Material Science Flashcards
What is the difference between amorphous and crystalline structures?
Crystalline structures are arranged in an orderly way, whereas amorphous structures are disorderly.
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is when valence electrons from one atom are transferred to another.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is when two atoms share a pair of electrons between them.
What is a metallic bond?
A metallic bond is when the valence electrons of many atoms become detached from any one atom and instead move between atoms freely.
What is Newton’s first law?
Newton’s first law states that an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force is acted upon it. Likewise, an object in standstill will remain in standstill unless a force is acted upon it.
How do you calculate density?
Density is calculated as mass per volume, or m/V.
What is Archimedes’ principle?
Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyancy of an object is equivalent to the weight of the water it displaces.
Why are trusses used?
Trusses distribute forces evenly between their joints.
What is Hooke’s law?
Hooke’s law states that the extension of an object is directly proportional to the amount of force applied to it.
At what point does Hooke’s law no longer apply?
Hooke’s law no longer applies once an object reaches the limit of proportionality. This is not the same as the elastic limit.
How do you calculate the toughness of a material?
The area under the stress-strain graph of a material is equal to that material’s toughness.
What does yield stress mean?
Yield stress refers to the point where strain increases at a much higher rate despite a minimal increase in stress.
What is the elastic limit?
The elastic limit is the point where further stress will cause permanent deformation.
What is the difference between the limit of proportionality and the elastic limit?
The limit of proportionality refers to the point where stress and strain are no longer proportional, whereas the elastic limit refers to the point where further stress will cause permanent deformation. They are not always the same.
What is the difference between isotropic and anisotropic material?
Isotropic materials behave the same regardless of the direction of the force acting upon them, whereas anisotropic forces behave differently depending on the direction of the force.
