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Resistant Materials > Materials & Components > Flashcards

Materials & Components Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 properties of ferrous metals

A
  1. Most are magnetic
  2. Rust
  3. Contain iron
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2
Q

Name 2 properties of non-ferrous metals

A
  1. Doesn’t contain iron

2. Doesn’t rust but corrodes slowly

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3
Q

Name 3 examples of a ferrous metals

A
  1. Mild steel
  2. Stainless steel
  3. Carbon steel
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4
Q

Name 3 properties of mild steel

A
  1. Tough
  2. Malleable
  3. Magnetic
  4. Quite strong
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5
Q

Name 2 uses of mild steel

A
  1. Structural steel girders

2. Car body panels

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6
Q

Name 3 advantages of mild steel

A
  1. Easily to work with/join (especially for schools)
  2. Relatively cheap
  3. Widely available
  4. Can be recycled
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7
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of mild steel

A
  1. Will rust if left unprotected

2. Can’t be hardened or tempered (only case-hardened)

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8
Q

Name 3 properties of stainless steel

A
  1. Hard
  2. Tough
  3. Excellent corrosion resistance
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9
Q

Name 3 uses of stainless steel

A
  1. Cutlery
  2. Kitchen sinks
  3. Pots and pans
  4. Surgical instruments
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10
Q

Name 3 advantages of stainless steel

A
  1. Easily cleaned
  2. Does not need any surface finishing
  3. Can be recycled
  4. High-lustre finish
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11
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of stainless steel

A
  1. Dificulte to use/join in school workshop

2. Specialist welding equipment required for joining

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12
Q

Name 2 properties of carbon steel

A
  1. Harder than mild steel

2. Ductile

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13
Q

Name 3 uses of carbon steel

A
  1. Nails
  2. Screws
  3. Nuts
  4. General ironmongery
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14
Q

Name 2 advantages of carbon steel

A
  1. Can be hardened & tempered

2. Can be recycled

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15
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of carbon steel

A
  1. Not as easy to work

2. Rusts

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16
Q

Name 3 examples of non-ferrous metals

A
  1. Aluminium
  2. Copper
  3. Zinc
  4. Brass
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17
Q

Name 3 properties of aluminium

A
  1. Lightweight
  2. Soft
  3. Ductile
  4. Malleable
  5. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  6. Good corrosion resistance
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18
Q

Name 3 uses of aluminium

A
  1. Window frames
  2. Soft drink cans
  3. Kitchen foil
  4. Used in alloys
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19
Q

Name 3 advantages of aluminium

A
  1. Can be easily drawn into thin wires and sheets
  2. Can be recycled
  3. Easily cast
  4. Lightweight
  5. Corrosion-resistant
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20
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of aluminium

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Difficult to weld (specialist equipment needed)
  3. Not as strong as steel
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21
Q

Name 3 properties of copper

A
  1. Malleable
  2. Ductile
  3. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  4. Corrosion-resistant
  5. Relatively soft
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22
Q

Name 3 uses of copper

A
  1. Electric cables
  2. Plumbing fittings and pipes
  3. Hot water cylinders
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23
Q

Name 3 advantages of copper

A
  1. Easily drawn into thin wires
  2. Can be recycled
  3. Easily soldered
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24
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of copper

A
  1. Expensive

2. Will tarnish (change colour) over time

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25
Q

Name 2 properties of zinc

A
  1. Excellent resistance to corrosion

2. Hard

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26
Q

Name 2 uses of zinc

A
  1. Protective coverings for railings and dustbins

2. Negative battery terminals

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27
Q

Name 3 advantages of zinc

A
  1. Can be recycled
  2. Requires less energy to be extracted then other metals
  3. Durable
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28
Q

Name a disadvantage of zinc

A

Brittle

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29
Q

Name 3 properties of brass

A
  1. Good resistance to corrosion
  2. Good fluidity, casts well
  3. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  4. Quite strong
  5. Ductile
  6. Malleable
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30
Q

Name 2 uses of brass

A
  1. Plumbing fittings

2. Marine fittings

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31
Q

Name 3 advantages of brass

A
  1. Can be polished to achieve high-lustre finish
  2. Tougher than copper
  3. Can be recycled
  4. Easily cast and turned
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32
Q

Name a disadvantages of brass

A

Relatively expensive

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33
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Metal that’s formed by mixing 2 or more metals (and sometimes others elements) together

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34
Q

How is mild steel composed?

A

Mostly iron (99.8%) with little bit of carbon (0.2%)

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35
Q

How is brass composed?

