Material Technology Flashcards
Define the definition of Strength/ Tenacity?
This is the property of a material that enables it to resist tensile, compressive or shear forces without failure.
What is Strength measured in?
Newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2).
Define the definition of Toughness?
This is the property of a material that enables it to absorb the energy from an applied force, impact or shock load without fracture.
Define the definition of Elasticity?
This is the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after the removal of a deforming force.
Define the definition of Plasticity?
This is the opposite of elasticity. It is the property that enables a material to be deformed under a force without fracture, the resulting deformation being non-recoverable and nonproportional to the applied force.
Define the definition of Ductility?
This is the property possessed by a material that, when subjected to a tensile force, allows permanent plastic deformation to take place before fracture.
Define the definition of Malleability?
This is the property possessed by a material that when subject to a compressive force, allows permanent plastic deformation to take place without fracture.
Define the definition of Hardness?
This is the ability of a material to resist wear, abrasion, scratching, indentation or penetration by another material. Measurement of this property can only be made relative to other materials and is given in the form of a number only (dimensionless).
Define the definition of Brittleness?
This is regarded as the opposite of ductility. It is the property possessed by a material which shows little or no plastic deformation after failure resulting from the application of
a force.
What are the effects of adding Manganese as an alloying element to steel?
Generally beneficial to surface quality especially in re-sulfurized steels.
Manganese contributes to strength and hardness, but less than carbon.
Increasing the manganese content decreases ductility and weldability, but less than carbon. Manganese has a significant effect on the hardenability of steel.
What are the effects of adding Phosphorus as an alloying element to steel?
Increases strength and hardness and decreases ductility and notch impact toughness of steel.
What are the effects of adding Sulphur as an alloying element to steel?
Decreases ductility and notch impact toughness especially in the transverse direction. Weldability decreases with increasing sulphur content.
What are the effects of adding Silicon as an alloying element to steel?
Is one of the principal deoxidizers used in steelmaking.
In low-carbon steels, silicon is generally detrimental to surface quality.
What are the effects of adding Copper as an alloying element to steel?
In significant amounts is detrimental to hot-working steels.
Copper can be detrimental to surface quality.
Copper is beneficial to atmospheric corrosion resistance
What are the effects of adding Lead as an alloying element to steel?
Is virtually insoluble in liquid or solid steel. Lead is sometimes added to carbon and alloy steels by means of mechanical dispersion during pouring to improve the machinability.
What are the effects of adding Boron as an alloying element to steel?
Is added to fully killed steel to improve hardenability
What are the effects of adding Chromium as an alloying element to steel?
Is commonly added to steel to increase corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, to increase hardenability, or to improve high-temperature strength.
What are the effects of adding Nickel as an alloying element to steel?
Is a ferrite strengthener. Nickel increases the hardenability and impact strength of steels.