MASTER CHART

Question 1

MUST BE TRUE CONDITIONAL

Answer 1

DIAGRAM STIMULUS. THE CORRECT ANSWER WILL BE CONTRAPOSITIVE OR CHAIN CONTRACTION. REJECT ANSWER CHOICES THAT ASK YOU TO “GO INTO THE VOID.”

Question 2

MUST BE TRUE CAUSAL REASONING

Answer 2

NO NEW INFO, NO CAT 1 LANGUAGE. SOFTER IS BETTER.

Question 3

MUST BE TRUE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING

Answer 3

NO NEW INFO. NO CAT 1 LANGUAGE. SOFTER IS BETTER

Question 4

MAIN PAOINT CONDITIONAL

Answer 4

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.

Question 5

MAIN CASUAL REASONING

Answer 5

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.

Question 6

MAIN POINT EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING

Answer 6

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT RESTATES THE CONCLUSION. ARGUMENTS THAT START WITH “SOME PEOPLE THINK” WILL GENERALLY HAVE THE CONCLUSION AS THE NEXT SENTENCE. GIVE IT CONTEXT BY REFERRING TO THE PREVIOUS SENTENCE.

Question 7

AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT CONDITIONAL

Answer 7

NOT POSSIBLE

Question 8

AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT CASUAL

Answer 8

DRAW A CHART TO POPULATE WITH CHECKS, XS, AND ?S. THE CORRECT ANSWER NEEDS ONE CHECK AND ONE X

Question 9

AGREEMENT/ DISAGREEMENT EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 9

DRAW A CHART TO POPULATE WITH CHECKS, XS, AND ?S. THE CORRECT ANSWER NEEDS ONE CHECK AND ONE X

Question 10

METHOD CONDITIONAL REASONING

Answer 10

TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.

Question 11

METHOD CAUSAL REASONING

Answer 11

TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.

Question 12

METHOD EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING

Answer 12

TAKE YOUR TIME! LINK EVERY ABSTRACT IDEA WITH WHAT IT MUST REFER TO. ORDER MATTERS.

Question 13

FLAW CONDITIONAL REASONING

Answer 13

SCAN FOR CONDITIONAL LANGUAGE: SUFFICIENT (ENOUGH GUARANTEE, ASSURED/ ENSURE), NECESSARY (NEEDED, REQUIRED), CONDITION/ PRECONDITION, ONLY/THE ONLY

Question 14

FLAW CAUSAL REASONING

Answer 14

SCAN CAUSAL LANGUAGE: CAUSE, EFFECT, EXPLANATION, CORRELATION, HAPPENS BEFORE/AFTER, RESULT OF, DUE TO

Question 15

FLAW EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING

Answer 15

CHECK TO SEE IF THE FLAW IS A COMMON FLAW. REMEMBER “FAILS TO CONSIDER” OR ““IGNORES THE POSSIBILITY” CHANGES IT TO WEAKEN. REMEMBER “PRESUMES, WITHOUT PROVIDING JUSTIFICATION” OR “TAKES FOR GRANTED” CHANGES IT TO ASSUMPTION

Question 16

PARALLEL CONDITIONAL REASONING

Answer 16

FORCE TEST, THEN MATCH FOR IMPROPER NEGATION, IMPROPER REVERSAL, OR VALID CONTRAPOSITIVE. ELIMINATE ANSWER CHOICES WITH SIMILAR TOPIC. WHEN DIAGRAMMING REMEMBER TO USE THE SAME TERMS FROM THE GRAND RULE IN THE CURRENT OBS AND CONCLUSION.

Question 17

PARALLEL CAUSAL REASONING

Answer 17

FORCE TEST, THEN ABSTRACT THE ARGUMENT

Question 18

PARALLEL EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED REASONING

Answer 18

FORCE TEST, THEN ABSTRACT THE ARGUMENT

Question 19

CANNOT BE TRUE CONDITIONAL

Answer 19

DIAGRAM AND ELIMINATE ANSWERS THAT START WITH THE RIGHTMOST (OR NEGATED LEFTMOST) VARIABLE. PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN PROVE IS FALSE, NEVER ONE “THAT GOES INTO THE VOID”

Question 20

CANNOT BE TRUE CASUAL

Answer 20

NOT POSSIBLE

Question 21

CANNOT BE TRUE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 21

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT YOU CAN PROVE DOESN’T WORK, BASED ONLY ON STIMULUS. THOSE THAT COULD BE FALSE ARE NOT CORRECT, THEY MUST BE PROVABLY FALSE!

