Materials assessment y10 Flashcards
Physical properties
the traits a material has before it is used
absorbency
the ability to soak up moisture, light or heat, e.g. natural materials (such as cotton or paper) tend to be more absorbent than man made materials (acrylic or polystyrene)
density
how solid a material is. measured by dividing mass (grams) by volume (cm^3)
fusibility
the ability of a material to be heated and joined to another material when cooled, eg webbing is fusible and can be welded onto fabrics
electrical condutivity
the ability to conduct electricity, eg copper is a good conductor of electricity
thermal conductivity
the ability to conduct heat, eg steel is a good heat conductor
bleed proof paper physical properties
white, can be textured, thin
bleed proof paper working properties
coated to stop colour seeping, ink stays bright on the surface
cartridge paper physical properites
thick, textured, rough
cartridge paper working properties
expensive and opaque, used for ink and watercolour
textile categories
-natural fibres
-synthetic fibres
-blended and mixed fabrics
-woven fabrics
-non woven fabric
-knitted textiles
plant based natural fibres - cotton
cotton: white, fluffy, soft, absobent, cool to wear
-examples: shirt, underwear, denim
animal based natural fibres - wool
-wool: animal fibres are spun into yarn. easy to dye + available in many colours and textures. warm, crease resistant.
-examples: jumpers, coats, suits
animal based natural fibres - silk
-silk: very fine fibre from cocoon of the silk worm. readily takes dye. Soft, fine finish, gentle on skin, feels cool in summer and warm in winter, absorbent, strong when dry.
-examples: luxury clothing + bed sheets
synthetic fibres (crude oil) - polyester
-polyester: tough strong, hard wearing. Hold colour well, non absorbing so quick drying.
-examples: clothing, fleece garments, carpets
synthetic fibres (crude oil) - polymide
-polyamide (nylon) : versatile fabric, good strength, hardwearing, non-absorbent.
-examples: clothing, ropes, parachutes sports materials
synthetic fibres (crude oil) - elastane (LYCRA)
-elastane: stretchy, allows freedom of movement, quick drying.
-examples: sportswear, exercise clothing, swimwear, hoisery
Woven Textiles
- yarns are woven together to form fabrics
-the commonly used types are plain weave and twill weave - a loom weaves two threads - the warp and the weft - at right angles to each other
- the self-finished edge is known as the selvedge, stops fabric from fraying.
Non-woven textiles
- a sheet of web fibres are bonded thermally, chemically or mechanically. example: disposable face mask
Non-woven textiles (felted fabric)
-felted fabric: Randomly matted fibres, often wool, available in many thicknesses and colours. Formed with moisture, heat and pressure, can be shaped as it has no elasticity or drape, used for hat making.
Toughness
The ability to absorb energy through shock without fracturing
Ductility
The ability to be stretched out or drawn into a strand without snapping.
Elasticity
The bility to return to its original state afer being compressed or stretched.
Strength
The ability of a material to withstand a force such as pressure, tension or shear.
Hardness
The ability to resist abrasive wear and indentation through impact, Very hard materials can become brittle.
Malleability
The ability to deform under pressure without cracking splitting or tearing.
Grid Paper
Physical properties: White paper printed with a variety of grids, e.g. isometric, graph etc
Working properties: Lines are usually blue but can be darker to trace through
Layout Paper
Physical properties: Smooth finish, off-white colour, translucent (see-through)
Working properties : Takes most media well
Tracing Paper
Physical properties: Translucent (see-through), smooth
Working properties: Shiny, takes pencil well
Corrugated card
Physical properties: Paper bonded to the outside
Working properties: Corrugations make it strong, protective and insulating; used in packaging
Duplex board
Physical properties: Two layers of card bonded together
Working properties: Stiff, lightweight and printable for packaging
Foil lined Board
Physical properties: White card with foil backing
Working properties: Stiff and oil resistant, foil backing reflects heat, used for food containers
Foam core board
Physical properties: Smooth surface, laminated with white board
Working properties: Thick and rigid, available in a variety of thicknesses, prone to creasing and cracking, used for models and mounting photographs
Inkjet card
Physical properties: Bright white and smooth on both sides
Working properties: Deep colours as the photographic ink sits on the surface
Solid White Board
Physical properties: Smooth on both sides
Working properties; Stiff, can be cut or scored
Hardwood
deciduous
-loses leaves in winter
-broad leaves
-grows very slowly
Softwood
Coniferous
-needles and cones
-keeps leaves all year round
Beech
Tool handles: it is more elastic and is very resistant
Mahogany
Instruments: it an produce a very deep warm tone and wont break easily
Oak
tables: durable, strong, and sturdy
Balsa
model airplanes: lightweight, and also strong
Pine
furniture: it offers a good deal of stiffness strength and shock resistance
Larch
fence posts: it is stable and durable
Spruce
furniture: affordable and quite cheap
MDF
handles humididty better, strong doesn’t get damaged easily
Plywood
Beams: high impact- strong
DSB
flooring: cheap, durable
