Matching: Clinical Disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Symptoms

Types

Causes

Treatment

Answer 1

Symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, odd behavior, incoherent thought, inappropriate affect

Types: • Chronic Schizophrenia /Type II
– slow developing process
– recovery doubtful
– usually see more negative symptoms – see structural abnormalities in brain – poor response to antipsychotic drugs

• Acute Schizophrenia/Type I
– develop schizophrenia quickly
– better chance of recovery, more responsive to antipsychotic drugs
– usually see more positive symptoms

Causes: Clear genetic basis (identical twins = 50%), but must be triggered.

Treatments: • Dopamine antagonists (DA receptor blockers)

-Neuroleptics.

Chlorpromazine/ Thorazine – calms many agitated schizophrenics and activates many emotionally blunt
• Reserpine – also found to be effective

Question 2

Affective Disorders (aka mood disorders)

Answer 2

Symptoms/Types:
• Depression – normal reaction to loss, abnormal when it persists or has no cause

• Mania – opposite of depression
• Bipolar affective disorder – Depression with periods of mania
• Unipolar – depression only

Causes:
– Reactive – triggered by negative event
– Endogenous – no apparent cause

Causes: Genetics, stressful experiences

Treatments:

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs),
• Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and -
• Selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Question 3

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 3

Symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension, sleep disturbances, nausea, etc.

Types:
• Generalized – stress and anxiety in the absence of a causal stimulus
• Phobic – similar to generalized, but triggered by a stimulus
• Panic disorders – may occur with other disorders, but also alone
• Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) – obsessive thoughts alleviated by compulsive actions
• Posttraumatic stress disorder

Causes: neural basis, role of serotonin and GABA

Treatments: Benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium) and Serotonin agonists (Buspirone, SSRIs)