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MACHINE DESIGN > Materials for Machine Design > Flashcards

Materials for Machine Design Flashcards

1
Q

Food of design

A

Materials

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2
Q

one that performs well,
is good value for money and gives pleasure to
the user - uses the best materials for the job,
and fully exploits their potential and
characteristics: brings out their flavor, so to
speak

A

Successful product

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3
Q

6 broad classes of materials

A

Metals
Glass
Polymers
Elastomers
Ceramics
Composites

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4
Q

The classes are classified based on common features like

A

Similar properties
Similar processing routes
Similar applications

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5
Q

Classes of engineering materials that have relatively high moduli.
They can be made strong by alloying and by
mechanical and heat treatment, but they remain
ductile, allowing them to be formed by
deformation processes.

A

Metals

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6
Q

Characteristics of the fracture that a high strength alloy produce

A

Tough ductile fracture

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7
Q

Like metals, they too have high moduli, but these materials are brittle

A

Ceramics and glasses

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8
Q

‘strength’ in tension of ceramics and glasses means

A

Brittle fracture strength

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9
Q

Strength in compression of ceramics and glasses

A

Brittle crushing strength

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10
Q

Materials that have no ductility.They
have a low tolerance for stress concentrations
(like holes or cracks) or for high contact
stresses (at clamping points, for instance).

A

Ceramics

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11
Q

______materials accommodate stress concentrations by deforming in a way which
redistributes the load more evenly; and
because of this, they can be used under static
loads within a small margin of their yield strength

A

Ductile

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12
Q

_______materials always have a wide scatter in
strength and the strength itself depends on the
volume of material under load and the time
for which it is applied

A

Brittle

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13
Q

They are stiff, hard and abrasion-resistant (hence their use for bearings and cutting
tools); they retain their strength to high temperatures; and they resist corrosion well

A

Ceramics

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14
Q

They have moduli which are low, roughly 5O
times less than those of metals, but they can
be strong - nearly as strong as metals

A

Polymers and elastomers

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15
Q

combine the attractive
properties of the other classes of materials
while avoiding some of their drawbacks.
They are light, stiff and strong, and they
can be tough

A

Composites

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16
Q

define the behavior of materials under the action of
external forces called loads.

A

Mechanical properties of materials

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17
Q

Enumerate the mechanical properties of materials

A

Strength
Elasticity
Plasticity
Hardness
Toughness
Brittleness
Stiffness
Ductility
Malleability
Cohesion
Impact strength
Fatigue
Creep

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18
Q

mechanical property that
enables a metal to resist deformation load. It is its capacity to
withstand destruction under the action of
external loads

A

Strength

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19
Q

the ability
of an object or material to resume its normal
shape after being stretched or compressed.

A

Elasticity

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20
Q

ability to
undergo some permanent deformation
without rupture(brittle)

A

Plasticity

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21
Q

The resistance of a material to force penetration or bending. It causes materials to resist scratching, abrasion, cutting or
penetration

A

Hardness

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22
Q

the ability of materials to oppose the scratches to outer surface layer due to
external force

A

Scratch hardness

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23
Q

It is the ability of materials to oppose the dent due to
punch of external hard and sharp objects

A

Indentation hardness

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24
Q

also called as dynamic hardness.
It is determined by the height of “bounce” of a
diamond tipped hammer dropped from a fixed height
on the material

A

Rebound hardness

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25
Q

It is the property of a material which
enables it to withstand shock or impact.

A

Toughness

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26
Q

Mechanical properties of materials which enables it to withstand
permanent deformation. Causes materials to break rather than bend under shock
or impact.

A

Brittleness

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27
Q

the resistance of a material to
elastic deformation or deflection

A

Stiffness

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28
Q

a property of a
material which enables it to be drawn out
into a thin wire

A

Ductility

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29
Q

a property of a material which permits it to be hammered
or rolled into sheets of other sizes and
shapes

A

Malleability

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30
Q

a property of a solid
body by virtue of which they resist from
being broken into a fragment.

A

Cohesion

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31
Q

ability of a metal
to resist suddenly applied loads

A

Impact strength

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32
Q

the long effect of repeated
straining action which causes the strain or
break of the material

A

Fatigue

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33
Q

slow and progressive deformation of
a material with time at a constant force.

A

Creep

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34
Q

reaction with oxygen in water and air.

A

Oxidation or rusting

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35
Q

Metals are hard, non-adhesive, cold and
smooth,they are very often shiny and strong.
They are also ductille and malleable, do not
break easily. Metals are very good conductors
of electricity, sound and heat. When
temperature rises they expand, and when it
falls, they always contract. They can be easily
welded to other metals

A

Physical properties

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36
Q

Most metal are recyclable and some metals
such as lead or mercury are toxic and they
are a danger for humans being and for the
environment.

