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DT > material and components 1 > Flashcards

material and components 1 Flashcards

1
Q

functional performance

A
  • how materials actually work and perform e.g. strength, weight, durability
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2
Q

aesthetics

A
  • shape form and colour

- links to a customers reaction and response when selecting a product to purchase

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3
Q

Cost and availability

A
  • increased availability, decreases cost
  • increased cost increases quality
  • cost involves transportation and processing materials
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4
Q

properties and characteristics

A
  • properties can be measured, characteristics can’t
  • mechanical properties: strength, ductility, hardness
  • physical properties: density, melting point
  • chemical properties: corrosion resistant, hygroscopy
  • manufacturing properties: formability, machinability, fusibility
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5
Q

environmental considerations

A

6 R’s

  • rethink, what materials and energy we use
  • reduce, the materials we use
  • reuse, materials and products
  • repair, existing products
  • recycle
  • refuse, to use certain materials
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6
Q

social, cultural and ethical factors

A
  • there is a responsibility to ensure that other peoples quality of life and human rights are not compromised e.g. fair pay and decent working conditions and qol for residents nearby.
  • inclusivity
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7
Q

different physical properties of natural timber

A
  • weather resistant
  • chemical resistant
  • impact resistant
  • stiffness
  • density
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8
Q

different working properties of natural timber

A
  • ease of machining
  • ability to be glued
  • ease of finishing
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9
Q

advantages of manufacture boards

A
  • available in large sheets
  • relatively dimensionally stable - don’t twist/warp
  • consistent properties across the board
  • available pre-finished (laminated, foil or veneer)
  • treated with flame retardant chemicals
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10
Q

what are laminated boards

A
  • > layers of wood glued using a synthetic resin

e. g. plywood, blockboard and laminboard

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11
Q

what are compressed boards

A
  • > made form chips and glued together

e. g. chipboard, MDF, HDF

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12
Q

Developments in timber

A
  • Neatflex -> flexible board for furniture
  • cement-bonded particle board (overcomes durability problems)
  • glulam -> strips of solid timber glued together
  • engineered timber -> considerably stronger and more stable
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13
Q

what is a ferrous metal

A

contains iron

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14
Q

types of steels

A
  • alloys of iron and carbon

> mild steel: up to 0.25%
medium carbon steel: 0.25-0.5%
high carbon steel: 0.5-1.5%

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15
Q

cast iron

A

used for machine beds and vices
> cost effective but heavy
> rigid and strong in compression
> casts well and is easily machined

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16
Q

Mild-steel, description, properties, uses

A
  • 1.65% manganese, 0.6% silicone copper
  • tough, ductile, malleable, poor resistance to corrosion
  • uses: case hardening, structural material
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17
Q

High-carbon steels, description, properties, uses

A
  • 0.3-0.9% manganese
  • High resistance to wear, brittle, poor resistance to corrosion
  • uses: cutting tools and blades
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18
Q

stainless steel, description, properties, uses

A
  • 10.5% chromium (which produces a thin layer of oxide) preventing corrosion
  • corrosion resistant, ductile, work hardening makes it magnetic
  • cutlery, sinks, surgical instruments
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19
Q

what are non-ferrous metals

A

they do not contain iron

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20
Q

describe Aluminium

A
  • low density, corrosion resistant
  • soft with low strength and high ductility
  • strengthened by alloying with silicon, manganese, magnesium, tin
  • good thermal and electrical conductor
  • uses: car bodies, ladders, windows, door handles
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21
Q

describe Zinc

A
  • galvanising
  • corrosion resistant
  • uses: watering cams etc.
22
Q

describe Copper

A
  • soft and can be beaten into shape
  • corrosion resistant and has great thermal/electrical conductivity
  • uses: wires, heating application, plumbing
23
Q

describe Tin

A
  • rarely used by itself

- coats tin cans

24
Q

describe Tungsten

A
  • one of the toughest materials found in nature
  • very dense, durable, resistant to corrosion and impossible to melt (3400 degrees c)
  • highest tensile strength
  • uses: drill bits, cutting tools, blades
25
Q

