Mastery Terms #13

Question 0

Promoter

Answer 0

specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

Question 2

Intron

Answer 2

sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

Question 3

Exon

Answer 3

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Question 4

RNA polymerase

Answer 4

enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

Question 5

Polypeptide

Answer 5

long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein

Question 7

Anti-codon

Answer 7

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein

Question 9

Gene expression

Answer 9

process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function

Question 10

Point mutation

Answer 10

gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

Question 11

Frameshift mutation

Answer 11

mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Question 12

Mutagen

Answer 12

chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation

Question 13

Differentiation

Answer 13

process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

Question 14

RNA interface

Answer 14

introduction of double-stranded RNA into a cell to inhibit gene expression