Mastery Quiz Flashcards
Non-probability sampling is the selection of participants because they are available, convent, or represent some characteristic the investigator wants to study.
Select one:
True
False
True
Validity is the ability of a research instrument to measures what it is designed to measure.
Select one:
True
False
True
A study was conducted in Israel (Kagan, Ovadia & Kaneti, 2009) to examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) and their (a) professional behavior regarding handwashing, (b) compliance with standard precautions, and (c) avoidance of therapeutic contact with BBP-infected patients. Participants were sampled in groups. From each hospital clinical division, clinical departments (clusters) were randomly selected. Questionnaires were then distributed to all individuals (240) within the groups.
What sampling method is being applied in the study?
Select one: A. Stratified Random Sampling B. Simple Random Sampling C. Systematic Random Sampling D. Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling
The study utilized sample of 21 hospitalized inpatients and 34 outpatients to evaluate their health literacy levels. The inpatients were recruited from medical-surgical areas of the hospital. Outpatients were obtained from several settings, which included cardiac rehabilitation, preadmitting, and neuroscience clinics. Based on scores on the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, 23% of the sample demonstrated marginal or inadequate functional health literacy. Literacy was significantly related to socioeconomic status and education.
What sampling method is being applied in the study?
Select one: A. Convenience Sampling B. Multi-stage Sampling C. Stratified random sampling D. Quota Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Quota sampling _______________ .
Select one:
A. Needs a list of all elements in the study population
B. Is based on convenience in accessing the sample population and is the non probability version of stratified sampling
C. Starts with a few individuals who then identify others to be included in the sample
D. Uses the researcher’s judgment as to the ability of the respondents to contribute to the research
Is based on convenience in accessing the sample population and is the non probability version of stratified sampling
Sampling bias may be defined as the difference between data obtained from a random sample and the data that would be obtained if an entire population were measured.
Select one:
True
False
False
Saturation of data in qualitative research is an indication that data analysis is complete.
Select one:
True
False
True
Validity provides answer to the research question for which it was undertaken by using appropriate methods and procedures.
Select one:
True
False
True
A researcher wishes to conduct a survey of research staff at the University of Kent, to investigate their views about proposed changes to the library opening times. She obtains a list of all of the university’s research staff, and selects 100 people from the list using a random number table. What method of sampling method is this?
Select one: A. Simple random sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Quota sampling D. Cluster sampling
Simple Random Sampling
‘Test/retest’ and ‘parallel forms of the same test’ are _____________.
Select one:
A. External consistency procedures to verify the reliability of a measure
B. Internal consistency procedures to verify the validity of a measure
C. External consistency procedures to verify the validity of a measure
D. Internal consistency procedures to verify the reliability of a measure
External consistency procedures to verify the reliability of a measure
In quantitative research the sample should be unbiased and representative of the population.
Select one:
True
False
True
Systematic sampling ______________.
Select one:
A. Needs a list of all elements in the study population
B. Is based on convenience in accessing the sample population
C. Is none of the above
D. Uses the researcher’s judgment as to the ability of the respondents to contribute to the research
Needs a list of all elements in the study population
Random sampling is also called _____________.
Select one: A. Probability sampling B. Availability sampling C. Prospect sampling D. Probation sampling
Probability Sampling
In a survey of hospital out-patients’ views about the quality of service they receive from a hospital, researchers wanted to canvas an equal amount of women and men. During one particular week 200 women and 200 men were asked to fill in a questionnaire. What method of sampling is this?
Select one: A. Expert sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Quota sampling D. Cluster sampling
Quota Sampling
Choosing every “nth” individual or site in the population until the desired sample size is achieved. What type of sampling method is being described?
Select one: A. Simple Random Sampling B. Stratified Random Sampling C. Purposive Sampling D. Systematic Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
A research tool is 100% accurate if affecting factors such as wording of the questions, moods and interactions between interviewer and interviewee are controlled.
Select one:
True
False
False
Which of the following is a factor affecting reliability of a research instrument?
Select one: A. The respondent’s mood B. The physical setting C. All of the above D. The wording of the questions
All of the above
Which of the following is not a probability sampling method? Select one: A. Cluster sampling B. Simple random sampling C. Systematic random sampling D. Accidental Sampling
Accidental Sampling
In quantitative research ‘internal validity’ is an alternative for judging which of the following in qualitative research?
Select one: A. Confirmability B. Transferability C. Credibility D. Dependability
Credibility
The study population is _______________.
Select one:
A. The number of elements from which information is obtained
B. The way elements are selected for the sample
C. The group of interest for the study from which the sample is selected from
D. Findings based on the information obtained
The group of interest for the study from which the sample is selected from
It is a subset of population selected to participate in the study.
Sample
In qualitative research the saturation point determines the sample size.
Select one:
True
False
True
Power analysis is a procedure that can be used to determine the needed sample size for a research study. Researchers want to ensure that they have enough sample elements to detect a difference or a correlation, if one actually exists between groups or within groups on some variable of interest.
