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Materials and manufacturing 3 > Material selection > Flashcards

Material selection Flashcards

1
Q

What are six categories of materials

A 
Metals
Plastics
Ceramics
Elastomers
Composites
Glasses
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2
Q

What are the 3 main steps in any material selection method

A

Analysis of material requirements
Screening of candidate materials
Selection of candidate material

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3
Q

What should be considered when analysing material requirements

A

Mandatory and additional material properties for the end product
Material properties required for the manufacturing process
Relative importance of each

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4
Q

What is determined using the screening of candidate materials process

A

Materials can be eliminated on a go/no go basis

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5
Q

What are the most common methods of material selection

A

Use of selection chart
Selection on cost
Subjective Selection
Weighted properties method

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6
Q

Why is selection on cost such a bad method for material selection

A

Neglects the fact that no two materials have the same properties

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7
Q

What is a good method for fixing selection based on cost

A

Use material indices such as cost per unit stiffness

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8
Q

What different costs will effect the overall cost of a product

A

Cost of materials
Cost of production
Cost of operating or maintenance
Cost of disposal

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9
Q

What is the material utilisation factor

A

A ratio of the weight of finished product and the weight of material used to make product

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10
Q

What is cost of production dependant on

A 
Utilisation factor
How easy it is to form or machine 
How long it takes to produce
Cost of machinery 
Cost of specialist one off tools 
Cost of surface treatments
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11
Q

What factors effect the time to produce the material

A

Set up time
Operator handling time
Machining time
Dow/ lost time

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12
Q

What will effect the cost per unit production of different materials for the same production method

A

Weldability
Formability
Melting temperature
Aspect Ratio

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13
Q

What are chart election methods often used for in industry

A

To screen all potential materials on a go/no go basis to eliminate groups of materials early in design

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14
Q

Are material selection charts often used to make the final material selection in industry

A

No

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15
Q

What are the limitations of selection charts

A

Not suitable for complex shapes Lots of opportunity for mistakes in constraints etc

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16
Q

What are the some positives of selection charts

A

New engineering are not limited by minimum experience

New materials are considered

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17
Q

What are some qualities of the subjective method of material selection

A

Minimum calculation

Lots of engineering judgment

18
Q

In terms of scaling of properties what is a disadvantage of the subjective method

A

Does not allow comparison to the degree of which one material is better than the other, just better, worse or even

19
Q

What is another problem with the subjective methods with respect to weighting

A

All material properties are weighted the same

20
Q

Describe how the weighted properties method can be used to take into account thickness

A

When Scaling properties the material properties can be multiplied by or divided by the relative thickness

21
Q

What material properties are effected by thickness

A 
Specific heat
Stiffness 
Strength 
Cost 
Thermal conductivity
22
Q

What is the digital logic method

A

A way of determining a more accurate ( But still subjective) way of calculating the weighting factors

23
Q

What factors should be considered when deciding what materials properties to use in a selection method

A 
Functional requirements 
Processability requirements 
Cost
Reliability 
Resistance to service conditions 
Disposal requirements
24
Q

What are rigid material requirements

A

Ones which are a simple yes or no decision such as must be transparent

25
Q

Material properties for end product is determined by certain questions about the end product, what are they

A

What is it
What does it do
How does it do it
What are the primary and secondary material requirements

26
Q

When considering loading of a part what are 3 things that should be considered

A

Normal loading
Abnormal loading in service
What happens if it fails

27
Q

What is considered when considering safety of a part

A

Can material melt or burn
Does it produce toxic fumes or smoke
Can material loose strength and fail

28
Q

What factors will effect the life expectancy of a material

A

Design life
Fatigue load involved
Design for repair?

29
Q

List some types of mechanical failure a material could experience

A 
Yield 
Buckling
Creep
Fracture
Wear
Fatigue
30
Q

What is meant by aspect ratio

A

How much something can bend or fold until it breaks

31
Q

What are some examples of thermal failure

A

Creep, Microstructure changes, Change of state

32
Q

What are environmental causes of failure

A

Corrosion
Oxidation
UV
Erosion

33
Q

What thickness change should be made to direct stiffness

A

x t

34
Q

What thickness correction should be made to bending stiffness

A

x t^3

35
Q

How can yield effect a product

A

Can cause misalignment

36
Q

How can buckling effect a product

A

Can cause collapse

37
Q

How can creep effect a product

A

Misalignment or bolted joints to relax

38
Q

How can wear effect a product

A

Loss of accuracy in machinery

Leaks in pipe

39
Q

How can fatigue effect a product

A

Can cause collapse or sudden failure of structure

40
Q

How will UV radiation effect a Product

A

Brittle or colour change

41
Q

How can microstructure changes effect a product

A

Premature failure due to aging

Materials and manufacturing 3 (3 decks)

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