Materials And Processes - Chapter 3

Question 1

The mass of an engineering material per unit of volume (kg/m³ or lb/ft³) is also known as:

Answer 1

density

Question 2

The thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree measure by celsius (°C), kelvin (K), or fahrenheit (°F) is known as:

Answer 2

specific heat

Question 3

The quantity of heat transmitted per unit area by a material of a given thickness and temperature gradient is known as:

Answer 3

thermal conductivity

Question 4

In general, materials with high melting temperatures and strong bonds between atoms have a ________ than materials with lower melting points and weaker bonds between atoms.

Answer 4

lower coefficient of thermal expansion

Question 5

Electrical conductivity is an expression of how well materials conduct electrical current. Materials that can conduct electricity under certain circumstances and not others are called:

Answer 5

semiconductors

Question 6

Electrical conductivity is an expression of how well materials conduct electrical current. Materials that are covalently bonded where the electrons are not free to move about to conduct electricity are called:

Answer 6

resistors

Question 7

Materials that exhibit a strong attraction to magnetic fields and are able to retain their magnetic properties even after the magnetic field has been removed are referred to as:

Answer 7

ferromagnetic

Question 8

Which of the following materials is considered to be diamagnetic?

Answer 8

Copper

Question 9

Material that is clear and allows light to pass through is considered

Answer 9

transparent

Question 10

Material that is cloudy and only allows part of the light to pass through is considered:

Answer 10

translucent

Question 11

Material that does not allow light to pass through is considered:

Answer 11

opaque

Question 12

The optical properties of a material refer to the response of the material to electromagnetic radiation, particularly:

Answer 12

visible light

Question 13

Metals are transparent to high-end frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum, including which of the following?

Answer 13

X-rays

Question 14

When an applied load does not exceed yield strength of the material and the material returns to its original configuration after the load is removed, this is known as:

Answer 14

elastic deformation

Question 15

When a load exceeds the yield strength of the material and the material does not return to its original configuration after the load is removed, this is known as:

Answer 15

plastic deformation

Question 16

One of the most common tests for evaluating the strength of a material is the:

Answer 16

tensile test

Question 17

The maximum energy that can be absorbed per unit volume without creating a permanent distortion is known as:

Answer 17

modulus of resilience

Question 18

What material property is measured that is indicative of a material’s ability to resist permanent deformation or penetration with an indenter under load?

Answer 18

Hardness

Question 19

Vickers, knoop, rockwell, and brinell are all examples of what type of material property test?

Answer 19

Hardness

Question 20

The initiation of cracks at nucleation points, such as stress concentration points or inclusions, which begin to grow under cyclic loading until they are large enough to cause failure of a material, is called:

Answer 20

fatigue