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Millwright Level 4 > Material Handling > Flashcards

Material Handling Flashcards

1
Q

Three sections of a belt

A

Top cover (thicker)
Bottom cover
Carcass (provides strength)

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2
Q

Main types of belt carcasses

A

Solid woven
Reduced-ply
Multiple-ply
Steel cord

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3
Q

Single-ply of fabric with interlocking weaves, avoids the potential problem of separation of plies

A

Solid woven

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4
Q

Wider plies separation between each layer, plies come to the edge of the belt.

A

Reduced-ply (high-tensile synthetic fibre)

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5
Q

Usually more than 3 layers of woven materials. Strength, load, and tension vary with the number of plies and fabric used

A

Multiple-ply (no more than 8 plys)

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6
Q

Single layer of cables embedded in belt. Used where extreme operating tension is constant, or take-up travel limited

A

Steel Cord (cables 3-12mm in diameter)

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7
Q

4 types of mechanical fasteners

A

Hinged plate
Bolted plate
Wire clip
Alligator

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8
Q

The strongest and preferred type of splice

A

Hot vulcanized (steel cable is the main tension element in belt, 90% belt strength)

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9
Q

These pulleys should only be used where the approach to the pulley has an unsupported section which is unaffected by the training idlers

A

Crowned pulleys

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10
Q

The largest diameter pulley, primarily used to reduce flexing in the tensioned belt

A

Head pulley

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11
Q

Drive pulley used on the dirty side of the belt used to increased friction, lower belt tension. Reduced slippage in wet conditions, increased life for both belt and pulley

A

Lagged drive pulley

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12
Q

Pulleys without lagging, standard steel drums used with normal fabric ply belts

A

Smooth pulleys

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13
Q

These pulleys prevent the build-up of debris under the belt

A

Self-cleaning pulleys (wing)

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14
Q

The main purpose of this pulley is to return the belt

A

Tail pulley (smaller than head or drive pulleys)

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15
Q

This pulley increases the arc of contact on the drive pulley

A

Snub pulley

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16
Q

Pulley used to change the direction of the belt

A

Bend pulley

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17
Q

2 basic types of idlers

A

carrying - support the loaded run of the conveyor belt

return - support the empty run of the conveyor belt

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18
Q

Carrying idlers used where bulk materials are likely to spill, are tilted forward 2 degrees in direction of belt travel. These Idlers use 3 rolls, outside rolls are inclined at 20, 35, or 45 degrees

A

Troughing idlers

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19
Q

These carrying idlers are connected or linked together by cable or flexible joints

A

Suspended idlers (catenary) - usually 3 roll, 5 roll may be used in the load section

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20
Q

carrying idlers used when the belt is to be troughed

A

Transition idlers - the deeper the trough, the larger the transition distance

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21
Q

Carrying idler found in the manufacturing processes where the removal and placement of goods at various points is desirable and spillage not a concern

A

Flat-belt carrying idler

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22
Q

Guide idlers installed on a troughed conveyor to assist in training the belt should the belt begin to move

A

Rigid side-guide idlers - mounted a few inches from edge of the belt, mounted near pulleys (guidlers)

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23
Q

These return idlers used where the conveyed material will adhere to the belt and rolls

A

Self-cleaning rubber disk idlers

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24
Q

Return idler deigned specifically for minor belt self-alignment, not for general alignment, used on both load and return side of conveyor

A

Self-alignment (training) idlers

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25
Q

These training idlers rest on a pivot in the centre of the frame

A

Troughed-belt training idlers

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26
Q

These idlers are used at the loading points of the conveyor and protect the belt from damage

A

Impact idlers (installed as close together as possible)

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27
Q

Type of take-up mounted near the drive pulley, distance between head and tail pulley greater than 100ft

A

Gravity take-up

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28
Q

Type of take-up used where space is limited and gravity take-up cannot be used

A

Horizontal (carriage) take-up (placed at any point in conveyor system)

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29
Q

Type of take-up that must be adjusted by hand, and very compact

A

Screw take-up

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30
Q

When loading a belt in the same direction these 2 basic designs are used

A 
A short (transition) conveyor 
A chute
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31
Q