A

Roughly 2/3s copper (65%) and 1/3 zinc (35%)

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36
Q

Define ductility

A

Ability to be drawn or stretched into thinner, smaller sections

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37
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a ductile metal

A

Electrical cables

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38
Q

Define malleability

A

Ability to be deformed by compression without tearing or cracking

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39
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a malleable metal

A

Car body panels

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40
Q

Define hardness

A

Ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation

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41
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a hard metal

A

Kitchen sinks

Tools (e.g. chisels, hand saws, scribers, etc)

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42
Q

Define toughness

A

Ability to withstand sudden and shock loading without fracture

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43
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a tough metal

A

Nails, screws

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44
Q

Define elasticity

A

Ability to return to original shape once deforming force is removed

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45
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a elastic metal

A

Springs

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46
Q

Define the strength: tension

A

Ability of a material to withstand being pulled apart

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47
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a tensile strong metal

A

Nails, screws, nuts and bolts

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48
Q

Define the strength: compression

A

Ability of a material to withstand being squashed

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49
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a compressive strong metal

A

Car body panels

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50
Q

Define the strength: shear

A

Ability of a material or joint, to withstand being slid or pulled apart

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51
Q

Give an example of product that needs to made from a shear strong metal

A

Security shear nuts

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52
Q

What is a composite?

A

Combination of two or more materials bonded together

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53
Q

What is purpose of a composite

A

They combine the strengths of different materials to create an even better (useful) material

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54
Q

What is glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) made from?

A

Made from glass fibres bonded with polyester resin

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55
Q

Name 3 properties of carbon fibre

A 
Light
Conducts electricity 
High tensile strength
Tough
High strength-to-weight ratio
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56
Q

Name 3 uses of carbon fibre

A
  1. Skis
  2. Racket frames
  3. Fishing rods
  4. Bike frames
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57
Q

Name 3 advantages of carbon fibre

A
  1. High strength-to-weight ratio
  2. High tensile strength
  3. Can be woven in different patterns to create aesthetically pleasing surface patterns
  4. Weave of cloth can be chosen to maximise strength and stiffness of final component
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58
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of carbon fibre

A
  1. Very expensive
  2. Brittle - weak when compressed, squashed, or when experiences high shock
  3. Small air bubbles/imperfections = weak spots, reducing overall strength
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59
Q

What is carbon fibre made out of?

A

Carbon fibres (similar to GRP) bonded with polyester resin

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60
Q

Name 3 properties of GRP

A
  1. Lightweight
  2. Durable
  3. Good strength-to-weigth ratio
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61
Q

Name 3 advantages of GRP

A

Can be formed into almost 3D shape
Good resistance to US light and sea salt
Low maintenance
Endless colours can be achieved

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62
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of GRP

A

Difficult to repair
Time-consuming to make
Cutting it produces fine dust that is dangerous to breathe in
Extraction required due to toxic nature of materials involved

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63
Q

Name 3 uses of GRP

A
  1. Boats
  2. Car bodies
  3. Canoes
64
Q

Name 3 types of wood

A
  1. Hardwoods
  2. Softwoods
  3. Manufactured Boards
65
Q

Hardwoods are often closed ____

A

grained

66
Q

Name 4 types of hardwoods

A
  1. Oak
  2. Mahogany
  3. Beech
  4. Ash
67
Q

Name 3 properties of oak

A
  1. Hard
  2. Tough
  3. Durable
68
Q

Name 3 uses of oak

A
  1. Boat building
  2. High-quality furniture
  3. Garden benches
69
Q

Name 3 advantages of oak

A
  1. Finishes well (light in colour)
  2. Water resistant
  3. Very strong and tough
70
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of oak

A
  1. Contains an acid with corrodes with steel
  2. Moderately difficult to work with (open and course grain)
  3. Very heavy as it so dense
71
Q

Name 3 properties of mahogany

A

Durable
Fairly strong
Very hard

72
Q

Name 3 uses of mahogany

A

Indoor furniture
Window frames
Veneers

73
Q

Name 3 advantages of mahogany

A

Relatively easy to work with
It is relatively light when compared to oak or maple
One of the hardest woods

74
Q

Name 3 disadvantage of mahogany

A

Prone to warping
Expensive
Moderately difficult to work with = have to go with grain

75
Q

Name 3 properties of ash

A

Tough
Flexible
Good elasticity

76
Q

Name an advantage of ash

A

Flexible

77
Q

Name a disadvantage of ash

A

Can become a bit splintered

78
Q

Name 3 uses of ash

A

Sports equipment
Ladders
Laminated furniture

79
Q

Name 2 properties of pine

A
  1. Lightweight

2. Soft

80
Q

Name 3 advantages of pine

A
  1. Easy to saw and carve as pine is soft
  2. Generally affordable
  3. The close grain of the wood makes it fairly strong
81
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of pine

