Material properties definition (part of 1.1)

Question 1

Mechanical properties
definiton

Answer 1

how a material reacts to an external force

Question 2

physical properties
definition

Answer 2

the actual make-up or structure of the material

Question 3

mechanical properties
types

Answer 3

compressive strength
tensile strength
bending strength
shear strength
torsional strength
hardness
toughness
plasticity
ductility
malleability
elasticity

Question 4

physical properties
types

Answer 4

density
fusibility
magnetism
corrosion/degradation res.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES:
Electrical conductor
electrical insulator

THERMAL PROPERTIES
thermal conductor
thermal insulator
thermal expansion

OPTICAL PROPERTIES
opaque
translucent
transparent

Question 5

compressive strength

Answer 5

ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces (compression)

Question 6

tensile strength

Answer 6

ability to resist stretching or pulling forces (tension)

Question 7

Bending strength

Answer 7

ability to resist forces that may bend the material

Question 8

shear strength

Answer 8

ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

Question 9

torsional strength

Answer 9

ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

Question 10

hardness

Answer 10

ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

Question 11

toughness

Answer 11

the ability to absorb impact force without fracture

Question 12

plasticity

Answer 12

ability to be permanently deformed (shaped) and retain the deformed shape

Question 13

ductility

Answer 13

ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking, for example stretching a material into a wire.

Question 14

malleability

Answer 14

the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking; malleability increases with a rise in temperature

Question 15

elasticity

Answer 15

the ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed

Question 16

density

Answer 16

the mass of the material in a standard volume of space

Question 17

fusibility

Answer 17

ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat.

Good fusibility is an essential property for a metal being cast

Question 18

magnetism

Answer 18

the natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels.

Question 19

Corrosion / degradation resistance

Answer 19

ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

Question 20

Electrical conductor

Answer 20

allows the flow of electrical current through the material.

A good conductor gives very little resistance to the flow of charge

Question 21

electrical insulator

Answer 21

does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

Question 22

thermal conductor

Answer 22

allows the transfer of heat energy through the material.

A material with high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly across the material

Question 23

thermal insulator

Answer 23

prevents the transfer of heat through the material

Question 24

thermal expansion

Answer 24

the increase in material volume in response to a heat input.

Question 25

opaque

Answer 25

(OPTICAL)
prevents light from travelling through

Question 26

translucent

Answer 26

allows light through but diffuses the light so that objects appear blurred; frosted glass is an example

Question 27

Transparent

Answer 27

Allows light to pass through easily, which means you can see clearly through the material