This side of belt loading increases belt wear

A

Side (right-angled) loading

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32
Q

What can be used to change the direction of a load passing between conveyors moving in different directions

A

Angled transfer chute

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33
Q

Where large lumps are a constant in the material these chutes can be used

A

grizzlies or screened loading chutes

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34
Q

This is used to contain the material on the load-carrying conveyor until it reaches the carrying belts speed

A

Skirting (does not come in contact with belt, made of rubber or soft compound, no NOT use old belt)

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35
Q

When belts are to be loaded from bins, hoppers, or piles some sort of _____ must be used

A

feeder

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36
Q

Type of feeder located at the bottom of a bin and used to control the flow of materials. Not used for lumpy materials

A

Screw feeder

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37
Q

Feeder that is a very short belt conveyor installed under a bin or hopper used for handling fine materials

A

Belt feeder

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38
Q

Feeder that uses bars or scrapers attached between two conveyor chains. The bar drags the material along bottom of trough. Suited for materials with small lumps

A

Drag-scraper feeder

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39
Q

Heavy duty feeders used for handling lumpy, abrasive materials. Made of over-lapping steel plates mounted on heavy chain

A

Apron feeders

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40
Q

Feeder driven off an eccentric drive which moves the plate back and forth. Material is dropped onto belt

A

Reciprocating-plate feeder - fine materials, small lumps

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41
Q

Feeder is a simple regulating gate moving up or down outside of a bin or hopper to control flow

A

Control-gate

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42
Q

This feeder is electrically-powered to vibrate as the material moves through it. Wet sticky materials should not be used

A

Vibrating feeders

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43
Q

Feeder has a drum with attached wear plates. Small clearance between wear plates and vanes

A

Rotary-vane (pocket) feeder

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44
Q

Feeder has a smooth rotating drum which controls the flow of small aggregate materials. Material must flow freely

A

Rotary-drum feeder

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45
Q

Feeder has a flat circular table, material forced off table by a plough

A

Rotary-table feeder

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46
Q

These are used to discharge material from the belt at various intervals. Used where storage bins are to be filled

A

Trippers

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47
Q

These are necessary when material being conveyed is damp or sticky

A

Belt scrapers or cleaners

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48
Q

This cleaner is for belts in which the material is dry and not likely to stick to belt surface

A

Rotary brush - 450rpm rotates opposite of belt travel

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49
Q

These pulleys are used in conditions where tramp iron may have fallen into the belt

A

Magnetic pulleys

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50
Q

Inclined conveyors require these

A

Backstops

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51
Q

Decline conveyors require these

A

Brakes (mechanical, eddy-current, plugging, dynamic, regenerative)

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52
Q

Arc of contact in single drives

A

180 with no snub, 190-240 with snub

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53
Q

In this drive one motor drives both pulleys

A

Tandem drive - arc of contact 360-420

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54
Q

In this drive two motors are used to drive the pulleys

A

Dual drive (second motor usually wound rotor to synchronize)

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55
Q

In this drive the conveyor is driven by more than one spot on the belt, each driven by a separate motor

A

Multiple drives - good for long conveyors with large volume

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56
Q

These bucket elevators operate a high speed, good for cement

A

Centrifugal discharge (56-90 m/min)

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57
Q

These bucket elevators do not scrape material out of the boot, must be loaded through a leg at and at low speeds

A

Continuous bucket - less than 45 m/min, not for damp material

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58
Q

These bucket elevators like continuous bucket design but much heavier and use double-strand heavy duty long pitch roller chain

A

Super-capacity - for high lifts and large capacity. 23-37 m/min. No damp material

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59
Q

Similar to centrifugal discharge elevators except buckets are end-mounted between two chain, attached by fixed or swivel

A

Positive-discharge - 37 m/min, buckets must be inverted by snub sprocket
Can handle material that may stick

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60
Q

The housing which through which the elevator buckets and chain travels

A

Casing:
Head supports head pulley, drive assembly

Boot: bottom of casing contains tail pulley, screw take-up, houses load leg or chute

