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Chemistry Final Exam Prep > Material in Lectures > Flashcards

Material in Lectures Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all of the functional groups mentioned throughout the duration of the course?

A

Alkene, Alkyne, Arene, Halide, Alcohol, Ether, Amine, Nitrile.

Aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, Ester, Amide

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2
Q

How does carbon hybridization relate to bonds?

A

sb-sp3
db-sp2
tb - sp

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3
Q

How do bond angles relate to bond types?

A

sb= 109.5 degrees
db- 120 degrees
tb- 180 degrees

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4
Q

Small pka?

A

Strong acid

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5
Q

Strong acid yields?

A

Weak conjugate base

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6
Q

Reaction favor what type of acid movement?

A

Strong acid to weak acid

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7
Q

Lewis acids

A

Receive lone pairs (sometimes carbocation) (electrophiles)

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8
Q

Lewis bases

A

Donate lone pairs (nucleophiles)

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9
Q

What is a conjugated compound?

A

compound with continuous sp2 hybridized carbons

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10
Q

How do resonance structures relate to stability?

A

More resonance structures = more stability

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11
Q

The shorthand of making a monomer a polymer?

A

Break db and repeat twice connecting all carbons together. Put brackets and an n.

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12
Q

What is a phenyl?

A

Benzene substituent attached to a large carbon chain.

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13
Q

What is phenol?

A

Benzene with an OH substituent

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14
Q

Ortho, meta, para arrangements?

A

Ortho right beside, meta one carbon between, and para is directly on other side of benzene ring

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15
Q

Base-catalyzed addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone?

A

Hydrate (two OH substituents) + OH-

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16
Q

Acid-catalyzed addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone?

A

Hydrate (two OH substituents) + H3O+

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17
Q

Addition of alcohol to aldehyde/ketone?

A

Acetal formation (Molecule with one methyl group and two methyl groups with oxygens attached) BONUS

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18
Q

Aldehyde/ketone + amine?

A

Imine formation (nitrogen double bonded to a carbon with 3 methyl groups) BONUS

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19
Q

How can you tell if a molecule is a carboxylic acid or derivative?

A

Not an aldehyde or ketone but still have carbonyl groups (+nitirle)

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20
Q

CA are more acidic than alcohols because?

A

They have more resonance structures (more stable)

21
Q

Electronegative atom on CA(+d)?

A

Acts as a leaving group

22
Q

What steps are involved in the mechanism of a CA(+d)?

A

Subbing a nucleophile for a Y group

23
Q

How do you convert a CA to an acid chloride?

A

SOCl2

24
Q

Acid chloride to CA?

A

Water

25
Q

Acid chloride + NH3?

A

Amide (one less H) and NH4Cl (one more H)

26
Q

Acid chloride + alcohol?

A

Ester

27
Q

Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are all derivatives of what molecule?

A

Water

28
Q

Reactions with (alc, phen, eth) involve?

A

One or both hydrogens being replaced by organic parts

29
Q

Alcohols and phenols can do what that ethers can’t do?

A

Form hydrogen bonds (Higher boiling point)

30
Q

Intermediate in phenols has more resonance structures causing it to be?

A

More acidic than alcohols

31
Q

Alcohol/ Phenol + Strong Acid gives?

A

Oxonium ion (oxygen with three substituents with (+) fc) + ion

32
Q

Alcohol + water?

A

Alkoxide ion (R-O(-)) + H3O+

33
Q

Phenol + water?

A

Phenoxide ion (Ar-O(-))+ H3O+

34
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol?

A

Condition: NaBH4 (source of H-)

35
Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol?

A

Condition: NaBH4 (source of H-)

36
Q

Carboxylic acid to Primary Alcohol?

A

Condition: LiAl4 (source of H-)

37
Q

Ester to Primary Alcohol?

A

Condition: LiAl4 (source of H-)

38
Q

Alcohol + strong acid?

A

Alkene + elimination of water

39
Q

Periodinane (oxidizing agent) +primary alcohol give?

A

aldehydes

40
Q

Na2Cr2O7 or CrO3 (oxidizing agents) + secondary alcohol give?

A

Carboxylic acid

41
Q

Alcohol gives ether?

A

Condition: alkali metal/strong base

42
Q

Phenol gives ether?

A

Condition: Nu-X and base

43
Q

Ether + H-X?

A

Alcohol + C-X (with three methyl groups)

44
Q

Alcohol + H-X ?

A

Alkyl Halide + H20

45
Q

What does Mg do in carbon with 4 subs?

A

Attaches to most electronegative sub (water can mess it up)

46
Q

Aromaticity

A

4n+2, closed ring, conjugated

47
Q

determine the number of stereoisomers?

A

2^chirality centers

48
Q

What is a mesocompound?

A

Contains chirality centres but is also symmetrical

49
Q

What does CH3MgBr do to ketones?

A

Oxidizes Oxygen and adds a methyl group

Chemistry Final Exam Prep (2 decks)

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