MASTER CHART Flashcards
MUST BE TRUE CONDITIONAL
DIAGRAM STIMULUS. THE CORRECT ANSWER WILL BE CONTRAPOSITIVE OR CHAIN CONTRACTION. REJECT ANSWER CHOICES THAT ASK YOU TO “GO INTO THE VOID.”
MUST BE TRUE CAUSAL REASONING
NO NEW INFO, NO CAT 1 LANGUAGE. SOFTER IS BETTER.
MUST BE TRUE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING
NO NEW INFO. NO CAT 1 LANGUAGE. SOFTER IS BETTER
MAIN PAOINT CONDITIONAL
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.
MAIN CASUAL REASONING
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.
MAIN POINT EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.
AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT CONDITIONAL
NOT POSSIBLE
AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT CASUAL
DRAW A CHART TO POPULATE WITH CHECKS, XS, AND ?S. THE CORRECT ANSWER NEEDS ONE CHECK AND ONE X
AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
DRAW A CHART TO POPULATE WITH CHECKS, XS, AND ?S. THE CORRECT ANSWER NEEDS ONE CHECK AND ONE X
METHOD CONDITIONAL REASONING
TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.
METHOD CAUSAL REASONING
TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.
METHOD EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING
TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.
FLAW CONDITIONAL REASONING
SCAN FOR CONDITIONAL LANGUAGE: SUFFICIENT (ENOUGH GUARANTEE, ASSURED/ ENSURE), NECESSARY (NEEDED, REQUIRED), CONDITION/ PRECONDITION, ONLY/THE ONLY
FLAW CAUSAL REASONING
SCAN CAUSAL LANGUAGE: CAUSE, EFFECT, EXPLANATION, CORRELATION, HAPPENS BEFORE/AFTER, RESULT OF, DUE TO
FLAW EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING
CHECK TO SEE IF THE FLAW IS A COMMON FLAW. REMEMBER “FAILS TO CONSIDER” OR ““IGNORES THE POSSIBILITY” CHANGES IT TO WEAKEN. REMEMBER “PRESUMES, WITHOUT PROVIDING JUSTIFICATION” OR “TAKES FOR GRANTED” CHANGES IT TO ASSUMPTION
PARALLEL CONDITIONAL REASONING
FORCE TEST, THEN MATCH FOR IMPROPER NEGATION, IMPROPER REVERSAL, OR VALID CONTRAPOSITIVE. ELIMINATE ANSWER CHOICES WITH SIMILAR TOPIC. WHEN DIAGRAMMING REMEMBER TO USE THE SAME TERMS FROM THE GRAND RULE IN THE CURRENT OBS AND CONCLUSION.
PARALLEL CAUSAL REASONING
FORCE TEST, THEN ABSTRACT THE ARGUMENT
PARALLEL EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING
FORCE TEST, THEN ABSTRACT THE ARGUMENT
CANNOT BE TRUE CONDITIONAL
DIAGRAM AND ELIMINATE ANSWERS THAT START WITH THE RIGHTMOST (OR NEGATED LEFTMOST) VARIABLE. PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN PROVE IS FALSE, NEVER ONE “THAT GOES INTO THE VOID”
CANNOT BE TRUE CASUAL
NOT POSSIBLE
CANNOT BE TRUE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT YOU CAN PROVE DOESN’T WORK, BASED ONLY ON STIMULUS. THOSE THAT COULD BE FALSE ARE NOT CORRECT, THEY MUST BE PROVABLY FALSE!
ASSUMPTION CONDITIONAL
CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.
ASSUMPTION CAUSAL
THEY ARE ASSUMING THAT SOMETHING THAT WOULD WEAKEN THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP DOESN’T EXIST. EG, IT WILL SAY THERE ARE NO POSSIBLE ALT CAUSES, THE CAUSE IS ALWAYS LINKED TO THE EFFECTOR VICE-VERSA, THE CAUSE AND EFFECT ARE NOT REVERSED, THERE IS NO DATA ERROR.
ASSUMPTION EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
CHECK FOR NEW TERMS, THEN USE ASSUMPTION TOOL BOX: NEGATION TEST, UNSTATED PREMISE, CHECK AC—>C
JUSTIFY CONDITIONAL
CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.
JUSTIFY CAUSAL
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT ELIMINATES THE POSSIBILITY OF THERE BEING ANY OTHER CAUSE.
JUSTIFY EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
JUSTIFY “SHOULD” WITH “SHOULD”. CHECK AC–>C. MAKE ANY OTHER AVAILABLE OPTIONS ALSO LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION.
STRENGTHEN CONDITIONAL
CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.
STRENGTHEN CAUSAL
NO ALT CAUSE, SAME CAUSE SAME EFFECT, NO CAUSE NO EFFECT, NOT REVERSED, NO DATA ERROR.
STRENGTHEN EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
MAKE CONCLUSION MORE LIKELY TO BE TRUE. CHECK FOR NEW TERMS IN THE CONCLUSION.
RESOLVE CONDITIONAL
NOT POSSIBE
RESOLVE CAUSAL
NOT POSSIBE
RESOLVE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
PARSE THE PARADOX PROPERLY, THEN FIND ANSWER CHOICE THAT ALLOWS BOTH SIDES TO COEXIST WITHOUT ALTERING THE FACTS OF THE SCENARIO
WEAKEN CONDITIONAL
DIAGRAM CONDITIONAL CONCLUSION. FIND ANSWER CHOICE THAT SHOWS YOU CAN HAVE THE SAME SUFFICIENT AND OPPOSITE NECESSARY.
WEAKEN CAUSAL
IN ORDER OF PREVALENCE: ALT CAUSE, CAUSE NO EFFECT, NOT REVERSED, DATA ERROR, CORRELATED (A 3RD THING CAUSED BOTH)
WEAKEN EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
MAKE THE CONCLUSION LESS LIKELY TO BE TRUE.
EVALUATE CONDITIONAL
PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT REPRESENTS THE ONE QUESTION YOU’D WANT ANSWERED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF THE CONCLUSION IS VALID OR NOT. (IF CONDITIONAL, PICK ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS WHETHER THE SUFFICIENT CAN EXIST WITHOUT THE NECESSARY).
EVALUTATE CAUSAL
FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS ABOUT WHETHER THERE MAY BE ANOTHER CAUSE
EVALUATE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED
PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT REPRESENTS THE ONE QUESTION YOU’D WANT ANSWERED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF THE CONCLUSION IS VALID OR NOT. (IF CONDITIONAL, PICK ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS WHETHER THE SUFFICIENT CAN EXIST WITHOUT THE NECESSARY).
