Materials and Processes Flashcards
What is the proper type of nondestructive inspection to use for locating surface cracks in an aluminum alloy casting or forging?
Zyglo or dye penetrant.
What inspection method would be most appropriate for checking a nonferrous metal part for intergranular corrosion?
Eddy current inspection.
What inspection method would be most appropriate for checking the internal structure of an airplane wing for corrosion?
X-ray inspection.
How does filiform corrosion usually appear on an aircraft structure?
As thread-like lines of puffiness under a film of polyurethane or other dense finish system topcoats.
What inspection method would be most appropriate for checking a steel landing gear component for stress cracks?
Magnetic particle inspection.
What type of inspection is best suited for detecting a fault within a piece of nonferrous metal?
Ultrasonic inspection.
Explain the procedure to use when making a dye penetrant inspection of a part.
Clean the part thoroughly, apply the penetrant, and allow it to soak for the recommended dwell time. Remove all of the penetrant from the surface and apply the developer.
Why is it important that all parts be thoroughly cleaned before they are inspected by the dye penetrant method?
Any grease or dirt in a fault will keep the penetrant from seeping into the fault.
Explain the procedure to use when performing a magnetic particle inspection of a part.
Thoroughly clean the part, magnetize it as directed by the appropriate service manual, flow the indicating medium over the surface, and inspect it under a “black” light. When the inspection is complete, thoroughly demagnetize the part.
Why is it necessary to magnetize a part both circularly and longitudinally when inspecting a steel part by the magnetic particle method?
To detect faults that extend across as well as lengthwise within the part.
Does circular magnetization detect faults that are across or lengthwise to the part?
Lengthwise.
Why is it important that all engine parts which have been inspected by the magnetic particle method be completely demagnetized?
If the parts are not completely demagnetized, they will attract steel particles that are produced by engine wear and will cause damage to bearing surfaces.
What is the principle of eddy current inspection?
A current is induced into the metal being tested by a test probe. The amount of induced current is determined by the conductivity, mass, and permeability of the material, and the presence of any faults or voids.
Why is it important that a piece of aluminum alloy be quenched immediately after it is removed from the heat-treating oven?
Any delay in quenching aluminum alloy after it is removed from the oven will allow the grain structure to grow enough that intergranular corrosion is likely to form within the metal.
What is meant by normalizing a piece of steel after it has been welded or machined?
Normalizing removes stresses that are locked into the material by welding or machining.
Explain the way a steel structure is normalized after it has been welded.
Heat the steel structure to a temperature above its critical temperature and allow it to cool in still air.
Why is a piece of steel tempered after it has been hardened?
When steel is hardened, it becomes brittle. Tempering removes some of this brittleness.
How is steel annealed?
It is heated to just above its upper critical temperature until it reaches a uniform temperature throughout, then it is allowed to cool very slowly in the oven.
How is steel hardened?
It is heated to its critical temperature and quenched in water, brine, or oil.
What is meant by tempering steel?
The steel is first hardened; then some of the hardness is removed to relieve some of the internal stresses and brittleness.
What is meant by case hardening?
The surface of the metal is hardened by the infusion of carbon or aluminum nitride. The interior of the metal remains strong and tough.
What are two methods of case hardening?
Carburizing and nitriding.
How is steel nitrided?
The steel part is heated in a retort in which there is an atmosphere of ammonia (a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen). Aluminum, an alloying element in the steel, combines with the nitrogen to form an extremely hard aluminum nitride on the surface of the steel.