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Physics > Materials (booklet 1) > Flashcards

Materials (booklet 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Elastic behaviour

A

When the deforming force is removed, the material returns to its original shape

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2
Q

Plastic behaviour

A

When the deforming force is removed, and the material doesn’t return to its original shape

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3
Q

Elastic limit

A

This is the limit up to which a material can be stretched, and still return to its original shape

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4
Q

Ductile

A

A material that can be permanently stretched and drawn into wires

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5
Q

Brittle

A

A Material that can’t be permanently stretched as it breaks shortly after the elastic limit. It’s strong under compression weak on the tension.

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6
Q

Fracture

A

A material that breaks due to force applied

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7
Q

Elastic hysteresis

A

The area between the curves in the hysteresis is equal to the energy lost in stretching the material causing the temperature to increase. Eg rubber and elastic band.

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8
Q

Strong

A

A material that takes a lot of force to break it

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9
Q

Stiff

A

A material that doesn’t deform much when a force is applied to it.
Tensile stiffness- stretching
Compressive stiffness- squishing

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10
Q

Malleable

A

A material that can be hammered into shape

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11
Q

Creep

A

A material that deforms over time due to stress

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12
Q

Fatigue

A

A material that suffers structural damage due to repeated loading and unloading

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13
Q

Density

A

Is defined as mass per unit volume of a material

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14
Q

Equation to calculate density

A

Density= mass/volume

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15
Q

Hookes law

A

The extension produced by a wire is directly proportional to the force applied up to the limit of proportionality

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16
Q

Equation for hookes law

A

Force= spring constant x change in extension

17
Q

Unit for spring constant

A

Nm-1

18
Q

What does the area under force/extension graph represent

A

Work done

19
Q

Equation for elastic potential energy

A

E=1/2 F change in x

20
Q

Stress equation

A

Stress= force/cross sectional area
Units= Pa or Nm-2

21
Q

Strain equation

A

Strain=extension/ original length
No units

22
Q

Young’s modulus (E) equation

A

E= stress/strain
Units=Pa

23
Q

Units for density

A

Kg m-3

24
Q

Units for mass

A

Kg

25
Q

Units for volume

A

M3

26
Q

Units for spring constant (k)

A

Nm-1

27
Q

Units for force (F)

A

N

28
Q

Units for change in extension (delta X)

A

m

29
Q

What does the spring constant (K) mean about a material

A

How stiff the material is. The longer the material the more stiff, the thicker the material (higher cross sectional area) the more stiff it is

30
Q

What is units for stress

A

Pascal (Pa) which is equal to Nm-2

31
Q

What does having a steep gradient in a stress/strain graph show

A

Has a high Young’s modulus

Physics (3 decks)

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