Materials and their application Flashcards
What are the two principal categories of material properties?
Mechanical and physical
What are mechanical properties?
They are associates with how a material reacts to an external force
What are physical properties?
They are associated with the actual make-up or structure of the material
Compressive strength
The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces
Tensile strength
The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces (tensions)
Shear strength
The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane
Bending strength
The ability to resist forces that may bend the material
Torsional strength
The ability to withstand twisting forces
Hardness
The ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching or indentation
Toughness
The ability to absorb impact force without a fracture
Plasticity
The ability to be permanently deformed and retained the deformed shape
Ductility
The ability to be drawn out under tension reducing the cross-section area without cracking it
Malleability
The ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking or breaking. increases with rise of temperature
Ferrous metals
A metal containing iron and carbon, they are magnetic and will rust
Examples of ferrous metals
Low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and cast iron
Non-ferrous metals
A metal not containing metal and it doesn’t rust and isn’t magnetic
Examples of non ferrous metals
Aluminium, copper, zinc, gold, titanium and tin
Alloy
An alloy is a metal made out of two or more metals or combining two or more metal elements
Examples of alloys
Ferrous alloys: Stainless steel, and die steel
Non-ferrous alloys: Bronze, brass duralumin a pewter
Hardwoods
A wood from a deciduous tree, which is very slow growing and loses there leaves
Examples of hardwoods
Oak, ash, mahogany, teak, birch and beech
Softwoods
A wood from an coniferous tree which are fast growing and tend to be evergreen
Examples of softwoods
Pine, spruce, douglas fir, cedar, redwood and larch
Manufactured board
A man made wood based composite materials
Examples of manufactured board
Plywood, chipboard and MDF
Thermoplastics
These are materials that be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled
Examples of thermoplastics
LDPE, HDPE, PP, HIPS, PVC and ABS
Thermosetting polymers
A material that when heated undergoes a chemical change. they cannot be reheated or reshaped even under high temperatures.
