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Master Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Common uses for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

Pain reliever, fever reducer

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2
Q

Indication for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

mild pain, fever

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3
Q

Classification of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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4
Q

Side effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • nausea and stomach pain
  • loss of appetite
  • itching
  • rash
  • headache
  • dark urine, clay-colored stools
  • jaundice
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5
Q

Contraindications of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • hypersensitivity to drug

- sever and active liver disease - use caution in patients with long-term alcohol use

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6
Q

Nursing considerations with Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • use caution in IV administration to avoid dosing errors
  • base dose on weight for patients less than 50kg
  • when calculating daily dose be aware that many OTC and prescription products contain acetaminophen
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7
Q

Common use for Albuterol

A

prevent or treat bronchospasm

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8
Q

Indication for Albuterol

A

prevent or treat bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma)

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9
Q

Classification of Albuterol

A

bronchodilator, adrenergic

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10
Q

Side effects of Albuterol

A
  • nervousness/shakiness
  • headache
  • throat or nasal irritation
  • muscle aches
  • nausea/vomiting
  • tachycardia and palpitations
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11
Q

Contraindications for Albuterol

A
  • hypersensitivity to drug

- use caution with cardiovascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Common us of Aspirin

A
  • mild pain
  • fever
  • RA and osteoarthritis
  • acute MI
  • prophylaxis to prevent clots
  • acute ischemic stroke
  • recurrent TIAs
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13
Q

Indications of Aspirin

A
  • analgesic
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antipyretic
  • antiplatelet properties
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14
Q

Classification of Aspirin

A

salicylate, NSAID

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15
Q

Side effects of Aspirin

A
  • skin swelling
  • bronchospasm
  • CNS alteration
  • cerebral edema
  • GI pain/ulceration/bleeding
  • nausea/vomiting
  • rash, hives
  • tinnitus
  • platelet aggregation/inhibition
  • pulmonary edema
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16
Q

contraindications of Aspirin

A
  • tartrazine allergy
  • hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs
  • aspirin-induced urticaria
  • aspirin-intolerant asthma
  • bleeding GI ulcers
  • hemophilia
  • hemorrhoids
  • lactating mother
  • nasal polyps associated with asthma
  • sarcoidosis
  • thrombocytopenia
  • ulcerative colitis
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17
Q

Nursing considerations with Aspirin

A
  • aspirin has interactions with at least 257 other medications
  • should not be given with influenza live virus vaccine
  • educate against alcohol use
  • caffeine may increase drug absorption
  • prolonged therapy - should assess hematocrit, Hb level, PT, INR, and renal function; monitor salicylate level; stop drug 5-7 days before elective surgery
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18
Q

Indication for bicarbonate

A
  • hyperkalemia
  • treatment of sodium channel blocker overdose
  • urinary alkalization
  • metabolic acidosis due to HCO3 loss
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19
Q

Indication of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

constipation - preparation for surgery or rectal/bowel exam

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20
Q

Classification of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

laxative - diphenylmethane derivative

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21
Q

Contraindications of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A
  • do not give enema in children younger than age 12
  • ileus/intestinal obstruction
  • acute abdominal conditions - appendicitis, acute inflammatory bowel diseases, and severe abdominal pain associated with nausea/vomiting
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22
Q

Nursing considerations of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A
  • may lead to hypokalemia
  • may cause abdominal pain and cramps
  • not for use within 1 hours of taking milk product
  • assess for abdominal distention and bowel function
  • instruct pt. to drink 1500-2000 mL/day
  • monitor fluid and electrolyte levels
  • instruct pt. to take as ordered - not too much
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23
Q

Indications of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • HTN
  • left ventricular dysfunction after MI
  • mild to severe heart failure
  • to prevent angina, heart disease, and stroke
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24
Q

Classification of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • antihypertensive

- alpha-nonselective beta blocker

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25
Q

Side effects of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • bradycardia
  • weight gain
  • chest pain, discomfort, tightness, or heaviness
  • dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
  • generalized swelling - of feet, ankles, lower legs
  • pain
  • allergy
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26
Q

Contraindications of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • bronchial asthma, bronchospasm
  • COPD
  • 2nd/3rd degree AV block
  • sick sinus syndrome without permanent pacemaker
  • severe bradycardia
  • severe hepatic impairment
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27
Q

