Masses

Question 1

Basic Empty Mass (BEM)

Answer 1

Empty mass + standard items (including unusable fuel)

Question 2

Basic mass

Answer 2

BEM + 2 pilots

Question 3

Dry Operating Mass (DOM)

Answer 3

BEM + crew + operational items

Question 4

Operating Mass (OM)

Answer 4

Dry operating mass+ Take-off fuel

Question 5

Zero fuel mass (ZFM)

Answer 5

Dry operating mass + Traffic load

Question 6

Take-off mass

Answer 6

Ramp mass − taxi fuel
or
Operating mass + Trafic load

Question 7

Trafic load

Answer 7

Cargo + passengers and baggage

Question 8

Landing mass

Answer 8

Take-off mass − Trip fuel

Question 9

Take-off fuel consists off

Answer 9

• Trip fuel
• Alternate fuel
• Final reserve fuel
• Contingency fuel

Question 10

Trip fuel covers…..

Answer 10

Fuel used to get from A to B (From take-off thrust set, to touchdown at destination)

Question 11

Alternate fuel covers…..

Answer 11

Extra fuel, which covers from the start of a missed approach, to touchdown at alternate airport

Question 12

Final reserve fuel covers….

Answer 12

30 min of holding time AFTER diverting

Question 13

Amount of Contingency fuel

Answer 13

5% of trip fuel or 3% of trip fuel

Question 14

Fuel that is NOT part of Take-off fuel

Answer 14

• Block fuel/Ramp fuel
• Taxi-fuel
• Reserve fuel
• Extra fuel

Question 15

Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM)

Answer 15

• Structural limit
• All exceeding mass must be fuel

Question 16

Maximum Take off mass

Answer 16

Structural or Perfomance limit
- Structural limit is defined by undercarrige strenght
- Perfomance limit defined by ability to climb

Question 17

Maximum landing mass

Answer 17

Structural or Perfomance limit
- Structural limit defined by landing gear strenght; and must be able to withstand a landing with a descent rate of 600ft/min

Question 18

Useful load

Answer 18

Take-off mass (TOM) − Dry operating mass (DOM)
or
Total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo- including non-revenue load and usable fuel