Mastication and ingestion

Question 1

reason for chewing

Answer 1

maintenance of oro-facial tissues

Question 2

what happens to our food as it breaksdown

Answer 2

surface area increases and releases chemicals

Question 3

purpose of saliva

Answer 3

clear the mouth
buffer the acids
lubricates the mouth

Question 4

why we need to chew our foods eg meat

Answer 4

to break down foods in order for enzymes to break down the proteins

Question 5

in eg. fish- reason for chewing

Answer 5

speeds up absorption

Question 6

how many teeth are needed in the dentition

Answer 6

5-5 atleast after this starts to fall away
however if molars do not meet then no benefit

Question 7

lower dentiton kept in eg denture supported by what

Answer 7

atleast 2 implants
think ahead- planning
save roots>tooth

Question 8

3 basic stages of chewing

Answer 8

1- anterior to posterior taste /spit out
2- chew- make bolous especially red meats
3- ready to swallow then swallow- if not keep chewing

Question 9

mechanics of
lips
jaw
cheek
tongue

Answer 9

lips- take food in mouth shut to keep food in
jaw- chewing cycles
cheek- buccinator directs
tongue- strong, crushes food, directs, mix

Question 10

how long is a chewing cycle

Answer 10

1 second

Question 11

4 phases of chewing cycle

Answer 11

open
fast close
slow close
intercuspal

Question 12

food breakdown occurs in what chewing cycle stages

Answer 12

slow close and intercuspal

Question 13

how we chew for
1. tough foods
2. brittle foods
3. abnormal patterns

Answer 13

1. lateral wide
2. vertical
3. double circle / clicking jaw

Question 14

what muscle moves the condyle forward

Answer 14

lateral pterygoid

Question 15

condyle on ws and nws

Answer 15

ws- moves a lot
nws- doesnt move

Question 16

the angle and movement named after

Answer 16

bennetts angle and movement

Question 17

innervation of tmj

Answer 17

cn5-trigeminal

Question 18

ws and nws for closing and opening

Answer 18

closing
ws- less movement to og position
nws-all movement

opening
ws - tiny lateral shift 1mm
nws- moves most-down fowrad medial

Question 19

in the chewing cycle what muscles open

Answer 19

mylohyoid
lateral pterygoid
digastric

Question 20

in the chewing cycle what muscles close

Answer 20

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid can also close

Question 21

control of mastication 3 x

Answer 21

higher centres
chewing centres
motor nucleaus

Question 22

problem with amalgum

Answer 22

takes 24 hours to set- need to eat other side and modify behaviour

Question 23

higher centres function

Answer 23

sends signals (eg. speed up/ slow down)
manual control
however pain signals slow

Question 24

chewing centres function

Answer 24

to contract/ relax

Question 25

motor nucleus function

Answer 25

much quicker reflex- lower down

Question 26

how a preffered side is determined

Answer 26

early on
pain/ no teeth
can change sides

Question 27

swallowing levels

Answer 27

highest- day
then- eating
lowest- sleeping

Question 28

why important to get clef palate fixed

Answer 28

so that food doesn’t go into nasopharynx

Question 29

swallowing liquid 3x

Answer 29

oral- close lips, tongue pushes to back, seal nasal cavity

pharyngeal- tongue powerful - pushes correct way down

oesophageal - movement down tube, wave of muscle contractions very powerful can occur upside down

Question 30

swallowing food x3

Answer 30

preparing stage
pharyngeal stage
oesophageal stage

Question 31

summary of swallowing food

Answer 31

food in broken down, process to the back of the tongue, finally swallowed.