Nursing considerations of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • monitor BP and pulse frequently
  • assess for orthostatic hypotension
  • if heart rate decreases below 55bpm, decrease dose
  • monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight
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28
Q

Indications of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A
  • susceptible bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin, bone and joint
  • acute otitis media
  • UTIs
  • septicemia
  • pelvic inflammatory disease
  • abdominal infections
  • meningitis
  • uncomplicated gonorrhea
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29
Q

Classification of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A
  • antibiotic, third generation cephalosporins
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30
Q

Side effects of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A
  • symptoms of a blood cell disorder
  • diarrhea
  • vaginal itching or discharge
  • warmth, tight feeling, or a hard lump where the injection was given
  • rash
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31
Q

Contraindications of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A
  • allergy to cephalosporins

- use caution in pts. allergic to penicillin

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32
Q

Nursing considerations of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A
  • watch for seizures - notify physician immediately
  • monitor signs of pseudomembranous colitis - diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, pus/mucus in stools
  • monitor for signs of superinfection
  • monitor PT and INR in patients with impaired vitamin K synthesis
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33
Q

Indications of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A
  • acute coronary syndromes - ST-elevation MI, non-ST elevation MI, and unstable angina
  • deep venous thrombosis (DVT) therapy
  • deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis
  • treatment for pulmonary embolism
  • venous thromboembolism secondary to malignancy
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34
Q

Classification of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A
  • low molecular weight heparin
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35
Q

Side effects of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A
  • nausea, diarrhea
  • anemia
  • confusion
  • pain, bruising, redness, or irritation at injection site
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36
Q

Contraindications of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A
  • allergy
  • heparin
  • pork products
  • active major bleeding
  • history of immune-mediated heparin induced thrombocytopenia
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37
Q

Nursing considerations of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A
  • make sure hemostasis is achieved at injection site
  • monitor vital signs and site for hematoma and bleeding
  • monitor platelet counts regularly
  • treat severe overdose with protamine sulfate by slow IV injection
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38
Q

Indications of Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • hypersecretory conditions
  • GERD
  • duodenal ulcers
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39
Q

Classification of Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • antiulcer drug, H2-receptor antagonists
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40
Q

Side effects of Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • tightness in throat or chest
  • wheezing, cough, dyspnea
  • rash, pruritis
  • urticaria
  • headache, dizziness
  • constipation, diarrhea
  • vomiting
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41
Q

Contraindications of Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • allergy
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42
Q

Nursing considerations of Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • assess pt. for abdominal pain
  • look for blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate
  • monitor pts. with renal dysfunction for QT-interval prolongation
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43
Q

Indications of Fentanyl

A
  • IV and IM indicated for analgesia during induction, maintenance, and recovery from general and regional anesthesia
  • sublingual tables, lozenges, buccal tablets, sprays, indicated for the management breakthrough pain in opioid tolerant cancer pts. who require around the clock pain management
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44
Q

classification of Fentanyl

A
  • opioid analgesic
  • opioid agonist
  • controlled substance schedule II
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45
Q

side effects of Fentanyl

A
  • relaxation/sedation/drowsiness
  • euphoria, unusual thoughts/dreams, hallucinations
  • pain relief
  • confusion
  • dizziness
  • urinary retention
  • pupillary constriction/vision changes
  • swelling of extremities
  • agitation
  • fever, sweating
  • tachycardia
  • shivering
  • severe muscle stiffness or twitching, loss of coordination
  • nausea/vomiting
  • respiratory depression
46
Q

contraindications of Fentanyl

A
  • allergy
  • asthma
  • head injuries and increased intercranial pressure
  • MAOI usage
  • children under 2 years old
47
Q

nursing considerations of Fentanyl

A
  • monitor respiratory and cardiac status

- naloxone should be readily available to reverse adverse effects

48
Q

Indications of Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A
  • acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, pain disorder, and bulimia nervosa
49
Q

