Materials Flashcards
Tera (T)
10¹²
Giga (G)
10⁹
Mega (M)
10⁶
Kilo (k)
10³
Centi (c)
10⁻²
Milli (m)
10⁻³
Micro (µ)
10⁻⁶
Nano (n)
10⁻⁹
Pico (p)
10⁻¹²
Hooke’s law
Extention is directly proportional to force up to the limit of proportionality
Elastic behavior
When the force is removed, it returns to the original shape
Plastic behavior
Will not return to the original shape when the force is removed
Elastic limit
Maximum extention before behavior becomes plastic
Effect of two springs in series
- Extention doubles
- Spring constant halves
Effects of two springs in parrallel
- Extention halves
- Spring constant doubles
What is a brittle material?
- No/very little plastic region before it breaks
- Small strain
What is a ductile material?
- Very large plastic region
- Large strain
What is a stiff material?
- Very small extention when a load is put on it
- High Youngs modulus
What is a strong material?
- High ultimate tensile stress
What are the 6 base units?
Kg (kilograms)
m (meters)
s (secconds)
A (amps)
K (kelvin)
mol (mol)
Femto (f)
10⁻¹⁵
Density
Mass per unit volume
How do you calculate the work done/energy stored on a force-extension graph?
Area under the graph
How do you calculate the spring constant on a force-extension graph?
The gradient
Tensile stress
The ratio of the load to the cross-sectional area when stretching a material.
Tensile strain
The ratio of extension to original length
Young’s Modulus
The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain in the Hooke’s law region.
Unit of Young’s Modulus
Pascals (Pa)
Unit of tensile stress
Nm⁻² or Pa
Unit of tensile strain
NO UNITS
