Matching

Question 1

Epilepsy

Answer 1

Symptoms: seizures

Causes: generated by their own brain dysfunction, brain damage and/or genes

Treatment: ?

Question 2

Parkinson’s

Answer 2

Symptoms: Tremor at rest

Causes: Degeneration of the substantia nigra whose neurons use dopamine

Treatment: L-dopa

Question 3

Huntington’s

Answer 3

Symptoms: Progressive motor disorder, associated with dementia

Causes: single dominant gene, neural degeneration, loss of inhibitory GABA

Treatment: ?

Question 4

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 4

Symptoms: Visual disturbance, muscle weakness, numbness, tremor, loss of motor coordination

Causes: Attack of CNS myelin, strong genetic predisposition

Treatment: Drugs may retard progession or block some symptoms

Question 5

Alzheimer’s

Answer 5

Symptoms: Confusion, decline in memory

Causes: Neurofibrilary tangles and amyloid plaques

Treatment: ?

Question 6

Role in Memory: the Hippocampus

Answer 6

Hippocampus plays a key role inmemory for spatial location.

Perhaps the hippocampus stores memories temporarily

Perhaps the hippocampus stores memories permanently, but they become “stronger” over time

Question 7

Role in Memory: the Rhinal Cortex

Answer 7

Object recognition

Question 8

Role in Memory: the Amygdala

Answer 8

Lesions lead to lack of learned fear

Question 9

Role in Memory: the Cerebellum

Answer 9

• stores memories of sensorimotor skills • conditioned eyeblink, for example

Question 10

Role in Memory: the Striatum

Answer 10

• habit formation • associations between stimuli and responses

Question 11

Role in Memory: the Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 11

temporal order of events and working memory

Question 12

Role in Memory: the Mediodorsal Nucleus

Answer 12

episodic

Question 13

Role in Memory: the Basal Forebrain

Answer 13

Alzheimer’s involved basal forebrain degeneration

Question 14

Role in Memory: the Inferotemporal Cortex

Answer 14

– visual perception of objects – storing memories of visual patterns – changes in activity seen with visual recall

Question 15

Schizophrenia

Answer 15

Symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, odd behavior, incoherent thought, inappropriate affect Types: • Chronic Schizophrenia /Type II – slow developing process – recovery doubtful – usually see more negative symptoms – see structural abnormalities in brain – poor response to antipsychotic drugs • Acute Schizophrenia/Type I – develop schizophrenia quickly – better chance of recovery, more responsive to antipsychotic drugs – usually see more positive symptoms

Causes: Clear genetic basis

Treatments: • Chlorpromazine/ Thorazine – calms many agitated schizophrenics and activates many emotionally blunt • Reserpine – also found to be effective

Question 16

Affective Disorders

Answer 16

Symptoms/Types: • Depression – normal reaction to loss, abnormal when it persists or has no cause • Mania – opposite of depression • Bipolar affective disorder – Depression with periods of mania • Unipolar – depression only – Reactive – triggered by negative event – Endogenous – no apparent cause

Causes: Genetics, stressful experiences

Treatments: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and Selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Question 17

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 17

Symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension, sleep disturbances, nausea, etc.

Types: • Generalized – stress and anxiety in the absence of a causal stimulus • Phobic – similar to generalized, but triggered by a stimulus • Panic disorders – may occur with other disorders, but also alone • Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) – obsessive thoughts alleviated by compulsive actions • Posttraumatic stress disorder

Causes: neural basis, role of serotonin and GABA

Treatments: Benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium) and Serotonin agonists (Buspirone, SSRIs)