Indications of Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • peripheral edema or edema associated with heart failure, chronic lung disease, or nephrotic syndrome
  • hypertension
  • hypercalcemia
50
Q

classification of Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • loop diuretic
51
Q

side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • dizziness, headache
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • blurred/yellow vision, photosensitivity
  • sore throat
  • fever
  • abdominal pain
  • muscle spasm
  • tinnitus, hearing loss
52
Q

contraindications of Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • allergy
  • anuria
  • caution in hepatic cirrhosis and premature infants
53
Q

nursing considerations of Furosemide (Lasix)

A
  • prevent nocturia - give in the morning or early afternoon
  • monitor weight, BP, and pulse rate routinely
  • monitor fluid intake/output, electrolytes, BUN, and carbon dioxide levels
  • watch for signs of hypokalemia (muscle weakness and cramps)
  • closely monitor glucose levels in diabetic pts.
54
Q

Indications of Glucagon

A
  • severe hypoglycemia
  • congenital hyperinsulinemia
  • beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker toxicity
55
Q

classification of Glucagon

A
  • peptide hormone
56
Q

side effects of Glucagon

A
  • temporary changes in blood pressure
  • increased HR
  • allergic reactions
  • nausea/vomiting
  • hypoglycemia
57
Q

contraindications of Glucagon

A
  • allergy

- caution with pts. with a history of insulinoma, pheochromocytoma

58
Q

nursing considerations of Glucagon

A
  • assess IV site closely for signs of extravasation
  • observe for adverse effects
  • observe for signs of hypoglycemia
  • monitor blood glucose levels
  • monitor BP regularly
59
Q

Indications of Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • lower glucose in pts. with type 2 diabetes

- prevention of type 2 diabetes

60
Q

classification of Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • antidiabetic, biguanide
61
Q

side effects of Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • nausea/vomiting, stomach upset
  • diarrhea
  • weakness
  • metallic taste in mouth
62
Q

contraindications of Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • eGFR below 30
  • infection
  • low blood sugar
  • pituitary hormone deficiency
  • decreased function of the adrenal gland
  • inadequate vitamin B12
  • excess body acid
  • dehydration
  • alcoholism
63
Q

nursing considerations of Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • monitor glucose levels frequently
64
Q

Indications of Heparin

A
  • prevention and treatment of thrombotic events (DVT, PE)
65
Q

Classification of Heparin

A
  • anticoagulant
66
Q

Contraindications of Heparin

A
  • allergy
  • past/present heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
  • active bleeding
  • severe HTN
  • GI ulcers
67
Q

Indications of Hydrocodone

A
  • moderate to severe pain in trauma, postoperative, and cancer pts.
68
Q

Classification of Hydrocodone

A
  • narcotic analgesic, controlled substance schedule II
69
Q

side effects of Hydrocodone

A
  • dizziness, drowsiness
  • constipation
  • nausea/vomiting
  • respiratory depression
  • sedation
  • impairment of mental and physical performance
  • rash
  • palpitations
70
Q

contraindications of Hydrocodone

A
  • do not give if respirations are less than 12/min

- avoid use with alcohol, DNS depressants

71
Q

Nursing considerations of Hydrocodone

A
  • use caution with CNS depressants and/or alcohol

- habit-forming drug

72
Q

Indications of Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

A
  • pruritis, anxiety, nausea/vomiting
73
Q

Indications of Hydrochlorothiazide

A
  • management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy
  • management of HTN
74
Q

Indications of Ibuprofen

A
  • analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic
75
Q

classification of Ibuprofen

A
  • NSAID, non-selective COX inhibitor
76
Q

side effects of Ibuprofen

A
  • headaches, dizziness
  • nausea/vomiting, indigestion
  • ringing in ears
77
Q

contraindications of Ibuprofen

A
  • allergy
  • asthma
  • active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulceration
78
Q

nursing considerations of Ibuprofen

A
  • may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
  • may cause anaphylaxis
  • monitor for headache, nausea/vomiting, constipation
  • monitor renal and liver labs
  • pt. should avoid using alcohol
79
Q

Indications of Lanoxin (digoxin)

A
  • treatment of mild to moderate heart failure
  • increase myocardial contraction in children diagnosed with heart failure
  • to maintain control ventricular rate in pts. diagnosed with chronic atrial fibrillation
80
Q

classification of of Lanoxin (digoxin)