A

Ecological property

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37
Q

Metals with iron

A

Ferrous metal

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38
Q

Areas of weaknessess

A

Dislocation

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39
Q

An alloy of carbon and iron

A

Carbon steels

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40
Q

mixture of two or more chemical elements and the
primary element is a metal.

A

Alloy

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41
Q

carbon content between 0,1%
and 0,3%

A

Mild steel

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42
Q

less ductile but
harder and tougher than iron, grey colour,
corrodes easily.

A

Mild steel

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43
Q

Contains 0,3% and 0,7% carbon.

A

Medium carbon steel

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44
Q

it’s used
for the manufacture of products which
have to be tough and hard wearing like
gears, tools, keys, etc

A

Medium carbon steel

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45
Q

contains between 0,7%
and 1,3% carbon

A

High carbon steel

46
Q

Very hard and brittle material

A

High carbon steel

47
Q

It’s used for
cutting tools and products which have to
withstand wear such as guillotine, springs,
etc.

A

High carbon steel

48
Q

iron and chromium alloys, chromium
content between 13% and 27%.

A

Stainless steel

49
Q

______ prevents rusting with an oxide film

A

Chromium

50
Q

Used for cutlery, sinks, pipes,
car pieces, etc

A

Stainless steel

51
Q

94% Fe, 3% Si, 2% Mg, S, P

A

Grey Cast Iron

52
Q

brittle but
extremely hard and resistant, it corrodes by
rusting

A

Grey Cast Iron

53
Q

pistons, machinery parts, streets
lamps, drain covers, tools

A

Grey Cast Iron

54
Q

makes the alloy magnetic and improves
elasticity.

A

Silicon

55
Q

makes the alloy harder and heat-resistant.
It’s used to make stainless steel.

A

Manganese

56
Q

Chemical element added to alloy to improve strenght and prevents corrosion

A

Nickel

57
Q

makes the steel harder, more heat-resistant
and prevents corrosion

A

Tungsten (W)

58
Q

makes the alloy harder and tougher and
more rustproof.

A

Chromium

59
Q

It’s the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust

A

Aluminum

60
Q

Silvery white color, light, highly resistant
to corrosion, soft, malleable and ductile, low
density, good conductor of both electricity and
heat.

A

Aluminum

61
Q

high voltage power lines, planes, cars,
bicycles, light metal work. roofing and windows
and doors units, decoration, kitchen tools and
drink cans.

A

Aluminum

62
Q

It’s a pure metal that is the world’s third most
important metal, in terms of volume of
consumption.

A

Copper

63
Q

a reddish-brown metal, ductile and
moderately strong, very good conductor of
electricity and heat,It corrodes very easily

A

Copper

64
Q

Copper and zinc alloy

A

Brass

65
Q

It’s gold in color. It has very
good anticorrosive properties and it’s
resistant to wear

A

Brass

66
Q

It’s shiny and silvery white.

A

Magnesium

67
Q

It’s very light, soft and
malleable, but not very ductile. It reacts
very strongly with oxygen

A

Magnesium

68
Q

Fireworks, aerospace industry, car
industry.

A

Magnesium

69
Q

It’s a shiny white metal.
• Properties: It doesn’t oxidize at room
temperatures, it’s very soft.
• Uses: Soft-soldering, tin foil and tin plate.

A

Tin

70
Q

It’s a silvery grey metal.
• Properties: Soft and malleable. It’s toxic
when its fumes are inhaled.
• Uses: Batteries, it’s use as an additive in
glass for giving hardness and weight.

A

Lead

71
Q

It’s an alloy of copper and tin.
• Properties: High resistant to wear and
corrosion.
• Uses: Boat propellers, filters, church bells,
sculpture, bearings and cogs.

A

Bronze

72
Q

bluish grey shiny metal

A

Zinc

73
Q

Anticorrosive, not very hard,
weak at low temperatures

A

Zinc

74
Q

These materials are used for their electrical and thermal
conductivity, corrosion resistance, appearance and
color, and ease of working.
• They have the highest conductivity of the engineering
metals and are very ductile and easy to braze, and
generally to weld.

A

Copper

75
Q

contain small amounts of
various alloying elements such as beryllium,
chromium, zirconium, tin, silver, sulphur or
iron.

A

High copper alloy

76
Q

Element added to brass to enhance machinability

A

Lead

77
Q

Added to brass to enhance strength

A

Tin

78
Q

Copper zinc alloys are _______ up to about 37% zinc in the
wrought condition.

