Master's Exam Flashcards
What is the IQ range of borderline intellectual functioning?
71-84 (code on axis II)
What are the five DSM axes?
Axis I - clinical syndromes, pervasive developmental disorders, learning disorders, communication disorders, etc
Axis II - personality disorders, mental retardation
Axis III - general medical conditions
Axis IV - psychosocial stressors
Axis v - GAF Global Assessment of Functioning
What is standard SW tx for a learning disability?
Generally behavioral
What are common meds for ADHD?
Ritalin, stratera, concerta, vyvanse
What should SW do first before starting tx for an elimination disorder?
Refer child for a physical exam before beginning behavioral tx
What meds are used for psychotic disorders?
(Older) Thorazine, Mellaril, Prolixin, Haldol, Stelazine
Newer) Clozaril (side effect is low white blood cells), Risperdal, Zyprexa (side effect is extreme weight gain
What is EPS?
Extra pyramidal side effects of anti psychotic meds
What is dystonia
EPS - stiff tongue
What is akathisia?
Inner restlessness - most common form of EPS
What are some meds used to decrease EPS?
Benadryl, Cogentin, Artane
What is the most common side effect of anti psychotic meds?
Drowsiness or sleepiness
What are 5 types of schizophrenic disorders?
- Disorganized type
- Catatonic
- Paranoid
- Undifferentiated
- Residual
What is the criteria for diagnosing a schizophrenic disorder?
Characteristic psychotic symptoms, deterioration in adaptive functioning, 6 months duration with active phase lasting at least one month
Name types of mood disorders
- Bipolar I (manic episodes, usually with hx of depressive episodes, can have psychotic aspects)
- Bipolar II depressive with at least one hypo manic episode, no psychosis
- Cyclothymic ( last at least 2 years, can’t be without for 2 months, persistent mood disturbance)
- Bipolar NOS
Name depression disorders
Major depressive disorder (must last at least 2 weeks)
Dysthymia (2 year hx of depressed mood)
What meds are used to treat depression?
Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, Celexa, Zoloft (can cause sexual side effects)
What meds are used to treat bipolar disorders?
Lithium salts (helps diminish manic episodes)
Wellbutrin
Depakote
List and describe 8 anxiety disorders
- Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
- Agoraphobia with hx of panic disorder
- Social phobia
- Specific phobia (easiest to treat)
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- PTSD (symptoms must last at least 1 month)
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (chronic worriers , undue president worry for at least 6 months)
- Acute Stress Disorder (2 days - 4 weeks)
What tx is most commonly used for anxiety disorders?
Anti- anxiety meds (better for exogenous factors bc meds can become addictive), and behavioral and cognitive methods.
i. e. systematic desensitization & crisis management
* teach person to recognize and prepare for symptoms
What meds are used to tx anxiety?
Benzodiazepines (central nervous system depressant):
Valium, Ativan, Xanax, Buspar
What are Somatoform Disorders?
Disorders that consist of physical (unconscious) symptoms that have no know physiological cause.
List types of Somatoform disorders
- Somatization disorder (onset in teens and before age 30; hardest people to treat)
- Conversion disorder (change or loss in physical functioning with no relation to a physical condition)
- Pain disorder (preoccupation with pain and no underlying cause)
- Hypochondriasis (preoccupation with the fear of being seriously ill)
- Body dysmorphic disorder ( preoccupation with an imagined body flaw)
What is dyspareunia?
Genital pain in female/ male during/after sex.
What is tx mostly used for treating sexual difficulties?
Sensate focus exercises ( progressive exercises with goal to receive pleasure without pressure to perform and / or achieve orgasm)
List personality disorders in cluster A
Cluster A (odd behavior and are socially withdrawn)
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizoid personality disorder - very detached
- Schizotypal personality disorder - numerous social and interpersonal problems
List cluster B personality disorders
- Antisocial
- Borderline - set clear boundaries, defuse crisis formulation, dialectical behavior therapy
- Narcissistic
- Histrionic - overly dramatic
List cluster c personality disorders
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Dependent
- Obsessive compulsive - perfectionism and inflexibility
List stages of Freud’s psychosexual development.
Oral (ages 0-12 mo) - weaning; fixation produces passivity and dependence
Anal (1-3) - toilet training; fixation is selfishness, rigidity
Phallic (3-6) - Oedipus/Electra complex; successful outcome is identifying with same sex parent and development of super-ego; fixation is reckless sexual behavior, narcissistic
Latency (6-12) focus on social skills instead of sexual
Genital (12+) adult sexual satisfaction
What is ego psychology?
