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Machine Design > Materials in Mechanical Design > Flashcards

Materials in Mechanical Design Flashcards

1
Q

The food of design

A

Materials

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2
Q

It refers to the one that performs well, is good value for money and gives pleasure to the user.

A

Successful product

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3
Q

Six broad classes of Engineering materials

A

Metals, Polymers, Elastomers, Ceramics, Glasses, Composites

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4
Q

This class has relatively high moduli.

A

Metals

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5
Q

Metals can be made strong through what method?

A

By alloying, by mechanical and heat treatment

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6
Q

A high-strength alloy with ductilities as low as 2%.

A

Spring steel

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7
Q

Metals are prey to fatigue partly due to what?

A

Their ductility

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8
Q

Of all classes of material, they are the least resistant to corrosion.

A

Metals

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9
Q

A class of engineering material that has high moduli but are brittle.

A

Ceramics and Glasses

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10
Q

They have no ductility and have low tolerance for stress concentrations or high contact stresses.

A

Ceramics

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11
Q

They are stiff, hard and abrasion-resistant. They retain their strength to high temperatures and they resist corrosion well.

A

Ceramics

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12
Q

They have low moduli, roughly 50 times less than those of metals, but can be as strong as metals.

A

Polymers and Elastomers

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13
Q

What is the property of polymer at 20 degrees celcius?

A

Tough and flexible

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14
Q

What is the property of polymer at 4 degrees celcius of a household refrigerator?

A

Brittle

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15
Q

What is the property of polymer at 100 degrees celcius of boiling water?

A

Creeps rapidly

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16
Q

What temperature do the polymers no longer have useful strength?

A

Above 200 degrees celcius

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. When combinations of properties, such as strength per-unit-weight, are important, polymers are as good as glasses.

A

FALSE [ Glasses - Metals ]

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18
Q

They are easy to shape, corrosion resistant, have low coefficients of friction and have large elastic deflections.

A

Polymers

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19
Q

This class combines the attractive properties of the other classes while avoiding some of their drawbacks.

A

Composites

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20
Q

They are light, stiff and strong, and can be tough.

A

Composites

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21
Q

Composites cannot be used above 250 degrees celcius because?

A

The polymer matrix softens

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22
Q

At what temperature do composites have outstanding performance?

A

Room temperature

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23
Q

Only when do the designers use composites?

A

When the added performance justifies the added cost

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24
Q

It defines the behavior of materials under the action of external forces.

A

Mechanical properties of materials

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25
Q

These external forces are also called as?

A

Loads

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26
Q

How do we determine the mechanical properties of metals ?

A

By the range of usefulness of the metal and establish the service that is expected.

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27
Q

What are the 7 most common properties?

A

Strength, ductility, hardness, brittleness, toughness, stiffness, Impact resistance

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28
Q

It is the ability to undergo some permanent deformation without rupture (brittle).

A

Plasticity

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29
Q

It is the ability of a material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed.

A

Elasticity

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30
Q

It is a property of materials which enables it to withstand permanent deformation.

A

Brittleness

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31
Q

It is a property of a material that enables it to withstand shock or impact.

A

Toughness

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32
Q

It is a property of a material which permits it to be hammered or rolled into sheets.

A

Malleability

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33
Q

It is a property of a solid body by virtue which they resist from being broken into a fragment.

A

Cohesion

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34
Q

It is a property that enables metals to resist deformation load.

A

Strength

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35
Q

It is the ability of a material to resist scratching, abrasion, cutting or penetration.

A

Hardness

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36
Q

It is the capacity of a material to withstand destruction under action of external loads

A

Strength

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37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The stronger the materials, the lesser the load it can withstand.

A

FALSE [ Lesser - Greater ]

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38
Q

Good examples of elastic materials

A

Heat-treated springs and rubber

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39
Q

It is also called dynamic hardness.

A

Rebound Hardness

40
Q

It is the ability of materials to oppose the scratches to the outer surface layer due to external force.

A

Scratch Hardness

41
Q

It is the ability of materials to oppose the dent due to punching or external hard and sharp objects.

A

Indentation Hardness

42
Q

It is the is the resistance of a material to elastic deformation or deflection.

A

Stiffness

43
Q

It is the ability of a metal
to resist suddenly applied loads.

A

Impact strength

44
Q

It is a property of a material which enables it to be drawn out into a thin wire.

A

Ductility

45
Q

It is the long effect of repeated
straining action which causes the strain or break of the material.

A

Fatigue

46
Q

It is used to describe the fatigue of material under repeatedly applied forces.

A

Fatigue

47
Q

Examples of malleable materials

A

Aluminum, copper, tin, lead

48
Q

It has high compressive strength but low in tensile strength.