A

Single phase

79
Q

Alloys with more than about 37% zinc are___________, and have
even higher strength, but limited ductility at room temperature

A

Dual phase

80
Q

alloys of copper with
nickel, with a small amount of iron and
sometimes other minor alloying additions
such as chromium or tin.
• The alloys have outstanding corrosion resistance in waters, and are used extensively
in sea water applications such as heat exchangers, condensers, pumps and piping
systems, sheathing for boat hulls.

A

Copper nickel

81
Q

contain 55 – 65% copper
alloyed with nickel and zinc, and sometimes
an addition of lead to promote machinability.

A

Nickel silver

82
Q

Manufacturing process that is used in creating basic forms

A

Primary processes

83
Q

Manufacturing process used to alter or add features

A

Secondary process

84
Q

creates complex shapes from molten
metal

A

Casting

85
Q

Metal casting that uses permanent molds into which low
melt point metals such as zinc are injected under
pressure

A

Die Casting

86
Q

creates intricate wax patterns
that are coated with slurry, the wax melted out,
then filled with molten metal.

A

Investment casting

87
Q

The process was originally invented for making
jewelry and, sometimes referred to as the lost-wax
process, has become a method for casting complex
parts such as turbine blades.

A

Investment casting

88
Q

Type of casting machine for low melting metals such as zinc,
tin, and lead.

A

Hot chamber

89
Q

Type of die casting machine for metal melted in a chamber
separated from the machine.

A

Cold chamber

90
Q

Forging uses hydraulic die sets or open dies
and hammers to plastically deform usually hot
metal into net shapes, oftentimes starting with a rough approximation of the finished shape
called a blocked preform

A

Bulk/metal deformation

91
Q

transforms mill products into finished
raw materials such as I-beams, plates, and
sheets. The process may be performed hot or
cold,

A

Rolling

92
Q

Can produce moderately complex
shapes in parts that are up to 3 ft. long.

A

Forging

93
Q

used to further reduce bar stock and
improve surface characteristics and strength
through a cold, die puling process.

A

Bar drawing

94
Q

continues the process of bar drawing
by pulling ductile materials through increasingly
smaller dies to wind up with steel, aluminum, and
copper wire.

A

Wire drawing

95
Q

Sheet metal is cut into smaller straight-edged pieces
by ______

A

Shearing

96
Q

Sheet metal working /metal forming that gradually pushes the material into a die
cavity that deepens with each step through the die.

A

Drawing

97
Q

Sheet metal working /metal forming that creates holes and slots where needed

A

Punching

98
Q

Sheet metal working /metal forming that creates tabs and other features that run
perpendicular to the plane of the original material.

A

Bending

99
Q

Sheet metal working /metal forming that shears the finished part from the
remaining coil material that has served to carry the forming part through the die

A

Blanking

100
Q

Manufacturing process that uses various cutting tools, abrasive
wheels, as well as some unusual media such as
water or sparks, to remove material from
round and bar stock, castings, etc. to produce
accurate finished good

A

Machining

101
Q

include sawing, turning,
boring, reaming, etc. and are oftentimes
performed as secondary operations to clean
up parts or to create surfaces that are suitable
for assembly.

A

Machining

102
Q

one such process, where ductile metals
such as copper and aluminum are forced through
dies to produce common shapes such as copper
tubing or aluminum angles.

A

Extrusion

103
Q

Major categories of machining

A

Cutting, abrasives, non-traditional

104
Q

involves the forming of both
thermoset and thermoplastic materials usually by
molding but also by subtractive methods such as
machining.

A

Polymer processing

105
Q

In __________ of polymer processing, an elastomer charge is placed
between heated die halves which are subsequently
closed to force the material into the shape of the
cavity.

A

Compression molding

106
Q

________ uses an auger to soften plastic
pellets in a barrel and inject the resulting “shot”
under high pressure into a usually multi-cavity
mold.

A

Injection molding

107
Q

another polymer
processing method that shapes sheets or
films of thermoplastic into cavities or over
plugs usually using vacuum or air to pull or
push the softened material against the
mold surfaces.

A

Thermoforming

108
Q

common method for making
plastic bottles.

A

Blow molding

109
Q

used to produce large
hollow shapes such as kayaks by relying on
the centrifugal force imparted to molten
plastic as it spins within a rotating mold.

A

Rotomolding

110
Q

encompasses many final operations
that make a part ready for assembly

A

Finishing

111
Q

where the different parts that
compose a finished product come together.

A

Assembly

112
Q

Materials Selection Process

A
  1. Identify product design requirements
  2. Identify product element design requirements
  3. Identify potential materials
  4. Evaluate materials
  5. Determine whether any of the materials
    meet the selection criteria
  6. Select materials

MACHINE DESIGN (4 decks)

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