Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry - C15 > Materials and their Properties > Flashcards

Materials and their Properties Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a ceramic?

A

Ceramics are non-metal solids with high melting points that aren’t made from carbon-based compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What is clay used to make?
  2. What properties of clay make it useful for this?
A
  1. Pottery and bricks
  2. When wet, clay can be moulded into different shapes. When it is fired at high temperatures, it hardens to form a clay ceramic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give some properties of glass.

A
  • usually transparent
  • can be moulded when hot
  • can be brittle when thin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is soda-lime glass made?

A

By heating a mixture of limestone, sand and sodium carbonate (soda) until it melts. When the mixture cools, it comes out as glass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the melting point of soda-lime glass higher or lower than that of borosilicate glass?

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is borosilicate glass made?

A

A mixture of sand and boron trioxide is heated until it melts. When the mixture cools, it comes out as glass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a composite?

A

A composite is made of one material embedded into another. Fibres or fragments of material (REINFORCEMENT) are surrounded by a MATRIX acting as a binder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FIBREGLASS
1. Name the reinforcement and matrix that make up fibreglass.
2. Name two properties of fibreglass that come from its components.
3. Name some uses of fibreglass.

A
  1. Reinforcement = glass fibres
    Matrix = polymer (plastic)
  2. Low density (like plastic), very strong (like glass)
  3. Used in surfboards, skis and boats.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CARBON FIBRE
1. What matrix is used in carbon fibre composites?
2. What reinforcement is used in carbon fibre composites? [two options]
3. Name two properties of carbon fibre composites.
4. Name some uses of carbon fibre composites.

A
  1. Polymer
  2. Long chains of carbon atoms bonded together (carbon fibres) OR carbon nanotubes
  3. Very strong, light
  4. Used in aerospace and sports car manufacturing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CONCRETE
1. Name the reinforcement and matrix.
2. Name a property of concrete.
3. Name a use of concrete.

A
  1. Reinforcement = aggregate (any material made from fragments - usually sand/gravel are used in concrete)
    Matrix = cement
  2. Strong
  3. Used as a building material (e.g in skate parks, pavements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WOOD
Name the reinforcement and matrix in wood.

A

Reinforcement = cellulose fibres
Matrix = organic polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two factors influence a polymer’s properties?

A

HOW it’s made and WHAT it’s made from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two factors influence a polymer’s properties?

A

HOW it’s made and WHAT it’s made from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What reaction conditions are used to make low density poly(ethene)?

A

Moderate temperature, high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is low density poly(ethene) flexible or rigid?

A

Flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name some uses of low density poly(ethene)

A

Plastic bags, water bottles

15
Q

Name some uses of low density poly(ethene)

A

Plastic bags, water bottles

16
Q

What reaction conditions are used to make high density poly(ethene)?

A

Lower temperature than that used to make low density poly(ethene).
Lower pressure
Catalyst

17
Q

Give two uses of high density poly(ethene)

A

Water tanks, drainpipes

18
Q

What is a monomer?

A

The repeating unit of a polymer.

19
Q

THERMOSETTING vs THERMOSOFTENING POLYMERS
1. Describe the differences between the structure of a thermosetting and a thermosoftening polymer.
2. Can thermosoftening polymers be melted and remoulded when heated?
3. Can thermosetting polymers be melted and remoulded when heated?

A
  1. The monomers in a thermosetting polymer can form cross-links between the polymer chains, holding them together in a rigid structure. Thermosoftening polymers contain individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between chains.
  2. Yes
  3. No - they are strong, hard and rigid.
20
Q

Name some properties of a ceramic.

A
  • insulators of heat and electricity
  • brittle
  • stiff
21
Q

Name some properties of polymers.

A
  • flexible (can be bent without breaking)
  • insulators of heat and electricity
  • easily moulded
22
Q

Name some properties of metals.

A
  • malleable
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • ductile (can be drawn into wires)
  • shiny
  • stiff

Chemistry - C15 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions