the original bar.
This increases UTS, Yield Stress and brittleness but decreases the toughness.
Uses = Tubes, Wires, Bars and Sheet metal
Describe BRIGHT DRAWN?
What properties are altered?
What are the uses?
Bright Drawn: Same as cold drawn but heated up.
Scale free surface.
Uses = Round, Square or Hexagonal Bars
Describe CASTING?
What properties are altered?
What are the uses?
Casting: Fills a mould with molten metal, cooled, removed from mould.
Not Ductile or Tough, need to be heat treated to be machined
Uses = Engine Cylinder Blocks, Mining Machinery, Gears.
Describe FORGING?
What properties are altered?
What are the uses?
Forging: Applying compressive forces to a piece to deform it and create a desired geometric change to the metal.
Increases strength, not limited to iron and steel.
Uses = Automotive components, Agricultural equipment, hand tools and hardware.
Describe PRESSING?
What properties are altered?
What are the uses?
Pressing: Flat sheet metal into a stamping press where a tool and a die surface forms the metal into a net shape.
Uses = Aerospace, Medical, Construction, Automotive, Commercial, Electronics, Marine, Agriculture.