A

Brittle metals

49
Q

Examples of brittle metals

A

Cast iron, glass

50
Q

It is a slow and progressive deformation of a material with time at a constant force.

A

Creep

51
Q

The simplest type of creep deformation

A

Viscous flow

52
Q

The force for a specified rate of strain at constant temperature.

A

Creep strength

53
Q

They are hard, non-adhesive, cold and
smooth, they are very often shiny and strong.

A

Metals

54
Q

A process by which metals react with oxygen in water and air

A

Oxidation or rusting

55
Q

A reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel, especially in the presence of moisture.

A

Rust

56
Q

Examples of metals that are toxic

A

Lead or mercury

57
Q

Metals can be divided into two main
groups

A

Ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals

58
Q

It is considered to be of little use as an engineering material because it is too soft and ductile.

A

Pure iron

59
Q

Some iron cools and changes from a liquid to a solid become misaligned,
creating areas of weaknesses called?

A

Dislocations

60
Q

It is a mixture of two or more chemical elements and the primary element is a metal.

A

Alloy

61
Q

By adding carbon to the iron however, we can produce a range of alloys with quite different properties called?

A

Carbon steels

62
Q

It has a carbon content between 0.1%
and 0.3%. Less ductile but harder and tougher than iron, grey color, corrodes easily.

A

Mild Steel

63
Q

It has a carbon content between
0.3% and 0.7% carbon. It is harder
and less ductile than mild steel, tough and have a high tensile strength.

A

Medium carbon steel

64
Q

It has a carbon content between 0.7%
and 1.3% carbon. It is very hard
and brittle material.

A

High carbon steel `

65
Q

An element that prevents rusting with an oxide film.

A

Chromium

66
Q

It is an alloy of iron (94%), carbon
(3%) silicon (2%) and some traces of magnesium, sulphur and phosphorous.

A

Grey Cast Iron

67
Q

A chemical element that makes the alloy magnetic and improves elasticity.

A

Silicon

68
Q

A chemical element that improves strength and prevents corrosion.

A

Nickel

69
Q

A chemical element that makes the alloy harder and heat-resistant.
It’s used to make stainless steel.

A

Manganese

70
Q

A chemical element that makes the alloy harder and tougher and more rustproof.

A

Chromium

71
Q

A chemical element that makes the steel harder, more heat-resistant
and prevents corrosion.

A

Tungsten

72
Q

They are metals that don’t contain iron.

A

Non-ferrous metals

73
Q

It’s the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust and after steel, is the most widely used of all the
metals.

A

Aluminum

74
Q

It’s a pure metal that is the world’s third most important metal, in terms of volume of consumption.

A

Copper

75
Q

It covers a wide range of
copper-zinc alloys.

A

Brass

76
Q

It has very
good anticorrosive properties and it’s
resistant to wear.

A

Brass

77
Q

It’s shiny and silvery white. It reacts
very strongly with oxygen.

A

Magnesium

78
Q

It doesn’t oxidize at room
temperatures and is very soft.

A

Tin

79
Q

It is toxic when its fumes are inhaled

A

Lead

80
Q

It’s an alloy of copper and tin.

A

Bronze

81
Q

It is a bluish grey shiny metal.

A

Zinc

82
Q

It contains Iron as a major component

A

Ferrous alloys

83
Q

It does not contain Iron as a major
component.

A

Non-ferrous alloys

84
Q

The major categories of manufacturing processes

A

– Metal Casting,
– Bulk/Metal Deformation,
– Sheet Metalworking/metal forming,
– Machining,
– Polymer Processing,
– Powder Metallurgy,
– Finishing and
– Assembly.

85
Q

Other non-value added processes of manufacturing processes

A

– Inspection,
– Testing, and
– Quality assurance.

86
Q

A manufacturing process that creates complex shapes from molten metal.

A

Metal casting

87
Q

It creates intricate wax patterns
that are coated with slurry, the wax melted out, then filled with molten metal.

A

Investment casting

88
Q

It uses permanent molds into which low melt point metals such as zinc are injected under pressure.

A

Die casting

89
Q

Two types of die casting machines

A

Hot and cold chamber

90
Q

It is used to transform bulk
materials in the form of billets, blooms, and slabs as they come from a mill into other shapes such as pipe or bars.

A

Metal deformation

91
Q

It is a common method for making
plastic bottles.

A

Blow molding

92
Q

This is a common method of making tires.

A

Polymer Processing

93
Q

It is another compression molding
technique in which the heated polymer is injected into the closed mold.

A

Transfer molding

94
Q

It encompasses many final operations
that make a part ready for assembly.

A

Finishing

95
Q

It is where the different parts that
compose a finished product come together.

A

Assembly

Machine Design (4 decks)

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