Credited to Ana Freud and Erik Erikson
Strengths based- confront defense mechanisms
Steps include suggestion, abreaction (catharsis is achieved), manipulation, clarification & interpretation
What is Gestault Therapy?
Fritz Perls - focus is on the here and now; client must take responsibility for all aspects of their life; whole is greater and different from the sum of the parts; unexpressed guilt = unfinished business; “I” language is used; psychodrama such as “empty chair” used
What is object relations theory?
A human growth and development theory by Mahler. Individuation and rapprochement(when child successfully separates from caregiver)
Explain client centered theory.
Carl Rogers founder; a human relations theory; techniques are often non- directive; therapist is an active listener
What is Systems Theory?
Pincus & Minahan
Values: society has obligation to ensure people have access to resources and ; when opportunities providing resources, dignity and individuality should be obtained; problems are not viewed as in the client, but in the system.
What 4 systems are identified within the systems theory?
- Change agent system
- Client system
- Target system (people or things that need to be changed to accomplish goals)
- Action system
What are 8 practice skill areas of systems theory?
- Assessing problems
- Collecting data
- Making initial contracts
- Negotiating contracts
- Forming action systems
- Maintaining and coordinating action systems
- Exercising influence
- Terminating the change effort
What is the PIE evaluation system?
Person In Environment; central to SW practice
What 2 theories form the core of family therapy?
Systems and communication theory
Define non-summativity (family therapy term).
The family system is more than the sum of individuals who comprise it. Successful tx includes treating the family together.
Define entropy
The natural tendency to move towards disorder.
Who is the father of family therapy?
Ackerman; insight oriented; used a psychoanalytic approach
Who are the main communication theorists related to family therapy?
Satir - focused on communication problems; more of a practitioner than a theorist
Whitaker - mostly operated with the unconscious and discussed transference phenomena
What is Bowen known for in family therapy?
Extended Family Systems - the therapist is a coach, and genograms and ecomaps are often used; dysfunction can come through several generations
Explain structural family therapy.
Minuchin - behaviors are established through changes in transactional patterns rather than through insight; techniques used are direct confrontation of family behaviors and prescribing the symptom; best for deriving specific outcomes
Describe the strategic theory of family therapy.
Haley - a communications, systems and behavioral approach. Emphasis is also placed on action rather Than insight. Best for outlining PROCESS
Define behavioral family therapy.
Liberman - tx is focused on changing behavior patterns; a behaviorism and social learning theory
What are the basic tenants of crisis intervention?
- Hazardous event
- Vulnerable state
- Precipitating factor - marked by disequilibrium, disorganization and immobility
- Active crisis state - lasts 4-6 weeks until adaptive or maladaptive solution is found; values can be changed at this stage
- Individual reintegrates and reaches equilibrium
What is mechanistic view in regards to human development?
Learning is related primarily to external factors, for example, social learning theory and behavioral theory.
What is the Organismic perspective in regards to human development?
Learning is related to primarily internal factors (Piaget & Kohlberg).
List 8 stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development.
*possible to skip stage
- Oral / Sensory (0-18 mo) Trust vs Mistrust
- Muscular / Anal (18 mo-3 yrs) Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
- Locomotor-genital (3-6 yrs) Initiative vs Guilt
- Latency (6-12 yrs) Industry vs Inferiority
- Adolescense (12-18 yrs) Ego Identity vs Role confusion
- Early Adulthood (19-40 yrs) Intimacy vs Isolation
- Middle Adulthood (40-65 yrs) Generativity vs Stagnation
- Maturity (65-death) Integrity vs Despair
List Kohlberg’s 6 stages of Moral Development.
* Cannot skip stage
Pre-Coventional Morality (4-10)
1. Punishment-Obedience Orientation
2. Instrumental-Relativism Orientation (motivation is to satisfy own needs)
Conventional Morality (10-13)
3. Wants to avoid disapproval
4. Law & order orientation (fear of perceived legitimate auth)
Post-Conventional Morality (adolescent to adulthood)
5. Legalistic Orientation (concerned with fitting in the community)
6. Gains sense of a universal ethical principle; conscience determines conduct
Terms associated with Piaget’s Cognitive Development
adaption - finding and establishing a “goodness of fit”
assimilation - incorporating one’s environment into existing environment “when in Rome…”
accommodation - modify current thought structure to deal with new features of an environment
List stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor (0-2) look to the environment for sensory info; Object Permanence achieved
- Pre-operational Thought (2-7) use of language and modeling; irreversibility achieved (understanding there’s a beginning and an end)
- Concrete Operational (7-11) can understand abstract symbols ; realistic in way of thinking
- Formal Operations - abstract thinking becomes possible