A
  1. Prone to warping
  2. Knots can fall out and leave holes
  3. Texture is not as firm as hardwoods
82
Q

Name 3 advantages of man-made boards over softwoods/hardwoods

A
  1. Allows bigger sheets to be produced than could be cut by a tree
  2. More stable
  3. Free from defects
83
Q

Describe the structure of plywood

A
  1. Made up layers of softwood/hardwood

2. Glued together with their grain at right angles

84
Q

Name 2 properties of plywood

A
  1. Very strong in all directions

2. Resistant to splitting ∵ layers in alternate directions

85
Q

Name 3 uses of plywood

A
  1. Boat building
  2. Drawer/wardrobe bottoms
  3. Tea chests
86
Q

Name 3 advantages of plywood

A
  1. Available in large sheets
  2. Thicker sheets will not warp/twist
  3. Thin sections can be laminated to create 2D shapes
87
Q

Name a disadvantage of plywood

A

Thin sheets = very flexible ∴ they warp if not correctly stacked/supported

88
Q

Describe how chipboard is made

A

Made by compressing wood chips together with glue

89
Q

Name 2 properties of chipboard

A
  1. Not very resistant to water

2. Not very strong

90
Q

Name 3 uses of chipboard

A
  1. Large floor boards for loft spaces
  2. Shelving
  3. Kitchen worktops
91
Q

Name an advantage of chipboard

A

It’s cheap

92
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of chipboard

A
  1. Soaks up water

2. Will chip/flake on edges if not protected

93
Q

Describe how MDF is made

A

Made with tinier wood particles, glued and compressed together

94
Q

Name 3 properties of MDF

A
  1. Very dense
  2. Stable and not affected by humidity
  3. Will break down & absorb water if it gets very wet
95
Q

Name 3 uses of MDF

A
  1. Drawer bottoms
  2. Shelving units
  3. Kitchen units
96
Q

Name 2 advantages of MDF

A

Cheap and has smooth faces that are easy to paint

97
Q

Name a disadvantage of MDF

A

Not very good with water because ti soak it up at edges

98
Q

Describe hardboard’s aesthetics

A

Side very smooth and underside textured

99
Q

Describe how hardboard is made

A

Made from compressed fibres (soaked in resin) compressed together

100
Q

Name 3 uses of hardboard

A
  1. Drawer bottoms
  2. Cabinet backs
  3. Smoothing out uneven floors
101
Q

Name an advantage of hardboard

A

It’s cheapest of manufactured boards

102
Q

Name a disadvantage of hardboard

A

Not very strong as it has no grain

103
Q

Name 3 properties of acrylic

A
  1. Good impact strength
  2. Lightweight
  3. Durable
104
Q

Name 3 uses of acrylic

A
  1. Ornamental fish tanks
  2. Baths and bathroom furniture
  3. Car indicator covers
105
Q

Name 3 advantages of acrylic

A
  1. Can be recycled
  2. Available in numerous of colours
  3. Polishes and finishes well
106
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of acrylic

A
  1. Relatively soft
  2. Scratches easily
  3. Poor chemical resistance
107
Q

Name 3 properties of polythene

A
  1. Tough
  2. Resistant to chemicals
  3. Soft and flexible
108
Q

Name 3 uses of polythene

A
  1. Carrier bags
  2. Toys
  3. Shampoo bottles
109
Q

Name 3 advantages of polythene

A
  1. Can be recycled but not easily
  2. Excellent chemical resistance
  3. Good electrical insulator
110
Q

Name a disadvantages of polythene

A

Most of it ends up in landfills

111
Q

Name 3 properties of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)

A
  1. Good chemical resistance
  2. Lightweight
  3. Good electrical insulator
112
Q

Name 3 uses of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)

A
  1. Pipes
  2. Bottles
  3. Electrical cable insulation
113
Q

Name 3 advantages of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)

A
  1. Can be recycled
  2. Relatively cheap to manufacture
  3. Tough
114
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)

A
  1. Very expensive to recycle

2. Dangerous fumes given off when burnt

115
Q

Name 3 properties of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)

A
  1. Tough
  2. High impact strength
  3. Rigid
116
Q

Name 3 uses of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)

A
  1. Toys
  2. Cutlery
  3. DVD and CD cases
117
Q

Name 3 advantages of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)

A
  1. Available in numerous of colours
  2. Can be machines and printed
  3. Can be recycled
118
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Limited flexibility
  3. Will not biodegrade
119
Q

What are 3 properties of ABS?