A
  • digitaliz glycoside
81
Q

side effects of Lanoxin (digoxin)

A
  • chest pain or discomfort
  • nausea
  • shortness of breath, trouble breathing
  • swelling of the feet and lower legs
  • unusual tiredness or weakness
  • vision changes
  • rash
  • irregular heartbeat
82
Q

contraindications of Lanoxin (digoxin)

A
  • acute MI
  • allergy
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • myocarditis
  • hypomagnesemia
  • hypokalemia
83
Q

nursing contraindications of Lanoxin (digoxin)

A
  • serum digoxin levels should be monitored (normal of 0.8 to 2 ng/mL)
  • serum potassium levels monitored
84
Q

Indications of Lantus (Glargine)

A
  • hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2
85
Q

classification of Lantus (Glargine)

A
  • pancreatic, antidiabetics, hormone
86
Q

side effects of Lantus (Glargine)

A
  • headache
  • hunger
  • weakness
  • sweating
  • tremors
  • irritability
  • trouble concentrating
  • rapid breathing
  • hypokalemia
87
Q

contraindications of of Lantus (Glargine)

A
  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • infection
  • surgery
  • thyroid disease
  • hepatic disease
  • renal failure/impairment
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
88
Q

nursing considerations of Lantus (Glargine)

A
  • monitor for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
  • monitor body weight over time
  • monitor blood sugars
89
Q

Indications of Nitroglycerin

A
  • prevent and treat angina due to cardiovascular disease
  • treat perioperative HTN or induce intraoperative hypotension
  • treat acute heart failure in pts. with MI
90
Q

Classification of Nitroglycerin

A
  • vasodilator
91
Q

Side effects of Nitroglycerin

A
  • headache, dizziness, lightheadedness
  • nausea
  • flushing
  • burning/tingling under the tongue
92
Q

contraindications of Nitroglycerin

A
  • known history of increased intracranial pressure, severe anemia, right-sided MI
  • allergy
93
Q

nursing considerations of Nitroglycerin

A
  • check blood pressure and pulse before each administration

- needs to be stored in light resistant container in a cool environment - NTG is very unstable

94
Q

Indications of Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A
  • gastric and duodenal ulcers
  • erosive esophagitis
  • GERD
95
Q

Classification of Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A
  • proton pump inhibitor
96
Q

side effects of Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A
  • headaches
  • nausea/vomiting
  • diarrhea/constipation, flatulence
  • stomach pain
97
Q

contraindications of Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A
  • allergy

- pts. taking dosage forms containing rilpivirine

98
Q

nursing considerations of Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A
  • advise pt. to avoid alcohol and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation
  • instruct pt. to report bothersome or prolonged side effects
99
Q

indications of Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • prevention of nausea/vomiting in cancer patients
100
Q

classification of Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, antiemetic
101
Q

contraindications of Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • allergy

- receiving concomitant apomorphine due to the risk of profound hypotension and loss of consciousness

102
Q

nursing considerations of Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • monitor the pts. ECG

- correct electrolyte abnormalities before infusing drug

103
Q

Indications for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)

A
  • over the counter osmotic laxative for occasional constipation
104
Q

classification for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)

A
  • osmotic laxative
105
Q

side effects for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)

A
  • bloating, gas, upset stomach
  • dizziness
  • increased sweating
  • severe or bloody diarrhea
  • severe or worsening stomach pain
106
Q

contraindications for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)

A
  • bowel obstruction
  • appendicitis
  • inflamed bowel disease
  • perforated bowel
  • allergy
107
Q

nursing considerations for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)

A
  • high doses may produce diarrhea

- electrolyte imbalances - monitor

108
Q

indications for Regular Insulin

A
  • treatment of type 1 diabetes; can be used in type 2
109
Q

classification for Regular Insulin

A
  • short-acting insulin
110
Q

side effects for Regular Insulin

A
  • initial weight gain
  • hypoglycemia
  • rashes, bumps or swelling at injection site
  • anxiety/depression
111
Q

contraindications for Regular Insulin

A
  • hypoglycemia

- allergy

112
Q

nursing considerations for Regular Insulin

A
  • use caution in hypokalemia
  • monitor blood glucose level
  • monitor carefully when initiating therapy

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