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Materials and their Properties Flashcards

1
Q

Each ___ has its own characteristics and properties.

A

Materials

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2
Q

Industrial companies consider the properties of materials in choosing the correct ___ materials.

A

raw

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3
Q

The greatest structures since ___ century are made of ___ material?

A

19th / Metal

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4
Q

It is one of the strongest, cheapest, and hugely versatile materials, metals are integral building blocks of today’s skyscrapers and industries.

A

Metal

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5
Q

What material is lustrous or shiny material that can be hammered into sheets, drawn into wires, and bent into any shape?

A

Metal

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6
Q

What material is a good conductor of heat and electricity?

A

Metal

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7
Q

What is one of the strongest materials?

A

Metal

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8
Q

What material is used in airplane construction?

A

Aluminum

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9
Q

What material is low in density and does not corrode?

A

Aluminum

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10
Q

What is made from copper because it is a very good conductor of electricity?

A

Electrical Wires

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11
Q

What is another metal that is suitable for use as the filament of a light bulb?

A

Tungsten

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12
Q

What does not melt even at a very high temperature?

A

Tungsten

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13
Q

The pure form of what material is weak?

A

Metal

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14
Q

What are pure metals mixed with alloys?

A

To make the weak pure metals strong.

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15
Q

Give four examples of pure metals.

A

iron, copper, magnesium, aluminum

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16
Q

What material is an alloy of iron and carbon?

A

Steel

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17
Q

What material is used in cars and buses because it is a very strong material that is easy to press into the required shape?

A

Steel

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18
Q

When metal ores are strip-mined, it creates large areas of ___ and ____ land.

A

barren, lifeless

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19
Q

Metal extraction leaves ___ ___ that scars the landscape.

A

waste material

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20
Q

Another harmful effect of metal used is the ___ of metal items in dumpsites that are not recycled or properly managed.

A

proliferation

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21
Q

The ___ metal compounds leach out of ___ and ___ the environment, posing danger and health risks to ___ and even humans.

A

toxic, waste material, pollute, wildlife

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22
Q

___ and ___ Products that we use now have been improved through technology.

A

Polymers and Composites

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23
Q

___ and __ are mostly made up of synthetic materials.

A

Polymers and Composites

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24
Q

Most synthetic materials are produced from ____ materials to make better and improved materials.

A

petrochemical

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25
Q

Petrochemical materials come from ___.

A

petroleum

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26
Q

What materials are materials that are created through the processing of various natural substances which occur in nature?

A

Synthetic materials

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27
Q

Give at least four examples of synthetic materials.

A

Plastics, nylon, rubber strand, and glass

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28
Q

Give 3 more synthetic materials.

A

Teflon, polystyrene, and ceramics

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29
Q

___ are formed when chemical bonds link large numbers, either hundreds or even thousands, of ____ in a repeating chain or pattern.

A

Polymers, monomers

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30
Q

A ___ is built from one or more monomers.

A

Polymer

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31
Q

The chemical properties of a polymer depend on the ___ from which it is made.

A

monomers

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32
Q

Give 3 examples of polymers.

A

Plastic, rubber, painting

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33
Q

Plastics may be sourced by either ____ or ____ means.

A

Natural, Synthetic

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34
Q

Plastics are made from chemicals known as ____ _____, and ____.

A

phenols, hydrocarbons, formaldehyde

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35
Q

Natural sources of plastics include plant ___, tree ___, an animal’s ____, ___, and an insect’s ___.

A

cellulose, resins, horn, milk, shellac

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36
Q

Synthetic polymers or plastics may be derived from ___ oil, ___, and ___ gas.

A

crude, coal, natural

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37
Q

Plastics can be used for storing food like ___ plastic containers.

A

microwavable

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38
Q

___ can be molded easily due to the high melting point.

A

Plastics

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39
Q

What materials are good substitutes for metals and woods because they are resistant to rust and do not decompose easily?

A

Plastic

40
Q

Most plastics do not ___; they are _-___.

