Material groups & properties

Question 1

Which are the 3 material groups?

Answer 1

Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
(Composites combo of above)

Question 2

Which are the four types of bonds?

Answer 2

Covalent, ionic, metallic och Van der Waal (hydrogen/polar)

Question 3

Covalent bonds - properties and materials?

Answer 3

Strong, directional
Ceramics, polymers

Question 4

Metallic bonds - properties and materials?

Answer 4

Strong, free electrons => electric & thermic conduction
Metals

Question 5

Ionic bonds - properties and materials?

Answer 5

Strong, bonding between ions
Ceramics

Question 6

Van der Waal bonds - alternative names, properties and materials?

Answer 6

Hydrogen-, polar bonds
Weak
Bw polymer chains

Question 7

Ceramics, what is it?

Answer 7

Non-organic, chemical compound bw metal and non-metal

Question 8

Examples of ceramics:

Answer 8

Cement, concrete, brick, porcelain, glass, technical ceramics

Question 9

Ceramics, structure:

Answer 9

Most are crystalline (except for glass which is amorphus (formlös))
Covalent or ion bonds
Glass softens bw 800-1200 C

Question 10

Ceramics, properties (6):

Answer 10

High melting temp
Chemically stable
High stiffness
High hardness
Brittle
Electric & thermal insulating

Question 11

Common metals (6):

Answer 11

Steel, aluminium, (copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Titanium (Ti), Nickel (Ni))

Question 12

Usual alloys

Answer 12

(Legeringar)
Steel = Fe + C
Bronze = Cu + Sn (tenn)
Brass (mässing) = Cu + Zn (zink)

Question 13

Metals, properties (9):

Answer 13

Medium to high melting temp
Electric & thermal conductive
High stiffness
High hardness (strength)
Not brittle
High density
Can be cast (gjutas)
Can be formed by plasticity: rolling, pressing
Can be machined: drilling, milling, turning

Question 14

Polymers, what is it?

Answer 14

Organismal material consisting of macromolecules
Made of oil, but also other organic raw materials
Plastics = polymer + additives

Question 15

Polymers, properties (5):

Answer 15

Low operating temp
Relatively low stiffness and yield limit
Low density
Electric isolating
Easy to form

Question 16

Types of polymers (3):

Answer 16

Thermoplastics
Thermosettings
Rubber (elastomers)

Question 17

Thermoplastics, properties (4):

Answer 17

Long polymer chains
Weak bond bw chains
Can be formed by heat
Recyclable

Question 18

Thermosettings, properties(4):

Answer 18

Network of molecules
Covalent bonds
Cannot be formed by heat
Not recyclable

Question 19

Rubber (elastomers), properties (3):

Answer 19

Sparsely connected network
Can not be formed by heat
Not recyclable

Question 20

Composites, what is it?

Answer 20

Combination of two or more materials.
Ex: polymer and carbon fibre. Concrete = cement and rock.