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61
Q

Type of belt used on bucket elevator

A

Friction belt

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62
Q

Type of bucket elevator chain

A

SBS, S, Class C

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63
Q

The most versatile form of conveyor

A

Screw (moves material vertically and horizontally)

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64
Q

The two main aspects of the screw in the conveyor

A

type of flight (left or right hand)

pitch

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65
Q

These screw flights can be removed without having to remove the whole system

A

sectional

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66
Q

This screw has half the pitch and minimizes surges when feeding scales because of even discharge

A

Double flight - usually only needed the last few turns of the screw

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67
Q

These screw flights are thicker and stronger than sectional flights

A

Helicoid - good for grain handling

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68
Q

screw flight designed to handle sticky materials

A

ribbon

69
Q

Screw flight consists of a inner and out ribbon of the opposite lay for complete mixing of materials

A

double flight ribbon

70
Q

Screw flight has notches cut out which allows material to be mixed

A

Cut flight - mixes dry material at high speeds

71
Q

Screw flight that allows the greatest mixing action

A

paddle

72
Q

screw flight allows for agitation of materials useful for cooling and drying light materials

A

cut and folded

73
Q

This pitch is one which the pitch is equal to the diameter of the flight

A

standard

74
Q

The pitch is less than the standard pitch, prevents too much material from being drawn into the conveyor, also used on steep inclines

A

short

75
Q

pitch designed for rapid movement of free flowing materials such as liquids

A

long

76
Q

pitch provides uniform withdrawal of fine material along entire length of the screw

A

variable

77
Q

pitch increases slightly as it moves along the trough. Smooth flow of materials along entire length of flight

A

stepped

78
Q

screw creates an even draw across the opening

A

tapered (used in tapered troughs)

79
Q

Trough that provides a dust proof conveyor when using covers

A

double flanged trough

80
Q

The parts that carry the weight of the screw between the ends of the trough

A

Hangers

81
Q

Screw conveyor 12H512 RH meaning

A 
12: Diameter in inches
H: helicoid flight 
5: coupling diameter 5= 2-7/16
12: thickness of flight tip in 64ths of an inch. 12/64 = 3/16
RH: Right hand
82
Q

Pneumatic system ideal for conveying material from several sources and moving to one main holding bin

A

Vacuum system (negative air pressure)

83
Q

Pneumatic system that takes material from one source (inlet) and move it to any number of destinations

A

Pressurized system

84
Q

Feeder most used for feeding material into a pneumatic conveyor

A

Rotary

85
Q

If no dust can be vented to atmosphere this must be mounted on the discharge side of the vacuum pump

A

dust filter-receiver

86
Q

Type of compressor used in low pressure conveying systems

A

Positive displacement lobe type or roots blower (12psig)

87
Q

Medium-pressure conveying systems operate at this psi

A

15-45 psig (conveys material up to 2000ft)

88
Q

type of blower or compressor used in medium-pressure

A

rotary blower or sliding vane compressor

89
Q

High-pressure conveying systems operate at this psi

A

45-125 psig

90
Q

types of compressors used in high-pressure

A

reciprocating or sliding vane (uses a receiver and blow tank)

91
Q

Combination vacuum-pressure conveying systems use these to solve blow-back

A

two rotary feeders in tandem

92
Q

In this conveying system air is allowed to flow in a rectangular duct separated by a porous medium

A

Air-slide gravity (unloads and aerates material in bin, used in flour mills)

93
Q

Two types of roller conveyors

A

gravity and powered (live)

94
Q

Roller conveyor used for horizontal direction or sloped

A

Gravity (good for loads with a strong flat bottom)

95
Q

Roller conveyor good for heavy loads such as skids or pallets, not used over 10 degrees incline or decline

A

Chain-driven live roller

96
Q

Roller conveyor driven by a belt riding between two rolls, not used over 10 degrees incline or decline

A

Belt-driven live roller

97
Q

Roller conveyor that allows for greater incline, up to 30 degrees

A

Roller bed conveyors (belt riding on top of rollers, most versatile)

98
Q

Short conveyors usually twice the width of the inclined conveyor. These roller conveyors are used to prevent damage to packages as they enter the inclined conveyor