A

decay, non-biodegradable

41
Q

___ plastics is not a good solution because plastics are made from chemicals that produce ____ gases when burned.

A

burning, poisonous

42
Q

____ Plastics can combine with other materials.

A

Composites

43
Q

When plastic combines with either paper or fiber, it can form a new product called ___.

A

composites

44
Q

___ are combinations of two or more substances with different properties that work better than the original materials.

A

composites

45
Q

__-___ concrete is a popular example of a composite material.

A

non-biodegrable

46
Q

To produce this composite, ___ is poured around a ___ of ___.

A

concrete, mesh, steel cables

47
Q

____ is made of resin or sap obtained from rubber trees. This resin is enhanced, ___, and ___ to form the rubbers we know.

A

Rubber, manufactures, and molded

48
Q

Rubbers are ___ thus, they can be stretched.

A

elastic

49
Q

Rubbers are also ___ of heat, thus, they can be used in preserving the cold temperature of water in your water jug.

A

insulators

50
Q

Ceramic materials also include ___ and ___.

A

clay, glass

51
Q

Clay is a fine-grain soil that combines one or more ___ minerals with traces of ___ ____ and ___ matter.

A

clay, metal materials, organic

52
Q

Glass is a ___ material derived from ___ (silica) that is melted under extreme heat and then cooled.

A

crystalline, quartz

53
Q

____ are shiny and transparent but be careful not to drop them because they are also brittle.

A

Glasses

54
Q

In ancient times, glass products made an important role as ___, as well as creative and ___ pieces, an example of which is the rock ___ ewer.

A

utensils, artistic, crystal

55
Q

___ has a number of specific natural characteristics.

A

Wood

56
Q

Wood has ___ and ___, which is the effect of humidity on the tree where the wood comes from.

A

color, density

57
Q

Wood is ___ and can be bent or twisted into special shapes.

A

flexible

58
Q

It is relatively ___ in weight compared to steel, yet has good ___ and is very ___.

A

light, strength, firm

59
Q

Wood has ___ and ___—properties that made it ideal to be used in building houses, making furniture, and also as an accessory or natural element to other items, like utensils and musical instruments.

A

rigidity, toughness

60
Q

Though hard, ___ can be carved into beautiful woodcrafts. Wood materials are also good insulators (absorbents) of heat.

A

Wood, insulators

61
Q

Our clothes are made of ___, ___, and ___strands called ___.

A

tiny, strong, elongated, fibers

62
Q

There are two types of fibers, ___ occurring and ___ fibers.

A

naturally, sythetic

63
Q

Naturally occurring fibers are fibers derived from ___ and ____.

A

plants, animals

64
Q

___ (Ceiba pentandra), a seed fiber tree that grows here in the country, is a source of hollow and waterproof fibers that are used for life preservers, parkas, and even as filling materials for pillows.

A

Kapok

65
Q

___ ___, like wool from sheep or fleece from goats, has superior insulation and heat retention properties.

A

Animal fibers

66
Q

Animal fibers consist mainly of ___ and are sourced from ___ (silk fiber), sheep ___ (fur fiber), animal ___ (collagen fiber), and ___ (chitin).

A

protein, silkworms, wool, skins, crustaceans

67
Q

Synthetic fibers or ___ fibers, on the other hand, are man-made.

A

artificial

68
Q

Synthetic fibers are usually derived from ____ and other ___ materials such as ___ oil.

A

plastic, raw, petroleum

69
Q

___ can be used alone or mixed with natural pulp which case can provide products.

A

Fibers

70
Q

What are the three commonly used synthetic fibers?

A

Polyester, Aramid, Acrylic

71
Q

___ fiber is characterized by high strength and superior heat and water resistance.

A

Polyester

72
Q

___ fiber is characterized by high strength and modulus of elasticity as well as superior impact, wear, heat, and chemical resistance.