define non-ferrous metal alloys

A

they are metals mixed with other metals/substances to improve properties

26
Q

describe Brass

A
  • Alloy of copper and zinc
  • Its bright gold-like appearance makes it suitable for decorative metalwork
  • melting point: 900-940 degrees C, density 8.4-8.73 c/cm3
  • uses: locks, door handles, taps, musical instruments
27
Q

describe Bronze

A
  • alloy of copper and tin (and aluminium, manganese)
  • tough and low coefficient of friction, tin content increases corrosion resistance/tensile strength
  • uses: electrical products, bearings
28
Q

describe aluminium alloys

A
  • 99% aluminium, 0.1% mangenese and 0.5% silicon

- gives a strength-to-weight ratio of five times that of pure aluminium

29
Q

mechanical properties of metals

A

strength, hardness, toughness, elasticity, plasticity, brittleness, ductility and malleability
- they are used as measurements of how metals behave under a load

30
Q

what is normalised steel

A

it has been softened by heating and cooling in air

31
Q

define polymer

A

many simple single units from which thermopolymers are made

32
Q

how polymers are made

A
  • the units are joined together in long chains
  • the chains become entangled during a chemical reaction
  • a solid is formed that is both strong and rigid
  • Re-heated -> the forces of attraction between the molecules decrease, making material less rigid - ‘thermo”
33
Q

Polymers have……

A
  • excellent electrical and thermal insulators

- good strength to weigh ratio, flexibility, impact resistance

34
Q

thermo polymers

A

deform when heated, remoulded many times

suitable for vacuum forming, injection/blow moulding, recycling

35
Q

polystyrene (PS): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 80°C
  • stiff, hard, brittle
  • disposable cups
  • polystyrene: high impact/expanded (98% air)
36
Q

polyethylene (LDPE): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 75°C
  • flexible, soft, waxy
  • squeeze bottles, bin liners
37
Q

polyethylene (HDPE): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 75°C
  • fairly stiff, hard
  • bleach bottles, milk crates
38
Q

polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 95°C
  • crystal clear, glossy, tougher than glass but sunlight degrades it over the years
  • car rear light units, illuminated signs
39
Q

polypropylene (PP): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 100°C
  • thin, stiff, hard, flexible, lightweight
  • carpets, banknotes
40
Q

polyvinyl chloride (PVC): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 95°C
  • plasticised: flexible, hosepipes
  • unplasticised: rigid, guttering/pipes
41
Q

acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 80°C
  • opaque, impact resistant, heavy
  • plug for vacuum, casing for cameras
42
Q

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • one of the strongest plastics
  • translucent, hard
  • fizzy drink bottles (can withstand the gas), containers
43
Q

polyamide (PA):

A
  • heat resistant e.g. cooking utensils
  • natural: wool and silk
  • artificial: nylons
  • washers, cable ties
44
Q

thermosetting polymers

A

once the polymers have been shaped and hardened, they cannot be reshaped

45
Q

urea formaldehyde (UF): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 80°C
  • opaque, light in colour, hard/brittle
  • resin is inexpensive and heat resistant: used in plywood/chipboard
  • electrical fittings
46
Q

phenol formaldehyde (PF): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 120°C
  • opaque, dark in colour
  • heat and water resistant
  • laminant sheets, iron/saucepan handles
47
Q

melamine formaldehyde (MF): safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 130°C
  • opaque, multi-coloured
  • cups, plates
48
Q

polyester resin: safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 95°C
  • clear liquid resin, brittle, ease of handling, low cost, dimensionally stable
  • boats and vehicles
49
Q

epoxy resin: safe working temp., characteristics, uses

A
  • 200°C, 2 resins in tubes/ 80°C, one tube has activator (adhesives)
  • high mechanical properties, temp an chemical resistance
  • hardwearing, durable finish and is an excellent insulator
  • ‘potting’ of electronic circuits
50
Q

mechanical properties and physical properties of metal

A

mechanical:

  • hardness -resistant to scratching
  • toughness -will not shatter
  • malleability -can be press formed into a shape

physical:

  • resistant to corrosion
  • chemical resistant -will not degrade with detergents
  • electrical conductivity

DT (9 decks)

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