Matals Flashcards
Name 5 physical properties of metals
Solids at room temp.
Lustrous
Malleable and ductile
Sonorous
High melting point + High density
Good conductors of electricity and heat.
What are the 4 metal properties
( metal +acid —>………)
- Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen
- Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide
- Metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide + hydrogen
Name 5 physical properties of non-metals
- Solids and gases at room temperature(bromine is a liquid )
- Poor thermal conductor
- Poor conductor of electricity(except graphite )
- Low melting point and low density
- Brittle + not malleable
Name 3 uses of Aluminium
Aircraft + cars (low density )
Overhead electrical cables (ductile + good conductor if electricity )
Food containers (resistant to corrosion )
What are the uses of Zinc
- alloy in bronze /brass
- sacrificial protection
- galvanizes iron -protective coating to prevent rusting
- batteries
What is the use if copper
- for electrical wires (good electrical conductors + ductile )
What is an alloy
A mixture of two or more metals or a metal and non-metal .
Why are alloys more suitable for use than pure metals
- they are harder + stronger and can resist rusting with air +water
What is brass made from?
And it’s 2 special properties ?
And it’s 2 uses ?
Brass
Copper and zinc
Stringer + more resistant from rusting
Electrical fittings + car radiators
What is stainless steel made from?
What is its special property ?
What are its 3 uses ?
(CINC) Chromium , Iron , Nickel , Carbon
Resistant to corrosion
Kitchen sinks , cutlery , surgical instruments
Why are alloys stronger ?
They are stronger because of the irregularity if the different atoms sizes +structure which stops the layers from sliding over each other making them stronger
Why is aluminum seemingly unreactive despite its high place in the reactivity series.
Because aluminum makes an unreactive layer of aluminum oxide . Which is unreactive
What is the reactivity series
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
What are the products if water + cold water and metal + steam
Metal + cold water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + steam —> metal oxide + hydrogen
What can displace hydrogen from its acid. What does hydrogen do
Everything above hydrogen can displace in its acid + hydrogen cannot reduce its oxides
What is the reaction if a metal and oxygen
Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide
What is the reaction with dilute acids .
Metal + acid, the hydrogen atom is displaced forming a salt + hydrogen. If the metals is above H+ in the R.S
Metals above carbon …
Their oxides cannot be reduced by carbon
Which metals cannot react with dilute HCL + why?
Copper , Silver , Gold cannot react with dilute HCL because it is too unreactive.
In displacement reactions what do metals compete for
Oxygen or anions
What is oxidation ?
What is reduction?(In terms of electrons )
What will the more reactive metal do to a less reactive one ?
What will an highly reactive metal do when it has the O2 or anion?
How is a reaction made faster ?
- Oxidation is the loss of electrons
- Reduction is the gain of electrons
- A more reactive metal will displace the less reactive and gain the anion or oxygen
- no reaction
The further apart the reactivity of the metals the faster the reaction
What is rusting ?
What is its chemical name ?
What are the conditions required for rusting to occur ?
The corrosion of iron or steel via oxidation to firm rust.
Hydrated iron (III) oxide via Oxidation
Water + air containing oxygen
What is the equation for the rusting iron?
Iron + water + oxygen —> hydrated iron (III) oxide .
4Fe (s) + 2H2O(l) + 3O2(g) —> 2Fe2O3.H2O(s)
What are the 2 ways if preventing rust + their explanations
Barrier method - where a metal is coated with a material to prevent being in contact with water and air (panting , greasing , plastic coating)
Sacrificial method- When a more reactive cats and less reactive metal and reacts with air and water preventing contact to the conditions , they lose electrons in preference to iron.
What is galvanizing + what method is it
Galvanization is the protection of iron and steel objects by coating them with a layer of zinc .
The barrier method is due to the zinc layer preventing exposure to air + water & sacrificial protection because it is more reactive than iron and prefers to be corroded in favor of Iron ?
What is the ore for aluminum oxide ?
What is is then dissolved in and for what purpose?
What the half equations at each electrode ?
Why do graphite electrodes replaced ?
Why is cryolite used?
- Bauxite
- Aluminium (III) Oxide (alumina)is dissolved in cryolite that lowers the melting point (industrially preferred )
- at Cathode = Al3+ + 3e- —> Al
- at anode = 2O2- —> O2+ 4e-
- cryolite reduces the melting point/ operating point of Aluminium oxide + increases conductivity.
- At the Carbon anode the carbon and the oxygen frequently react producing CO2 , causing the anode to thin therefore the need of being periodically replaced
Which metals of the R.S can be extracted through electrolysis ?
How are metals between carbon and hydrogen extracted ?
And under hydrogen ?
- Metals before carbon —>potassium , sodium , Aluminium , Magnesium , Calcium .
- reduced by carbon —> iron, zinc , lead
- already pure—> silver , gold , copper
What is the ore for metal?
What does the burning if coke provide ?
What are the raw materials added ?
What are the waste products ?
Name the process and their equations and what type of reaction it is ?
Use of slag ?
Haematite (Fe2O3)
Coke provides reacts with oxygen creases higher temps in the blast furnace +
Limestone , iron , coke , hot air (oxygen )
Nitrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide
Slag is at the bottom and pure iron beneath it and tapped off.
Slag is used for cement + roads
C + O2 —> CO2 (exothermic)
CO2 + C —> 2CO
3CO + Fe2O3 —> 2Fe + 3CO2( reduction)
CaCO3(heat) —> CaO + CO2(thermal decomposition)(lime broken down )
CaO + SiO2 —> CaSiO3 (acid -base Neutralisation )(slag )
