Materials Flashcards
What is meant by Toughness?
The strength with which a material opposes rupture.
It’s defined as the amount of energy per unit volume a material can absorb before rupturing
What is meant by Ductility?
A material that is ductile can undergo large extensions without failure/breaking
Ductile materials can be stretched into wires
What is meant by Brittleness?
A material that distorts very little, even under large stress, and doesn’t exhibit much plastic deformation
What is meant by Strength?
The extent to which a material resists breaking under stress
(Strong materials have a high UTS and high breaking stress)
What is meant by Tensile Stress?
Tension force per unit cross-sectional area of a material
What is Stress?
The amount of force acting per unit area
Unit: Pascals (Pa)
(Similar to Pressure)
What is Strain?
The ratio of an objects extension to its original length
Ratio of two lengths, therefore is unit-less
What is Young’s Modulus?
A material property that measures how easily it can deform and stretch
A ratio between Stress and Strain
(Y.M = Stress / Strain)
What is meant by Tensile Strain?
The extension per unit length of a material
What is meant by Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS)?
The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking
What is meant by Elastic Limit?
The value of stress or force (on a Stress/Strain graph) beyond which elastic deformation becomes plastic
What is meant by Yield Point?
The point (on a Stress/Strain graph) beyond which the material extends rapidly for a small change in stress
What is meant by Polymeric?
Materials that consist of long molecular chains; they experience a high strain before breaking
What is meant by Hysteresis?
Where the value of a physical property lags behind the change in the effect causing it