A

Feeder roller-bed conveyor (used if inclined over 15 degrees)

99
Q

These level off belts as they reach the top of the incline and provide smooth transfer from one conveyor to next

A

Nose-over (adjustable from 0-30 degrees)

100
Q

Type of roller that has one end tapered and forces material up the taper and off the chain

A

Bottle roller

101
Q

Rollcases are designed to move packages on a minimum of _ rolls

A

3 (4 if it has a soft bottom, 5 wheels on gravity conveyors)

Length of product divided by minimum number of rolls required = minimum distance between rolls

102
Q

Roller conveyors use these drives on the curves

A

Belt drives (hydraulic on heavy duty applications)

103
Q

Conveyors used for heavy or very hot bulk materials such as rock, clinker or lump material, and inclines up to 60 degrees. Steel thickness 1/4” - 3/4”

A

Apron (up to 30 m/min)

104
Q

In these conveyors the chain itself is used as the scraper

A

Drag conveyor (used for moving wood chips, hog fuel, refuse, ash)

105
Q

Type of hose and pipe used in slurry systems

A

Heavy duty wire reinforced, non-collapsible hose

Pipe has special hardened internal walls

106
Q

Wire mesh belt materials

A

stainless steel, mild steel, zinc plated, nickel plated, teflon coated (used in food industry)

107
Q

Wire mesh weave consists of right-hand spirals joined to left hand spirals by rods or crimping the ends. Easy to clean and sanitary

A

Equalized weave

108
Q

Wire mesh weave similar to chain link fence. Used in freezers, oven etc.

A

Conventional weave

109
Q

Food conveyor belt is a flat strip bent into a zigzag.

A

Flat wire belt (used where opening size is not a condition of operation)

110
Q

Food conveyor belt used in circular conveyors. This belt can make left or right hand turns

A

Spiral belt (circular freezers)

111
Q

Food conveyor belt with large rods with special links for high speed applications

A

Batter belting (good for french fries)

112
Q

Synthetic belt used where chemical resistance is required, suitable up to 104 C (max 120 intermittently)

A

Polypropylene (not below 7 C)

113
Q

Synthetic belt stronger than polypropylene, can operate between -46 to 93C. Good resilience and fatigue endurance

A

Acetal

114
Q

Synthetic belt has high fatigue factor, impact strength, not as strong as polypropylene. Withstands cold applications

A

Polyethylene (-73-66 C meat and poultry approved)

115
Q

Synthetic belt is impact resistant, will bend as opposed to breaking

A

Nylon

116
Q

_____ belts are a lot wider than regular conveyor belts

A

feeder belts

117
Q

These intercept the material and are located at the discharge point of the head pulley which absorbs the impact

A

Rock box

118
Q

These belts must be hot vulcanized

A

steel cord (prone to longitudinal tears)

119
Q

Major cause of belt tracking problems

A

rollers that are jammed or stuck

120
Q

____ pulleys should never be adjusted to correct belt misalignment

A

Head

121
Q

This fastener is suitable for small repairs or tears in belt

A

double plate

122
Q

These function the same as air receivers

A

Blow-tanks

123
Q

In this conveyor air is allowed to flow in a rectangular duct. The material is separated by a porous medium

A

Air-slide gravity conveyor

124
Q

What fan is used when material must pass through it

A

Open-faced

125
Q

A special design roller that moves material at right angles to the table as the rolls rise above the chain

A

Eccentric roller

126
Q

Roller used for turns in the conveyor bed

A

Tapered

127
Q

Most efficient roller for turning curves

A

Typical tapered roll

128
Q

This chain conveyor the top and bottom chain are as close to parallel as possible, the return side is tight as possible

A

Parallel Strand conveyor (conveying strand can be top or bottom chain depending on design)

129
Q

This chain conveyor is on a slope and drive sprocket is at least 4 feet from the floor. Drive sprocket is on return side of head drum

A

Gravity Drop drive

130
Q

This chain conveyor is used when long heavily loaded conveyors are required. This drive allows maximum number of drive teeth on the sprocket

A

S drives (can be used with almost any type of chain)

