Materials And Their Applications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of a school shirt?

A

Strong, hard wearing, comfortable, easy to care for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a fibre?

A

A fine hair-like thread that can be spun with others to make a yarn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a synthetic fibre?

A

A fibre made entirely from synthetic polymers based on oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by being Sustainable?

A

Ensuring that all aspects of design and manufacturing dont have a negative impact on the environment or human lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a natural fibre?

A

A fibre that comes from natural cellulose or protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a regenerated fibre?

A

A fibre from natural cellulose that has been chemically modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain of molecules made up of fibre forming atoms that are linked together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are woven or knitted fabrics made?

A

Fibres are twisted (spun) together to make a yarn and then from there they can be used to make a woven/knitted fabric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Natural fibres:
What are plant fibres made from?
What are animal fibres made from?

A

Cellulose
Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Natural plant fibres examples:

A

Cotton, linen and ramie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural animal fibres examples:

A

Wool and silk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of regenerated fibres:

A

Mostly made from natural cellulose from wood pulp or waste cotton fibres too short to be spun into a yarn so chemically treated to modify the cellulose so it can be made into fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of regenerated (first generation manufactured fibres)

A

Viscose, rayon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of second generation fibres?

A

Modal and lyocell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most environmentally fibre?
Rayon
Viscose
Lyocell

A

Lyocell are more environmentally friendly fibres because they are manufactured using a closed-loop system that reuses chemicals in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The joining together of small molecules to form long Chains of molecules

17
Q

What is a yarn?

A

Long continuous strands made by twisting many individual fibres together

18
Q

What are smart materials?

A

Materials that are able to react to external stimuli or changes in their environment without human intervention

19
Q

How are man-made fibres made?

A

They are made from synthetic polymers that come mainly from oil. The synthetic polymers are made by joining smaller molecules together to form a long chain (process called polymerisation)

20
Q

What are aramid fibres?

A

Technical fibres that have additional strength and durability they are stable and tear resistant. For example Kevlar is used to make stab proof and bullet proof vests

21
Q

What are inorganic fibres?

A

Come from glass, metal, ceramics and carbon, and are used for specialist applications like micro-encapsulated and nano-fibres

22
Q

What are some conditions smart materials react to?

A

Light, heat and power

23
Q

What are reactive materials?

A

They react to changes such as loss of heat or presence of pollutants (many used in health and safety or sportswear applications)

24
Q

What are photochromic fabrics?

A

They are dyed using specific types of dye that respond to changes in UV light (can be used to warn wearer of need for sun protection)

25
Q

What are phase changing materials?

A

Able to regulate body temperature cooling down in hot conditions and warming up when it gets cooler (used for garments in extreme climates such as those worn by mountaineers)

26
Q

What are microfibres?

A

Extremely fine synthetic fibres mainly polyester and polyamide. Very lightweight, soft, drape well, used for a variety of clothing.

27
Q

What are microfibres often blended with?

A

Natural fibres to give high performance fabrics for outdoor and sports use. (Tactel is a polyamide microfibre, e.g. tactel aquator and Tactel Diablo)

28
Q

What are nano-fibres?

A

Can be applied to fabric as a finish (protect from stains + make fibre more absorbent) they are very tiny size of a micron to a single polymer molecule

29
Q

Micro-encapsulated fibres+fabrics

A

Contain health + cosmetic chemicals. When fibres are rubbed chemicals are slowly released and absorbed into skin e.g. caffeine-encapsulated tights stimulate leg veins reduces risk on deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

30
Q

Info on methods for investigating and testing materials

A

Manufacturers carry out tests to check the potential fabrics have the performance properties required.
Recommended by the British standard Institute BSI
These state performance codes (bold) for a product material or process.
for example:
waterproof clothing - keep the wearer dry
Fabric for hotel sheets - stand up to repeated laundering
Designers give fabric specifications
Method of testing must be reliable and consistent