Select one:
True
False
True
Construct validity refers to ________.
Select one:
A. Statistical procedures establish the contribution of each important factor
B. A logic link between research instrument and objective
C. The degree to which an instrument can forecast an outcome
D. How well an instrument compares with a second assessment concurrently done
Statistical procedures establish the contribution of each important factor
An observation is the process of gathering first-hand information by observing people and places at a research site.
Select one:
True
False
True
The study aimed to investigate Jordanian nurses’ perceptions of their role in clinical practice. They surveyed nurses working in private, government, and army hospitals in Jordan. The researchers were able to obtain a minimum quota of 100 nurses working in each of these types of agencies.
What sampling method is being applied in the study?
Select one: A. Purposive Sampling B. Snowball Sampling C. Convenience Sampling D. Quota Sampling
Quota Sampling
In qualitative research ‘transferability’ is an alternative for judging which of the following in quantitative research?
Select one: A. Reliability B. Objectivity C. Internal validity D. External validity
External Validity
Participants are selected because they are willing and available to be studied. What sampling method is being described?
Select one: A. Cluster Sampling B. Convenience Sampling C. Snowball Sampling D. Purposive Sampling
Convenience Sampling
It is also referred to as accidental or incidental and involves choosing readily available people or objects for a study.
Select one: A. Purposive Sampling B. Simple Random Sampling C. Convenience Sampling D. Cluster Sampling
Convenience Sampling
To find out respondents’ attitudes to an issue a researcher can use an open-ended or closed question.
Select one:
True
False
True
It refers to the extent to which it is possible to make an inference that the independent variable is truly causing or influencing the dependent variable and that the relationship between the two is not the spurious effect of an extraneous variable.
Internal Validity
It is a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena.
Theory
Which of the following is/are considered purpose/s of the including Review of Literature in the study being conducted?
Select one or more:
A. to ensure that there will be no duplication of work and researchable areas covered
B. to answer “what has been done relative to the problem at hand?”
C.
to elaborate a statement, to show what the results mean, or to support ideas.
D. to establish confidence on the results of the study
To elaborate a statement, to show what the results mean, or to support ideas.
To ensure that there will be no duplication of work and researchable areas covered, to answer “what has been done relative to the problem at hand?”
It refers to the processes occurring within subjects during the course of the study as a result of the passage of time rather than as a result of a treatment or independent variable.
Maturation
Nonequivalent Control Group is a quasi-experimental design involving the collection of data over an extended time period, with multiple data collection points both prior and after an intervention.
Select one:
True
False
False
In writing the introduction, the writer may start with general but pertinent statements on his study. He presents to his readers a wider perspective and the rationale why the study should be done. Which of the following is not included in formulating an introduction of the study?
Select one:
A. Research methodology to be used in the conduct of the study
B. Objective and implication of the study
C. Review of related studies and literature
D. Gaps of the study
Research methodology to be used in the conduct of the study
Tendency of a researcher to rate subjects high or low because of impression.
Halo Effect
In trend studies, different samples from the same population are surveyed at different points in time. The researcher would then examine and compare responses from year to year to see if any trend is apparent.
Select one:
True
False
True
The nurse conducted a research study entitled “Lived Experiences of COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Survivors.” What type of qualitative research design is being applied by the nurse?
Select one: A. Phenomenology B. Ethnography C. Case Study D. Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
This section of the research study describes the contributions of a particular study to knowledge.
Significance of the Study
The results may reflect the impact of the treatment and some other events external to the study.
Interaction of history and treatment effect
During the nurse-patient interaction, the nurse asks the patient “What do you mean by seasonal thing?”. What type of qualitative question is being employed by the nurse?
Select one: A. Interpretative B. Leading C. Hypothetical D. Provocative
Interpretative
It refers to the degree of confidence in data, interpretation, and methods used to ensure the quality of a study.
Trustworthiness
To improve the credibility of qualitative content analysis, researchers not only need to design data collection strategies that are able to adequately solicit the representations, but also to design transparent processes for coding and drawing conclusions from the raw data. Which of the following strategies is not included in credibility?
Select one: A. Triangulation B. Prolonged engagement C. Practice reflexivity D. Peer briefing
Practice reflexivity
Subjects may behave in a particular manner largely because they are aware of their participation in a study.
Expectancy Effect
Feasibility is an essential consideration of any research project. The researcher needs to be reasonably sure that the study can be carried out. Which of the following is not considered in the feasibility of the study?
Select one: A. Time B. Facilities and Equipment C. Availability of related studies D. Availability of Study Participants
Availability of related studies
Which of the following is not considered as one of the sources of nursing research problems?
Select one: A. Personal Experiences B. Literature Sources C. Duplication of studies D. Social Issues
Duplication of study
The faculty conducted a study entitled “PERFORMANCE ON THE PHILIPPINE NURSES’ LICENSURE EXAMINATION: VARIABILITY AND ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS”. What type of research design is being applied by the faculty?