A

Aramid

73
Q

___ fiber is characterized by heat resistance, dyeability, dimensional ability, and chemical resistance.

A

Acrylic

74
Q

___ provides us with energy that is derived from nutrients.

A

Food

75
Q

Food nutrients include ___ (sugar) and ___, which are the body’s source of immediate energy: ___, which help the growth and development of muscles and bones; and __ and ___ that boost our bodies’ defense against illnesses and diseases.

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

76
Q

Food additives, either ___ or ___, are added to food to provide added nutrients; to improve the quality of color, flavor, or texture; and to prevent or delay spoilage.

A

natural, syntheitic

77
Q

However, many food additives have no nutritional value. These also include ___, ___ in low-calorie products, and ___ and ___ that slow down product spoilage while maintaining a desirable taste.

A

emulsifier, sweetener, preservatives, antioxidants

78
Q

___ is one of the first and most striking qualities of the appearance of food. It helps us to decide whether to accept or reject particular food.

A

Color

79
Q

Many ___ additives have been found to cause asthma, migraines, thyroid cancers, and thyroid damage.

A

coloring

80
Q

___ are also used in giving certain characteristics to food and improving texture and taste while the food is being processed.

A

Additives

81
Q

___ enhancers Monosodium glutamate (MSG), commonly known as ___, is a substance extracted from grains or beets.

A

Flavor, vetsin

82
Q

_ _ _ brings out and enhances food flavors, thus it is used mainly in savory products and in a wide variety of oriental dishes.

A

MSG

83
Q

But ___ is linked to adverse reactions in the human body such as headaches and allergic reactions.

A

MSG

84
Q

Food additives, called ___ and ___, in products such as margarine, low-fat ice cream, salad dressings, and mayonnaise, prevent the separation of ingredients in these food products.

A

Emulsifiers and stabilizers

85
Q

___, such as gelatin or pectin, help increase the viscosity of any substance that is used to make food. They are added to food such as salad dressings and flavored milk.
____ gives a sweet taste to any food substance. Low-calorie products and special dietary products, such as those for diabetics, make use of sweeteners.

A

Thickness, Sweeteners

86
Q

___, ___, or medical supplies are special products that treat us when we are sick.

A

Medicines, drugs

87
Q

Medicines can appear in the form of ___ and ___.

A

solid, liquid

88
Q

___ medicines can either refer to tablets or encapsulated medicines that are usually given to teenagers and adults.
___ medicines in bottles are given to infants and children like you because they are easier to ingest; infants may choke on medicines in tablet or capsule form.

A

Solid, Liquid

89
Q

___ refers to the number of chemicals found in medicine. The amount of dosage given to a person depends on his/her age. Infants to children have a little amount of dosage while adolescents to adults have a higher amount of dosage. The dosage of medicines is indicated on the product label. The chemicals are the materials found in medicines. The action of the medicine, therefore, depends on its chemical and the disease or illness it is treating. For instance, in tonsillitis (swelling of tonsils), antibiotic treats the infection caused by bacteria that live in our tonsils. Analgesics, on the other hand, relieve pain in any part of our body. Medicines are vital for us, but when used improperly they could also be fatal. Remember to not take medicines without the prescriptions of your doctor, do not self-medicate, and do not take medicines with high dosages.

A

Dosage

90
Q

The amount of dosage given to a person depends on his/her ___.

A

Age

91
Q

Infants to children have a ___ amount of dosage while adolescents to adults have a __ amount of dosage.

A

little, higher

92
Q

The chemicals are the materials found in ___.

A

medicines

93
Q

The action of the medicine, therefore, depends on its ___ and the ___ or ___ it is treating.

A

chemical, disease, illness

94
Q

___ treats the infection caused by bacteria that live in our tonsils.

A

Antibiotics

95
Q

___ relieves pain in any part of our body.

A

Analgesics

96
Q

Medicines are vital for us, but when used ___ they could also be fatal. Remember to not take medicines without the ___ of your doctor, do not self-medicate, and do not take medicines with ___dosages

A

improperly, prescriptions, high

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