A
  1. High impact strength
  2. Tough
  3. Scratch-resistant
120
Q

Name 3 uses of ABS

A
  1. Kitchenware
  2. Camera cases
  3. Toys
121
Q

Name 3 advantages of ABS

A
  1. Available in numerous of colours
  2. Lightweight
  3. Good resistance to chemicals
122
Q

Name a disadvantage of ABS

A

Relatively expensive when compared with polystyrene

123
Q

Name 4 thermoplastics

A
  1. Acrylic
  2. Polythene
  3. Polyvinyl chloric (PVC)
  4. ABS
124
Q

Name 2 thermosetting plastics

A
  1. Polyester resin

2. Urea formaldehyde

125
Q

Name 3 properties of polyester resin

A
  1. Hard
  2. Brittle
  3. Good heat and chemical resistance
126
Q

Name 3 uses of polyester resin

A
  1. Casting
  2. Adhesives
  3. Filler materials
127
Q

Name 3 advantages of polyester resin

A
  1. Resists UV radiation
  2. Can be mixed with pigments to achieve range of colours
  3. Good resistance to water
128
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of polyester resin

A
  1. Contracts on curing

2. Can cause excess heat when too much catalyst is used

129
Q

Name 3 properties of urea formaldehyde

A
  1. High tensile strength
  2. Hard
  3. Stiff
130
Q

Name 3 advantages of urea formaldehyde

A
  1. Can be coloured
  2. High surface hardness
  3. Stain-resistant
131
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of urea formaldehyde

A
  1. Toxic fumes given off when it cures

2. Brittle

132
Q

Name 3 uses of urea formaldehyde

A
  1. Tableware
  2. Buttons
  3. Electrical casings
133
Q

What is meant by plasticity?

A

The ability to change shape without cracking or breaking

134
Q

What is meant by durability?

A

The ability to withstand weathering deterioration or corrosion

135
Q

Name two plastics that have plasticity

A
  1. ABS

2. Acrylic

136
Q

Are all plastics durable?

A

Generally yes, but some will fade in colour over time if exposed to UV for long time

137
Q

Explain one reason why ABS plastic needs the property of plasticity

A

So it can be easily injected under pressure into mould

138
Q

Name 3 uses of carbon fibre

A
  1. Skis
  2. Fishing rods
  3. Bike frames
139
Q

What are smart materials?

A

Materials that change their properties when their environment changes

140
Q

Name 4 smart materials

A
  1. Shape memory alloy
  2. Photochromic paint
  3. Reactive glass
  4. Carbon nanotubes
141
Q

Describe how shape memory alloy is a smart material

A

Easily be shaped when cool, but returns to ‘remembered’ shape when heated above certain temperature

142
Q

Name 3 uses of shape memory alloy

A
  1. Glasses
  2. Anti-scalding valves
  3. Orthodontic wires
143
Q

What is the benefit of using shape memory alloy in glasses

A

If they’re accidentally bent, can be placed in hot water and they’ll jump back into shape

144
Q

Name 3 advantages of shape memory alloy

A
  1. Good elasticity
  2. Strong in tension
  3. Lightweight
145
Q

Name a disadvantage of shape memory alloy

A

Relatively expensive to make in comparison to stainless steel or aluminium

146
Q

Describe how photochromic paint is a smart material

A

Changes colour when exposed to UV light/sunlight & when removed it goes back to its original colour

147
Q

Name 2 uses of photochromic paint

A
  1. Clothes

2. Painting on vans

148
Q

Name an advantage of photochromic paint

A

Changes colour in response to UV exposure

149
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of photochromic paint

A
  1. Amount of change is dependent upon level of UV falling on it
  2. Overtime, ability to change will decay (aka natural fatigue)
150
Q

What is reactive glass?

A

Glass that can change colour in repose to exposure to UV light or applied voltage - change inc colour is reversible

151
Q

Name 2 uses of reactive glass

A
  1. Sunglasses

2. Windows

152
Q

Name 2 advantages of reactive glass

A
  1. Ability to change colour in response to UV or an applied voltage
  2. Replaces needs for separate reading and sunglasses
153
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of reactive glass

A
  1. Expensive to manufacture
  2. Smart glass = expensive to install
  3. Time delay of photochromic glasses = cause difficulties when driving
154
Q

Name 3 uses of carbon nanotubes

A
  1. Clothes
  2. Sports equipment
  3. Police/military body armour
155
Q

Name 3 advantages of carbon nanotubes

A
  1. Super tensile strength
  2. Electrical conductors
  3. Tough
  4. Chemically inert
156
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of carbon nanotubes

A
  1. Expensive to manufacture

2. Toxic nature may prevent potential applications in world of medicine

Resistant Materials (4 decks)

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