131
Q

Chain consists of cast steel block or barrel with two cast side plates. Chain used in rough, dirty environments

A

combination chain

132
Q

Chain is one-piece cast malleable iron with side bars offset from the barrel

A 
Pintle and H class mill chain (400 and 700 class)
H class heavier construction, wearing shoes cast on bottom used in pulp and paper
133
Q

Chain is one piece casting with large pitches of 5-12 inches. Links usually made of malleable iron, manganese

A

Drag or refuse chain

134
Q

This chain is used when material is conveyed at 90 degrees to it, comes in rooftop and roller top designs

A

Transfer chain (camelback)

135
Q

This sprocket has either 5 or 7 teeth

A

Long link chain (star sprocket)

136
Q

screw conveyor couplings are also known as

A

gudgeon shafts

137
Q

Which end is the trust bearing on screw conveyor located

A

at the discharge end of conveyor

138
Q

What do frame-supported roller apron conveyors withstand

A

temps up to 1100 C

139
Q

The amount of drop per unit length a roller conveyor requires in order to carry the given loads is called

A

conveyor pitch (typical 1/4 to 1/2” per foot)

140
Q

These roller conveyor drives use a hold down plate to keep chain in contact with sprockets. Used for medium loads

A

Continuous chain drive (does not start and stop frequently)

141
Q

These roller conveyor drives have two sprockets on each shaft. Used for heavy loads

A

Roll to roll drive (frequent starts and stops)

142
Q

____ are roller or wheel conveyors used to transfer loads off of or onto belt or roller conveyors

A

spurs (30 degrees max)

143
Q

______ are moveable arms or plates used to sort packages in a roller conveyor system

A

deflectors

144
Q

These are used when work is to be performed inside of a hopper or silo

A

isolation or blanking gates

145
Q

These gates prevent pressurization of the feed hopper

A

air locks

146
Q

On belt driven rollers the ____ race turns, on chain driven belts the _____ race turns

A

Belt: outer (shaft does not turn)
Chain: inner (shaft turns)

147
Q

These allow the belt to run smoothly over a series of low-friction impact absorbing rubber slats

A

slider belt cradles

148
Q

Chain that is stronger and more accurately made than cast chains

A

Fabricated chain

149
Q

Chain that requires no tools to assemble or disassemble

A

Detachable chain (slow speed one direction)

150
Q

How far should you overlap belts for lap joints

A

at least one belt width

151
Q

When a wheel conveyor has wheels along the outside frame or rail only the frame is called

A

wheel rail section or skid assembly

152
Q

The frame that supports the rollers is called the

A

rollcase

153
Q

roller conveyor that have the tops of the rollers or wheels above the side frames

A

high mounted

154
Q

roller conveyor that have the rollers or wheels mounted with their tops below the sides

A

low mounted

155
Q

These are also called differential roller curves

A

double lane curves

156
Q

These three sheaves are used when roller conveyors drive around curves

A

drive sheave
take up sheave
tail sheave

157
Q

flat belt conveyors have a _______ drive arrangement

A

non-positive

158
Q

these belts make a 90 degree twist to match the roller

A

round belts

159
Q

These drives cannot be stopped without shutting off the drive unit

A

positive drive system

160
Q

These rolls move objects sideways across the roll after reaching an end stop

A

spiral rolls

161
Q

These rolls are used when the packages must be lined up against one side

A

angled rolls

162
Q

rolls designed to carry cylindrical objects like pipe or logs

A

hourglass rolls

163
Q

These pivot a short moveable section of live roller conveyor to sort packages from a main conveyor to two or three conveyors downstream

A

two and three-way switches

164
Q

These can be vertically or horizontally pivoting and can be used to open an alley through a roller conveyor

A

hinged gates

165
Q

these are used where several roller conveyors meet

A

ball transfer tables

166
Q

these transfer a product 90 degrees from the initial direction of product

A

rotating turntables

167
Q

These troughing idlers are used where overhead space is limited

A

off-set centre roll

168
Q

Two types of wear strips for conveyors in food handling

A

straight parallel - light loads

chevron style - heavy loads

Millwright Level 4 (5 decks)

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