Question 22

ASSUMPTION CONDITIONAL

Answer 22

CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.

Question 23

ASSUMPTION CAUSAL

Answer 23

THEY ARE ASSUMING THAT SOMETHING THAT WOULD WEAKEN THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP DOESN’T EXIST. EG, IT WILL SAY THERE ARE NO POSSIBLE ALT CAUSES, THE CAUSE IS ALWAYS LINKED TO THE EFFECTOR VICE-VERSA, THE CAUSE AND EFFECT ARE NOT REVERSED, THERE IS NO DATA ERROR.

Question 24

ASSUMPTION EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 24

CHECK FOR NEW TERMS, THEN USE ASSUMPTION TOOL BOX: NEGATION TEST, UNSTATED PREMISE, CHECK AC—>C

Question 25

JUSTIFY CONDITIONAL

Answer 25

CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.

Question 26

JUSTIFY CAUSAL

Answer 26

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT ELIMINATES THE POSSIBILITY OF THERE BEING ANY OTHER CAUSE.

Question 27

JUSTIFY EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 27

JUSTIFY “SHOULD” WITH “SHOULD”. CHECK AC–>C. MAKE ANY OTHER AVAILABLE OPTIONS ALSO LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION.

Question 28

STRENGTHEN CONDITIONAL

Answer 28

CHECK FOR NEW TERMS. FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE YOU CAN WEDGE INTO THE PREMISE CHAIN TO MAKE IT MATCH THE CONCLUSION.

Question 29

STRENGTHEN CAUSAL

Answer 29

NO ALT CAUSE, SAME CAUSE SAME EFFECT, NO CAUSE NO EFFECT, NOT REVERSED, NO DATA ERROR.

Question 30

STRENGTHEN EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 30

MAKE CONCLUSION MORE LIKELY TO BE TRUE. CHECK FOR NEW TERMS IN THE CONCLUSION.

Question 31

RESOLVE CONDITIONAL

Answer 31

NOT POSSIBE

Question 32

RESOLVE CAUSAL

Answer 32

NOT POSSIBE

Question 33

RESOLVE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 33

PARSE THE PARADOX PROPERLY, THEN FIND ANSWER CHOICE THAT ALLOWS BOTH SIDES TO COEXIST WITHOUT ALTERING THE FACTS OF THE SCENARIO

Question 34

WEAKEN CONDITIONAL

Answer 34

DIAGRAM CONDITIONAL CONCLUSION. FIND ANSWER CHOICE THAT SHOWS YOU CAN HAVE THE SAME SUFFICIENT AND OPPOSITE NECESSARY.

Question 35

WEAKEN CAUSAL

Answer 35

IN ORDER OF PREVALENCE: ALT CAUSE, CAUSE NO EFFECT, NOT REVERSED, DATA ERROR, CORRELATED (A 3RD THING CAUSED BOTH)

Question 36

WEAKEN EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 36

MAKE THE CONCLUSION LESS LIKELY TO BE TRUE.

Question 37

EVALUATE CONDITIONAL

Answer 37

PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT REPRESENTS THE ONE QUESTION YOU’D WANT ANSWERED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF THE CONCLUSION IS VALID OR NOT. (IF CONDITIONAL, PICK ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS WHETHER THE SUFFICIENT CAN EXIST WITHOUT THE NECESSARY).

Question 38

EVALUTATE CAUSAL

Answer 38

FIND THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS ABOUT WHETHER THERE MAY BE ANOTHER CAUSE

Question 39

EVALUATE EVIDENCE/ OPINION- BASED

Answer 39

PICK THE ANSWER CHOICE THAT REPRESENTS THE ONE QUESTION YOU’D WANT ANSWERED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF THE CONCLUSION IS VALID OR NOT. (IF CONDITIONAL, PICK ANSWER CHOICE THAT ASKS WHETHER THE SUFFICIENT CAN EXIST WITHOUT THE NECESSARY).