Select one:
a. Predictive
b. Comparative
c. Correlational
d. Descriptive
Descriptive
It refers to the extent to which the researcher’s working hypothesis can be applied to another context.
Select one: A. Confirmability B. Transferability C. Dependability D. Credibility
Transferability
When a treatment is new, subjects and research agents alike might alter their behavior in various ways. People may be either enthusiastic or skeptical about new methods of doing things. What threat to external validity is being described?
Select one: A. Novelty Effects B. Halo Effect C. Experimenter Effect D. Interaction of History and Treatment Effect
Novelty Effect
A group of faculty conducted a study entitled “Life Expectancy Simulation Model among HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Infected Individuals: A Monte Carlo Approach.” What type of basic classification of research studies is being applied by the faculty?
Select one:
a. Correlational
b. Descriptive
c. Predictive
d. Comparative
Predictive
A group of medical doctors conducted a study entitled “Association between metastatic sites and first-line pembrolizumab treatment outcome for advanced non–small cell lung cancer”. What type of basic classification of research study is being applied by doctors?
Select one: A. Comparative B. Descriptive C. Predictive D. Correlational
Correlational
It is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic.
Research Methodology
It refers to “the extent to which the characteristics of the data, as posited by the researcher, can be confirmed by others who read or review the research results.”
Select one: A. Transferability B. Confirmability C. Credibility D. Dependability
Confirmability
The important criteria for a research problem statement are:
Select one or more:
A. Empirically testable
B. Includes the variables
C. Written in Interrogative Sentence Form
D. Includes the review of related studies
Empirically testable
Includes the variables
Written in Interrogative Sentence Form
Which of the following is not considered as one of the component of experimental research design? Select one: A. cause and effect B. control C. manipulation D. randomization
Cause and effect
This involves two experimental groups and two control groups. This design is effective to eliminate the possible influence of pre-testing on the results of the study.
Select one: A. Solomon Four-Group Design B. Randomized Block Design C. Factorial Design D. Basic Experimental Designs
Solomon Four-Group Design
Which of the following is not considered as a component of a good title?
Select one:
A. Briefly identifies the subject matter field
B. Indicates the purpose of the study/investigation
C. Specific, clear and concise but complete
D. Conclusion of the study
Conclusion of the study
It is used to analyze documented information in the form of texts, media, or even physical items.
Select one: A. Cluster Analysis B. Content Analysis C. Discourse analysis D. Narrative Analysis
Content Analysis
The student nurses conducted a research study entitled “Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence in the Philippines.” Which of the following basic classifications of research design is being applied by the students?
Select one:
a. Descriptive
b. Correlational
c. Comparative
d. Predictive
Comparative
It refers to making a quick notes about something the researcher wants to write all about later.
Field jotting
The nurse conducted a study entitled “Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19 in the Unites States.” Which of the following basic classifications of research study being applied by the researcher?
Select one: A. Comparative B. Correlational C. Descriptive D. Predictive
Descriptive
The psychiatric nurse conducted a research study entitled “Impact of dissociation on the effectiveness of psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.” What type of basic classification of research study is being applied by the nurse?
Select one:
a. Descriptive
b. Predictive
c. Correlational
d. Comparative
Correlation
A group of researchers conducted a study entitled “Ethnomedicinal appraisal and conservation status of medicinal plants among the Manobo tribe of Bayugan City, Philippines.” What type of qualitative research design is being applied by the researchers?
Select one: A. Grounded Theory B. Case Study C. Ethnography D. Phenomenology
Ethnography
This design permits the testing of two or more hypothesis or the manipulation of two or more independent variables.
Factorial Design
It is an organized and synthesized presentation of previous works.
Review of Related Studies and Literature
Which of the following is not considered as a good formulation of title?
Select one or more:
A. Must state the objective of the study
B. Provocative and non-specific words as regards subject matter content
C. Vagueness and incompleteness
D. Awkward or wordy construction
E. Lengthy chemical nomenclature
Awkward or wordy construction
Vagueness and incompleteness
Lengthy chemical nomenclature
Provocative and non-specific words as regards subject matter content
What are the considerations why the researchers must make a thorough review of related studies?
Select one or more:
A.
Gives information on the extent of related studies already conducted to avoid unnecessary replication.
B.
Provides information on what specific problems to consider.
C. To correlate his findings with the results obtained by others.
D.
Minimizes committing the same mistakes made earlier by researchers.
Provides information on what specific problems to consider.
Minimizes committing the same mistakes made earlier by researchers.
To correlate his findings with the results obtained by others.
It is a decision-focused approach to evaluation and emphasizes the systematic provision of information for program management and operation.
Select one: A. CIPP Model B. Objective Based Model C. IPO Model D. ABCD Model
CIPP Model
This method is used to analyze content from various sources, such as interviews of respondents, observations from the field, or surveys.
Select one: A. Narrative analysis B. Content analysis C. Discourse analysis D. Path analysis
Narrative Analysis
