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Massage Theory Final- Study Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following would NOT be found in a definition of massage therapy?
A. Manipulation of soft tissues of the body
B. Enhancement of health and healing
C. Spinal Adjustment
D. Intentional and systematic

A

C. Spinal Adjustment

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2
Q

In which type of setting would massage therapists typically interact with personal trainers and exercise physiologists?
A. Personal Care
B. Sports and fitness
C. Health care
D. Private Practice

A

B. Sports and fitness

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3
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the massage therapy profession today?
A. It is uniquely focused on the use of soft tissue manipulation to improve the well-being of recipients
B. it is rooted in the tradition of natural healing
C. It maintains a holistic and wellness perspective
D. All of the aboce

A

D. All of the above

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4
Q

The general term for education beyond entry-level, often needed for renewal of licenses and membership in professional organizations, is:
A. certification
B. hands-on workshops
C. specialty education
D. continuing education

A

D. Continuing education

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5
Q

which of the following are typically considered within the scope of massage therapy
A. Joint movements and stretching
B. hot and cold applications
C. use of hand tools to apply pressure
D. all of the above

A

D. All of the above

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6
Q

A term usually reserved for a credential given by a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization that attests to a person’s competency in a given profession is
A. occupational licensing
B. board certification
C. specialty certification
D. accreditation

A

C. board of certification

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7
Q

codes of ethics and standards of practice for professions are developed by:
A. the federal government
B. religious group coalitions
C. professional organizations
D. schools

A

C. Professional organizations

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8
Q

In the nineteenth century, who popularized the use of French Terminology to describe categories of massage techniques

A

Johann Mezger

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9
Q

Who developed the system of medical gymnastics that was known as the Swedish Movement Cure in the mid-19th century in the US and Britain

A

Pehr Henrick LIng

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10
Q

First impressions about someone are typically made in what amount of time

A

1 minute

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11
Q

what is the first element in greeting clients with confidence
A. Shake hands
B. Say his or her name
C. Make eye contact
D. Introduce yourself

A

C. Make eye contact

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12
Q

looking away or around the room when someone is speaking to you may be taken as a sign of:
A. intense interest
B. respectful boundaries
C. openness or familiarity
D. disrespect or dismissal

A

D. Disrespect or dismissal

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13
Q

nodding and saying uh-huh, I see, or yes are techniques for what type of listening

A

Active

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14
Q

message therapists are crossing what type of boundary when they discuss their own personal difficulties with clients
A. physical
B. emotional
C. energetic
D. intellectual

A

B. Emotional

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15
Q

Massage therapists whose hands know where to go and what to do, who are not thinking through every move they make, are said to be working
A. Intuitively
B. Critically
C. Intelligently
D. Emotionally

A

A. Intuitively

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16
Q

which of the following is a good grooming practice for massage therapists
A. use of unscented or lightly scented grooming products
B. letting fingernails grow long for certain massage techniques
C. wearing heavy makeup to improve the appearance
D. using heavily scented deodorant to cover up offensive body odor

A

A. Use of unscented or lightly scented grooming products

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17
Q

Because massage therapy falls into the categories of service, helping, and therapeutic professions, standards of behavior are

A

high

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18
Q

What is the difference between codes of ethics and standards of practice

A

standards of practice are more detailed than codes of ethics

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19
Q

when 2 or more ethical principles are in conflict, and regardless of your choice something of value is compromised, it is called an ethical:

A

dilemma

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20
Q

The first step in the ethical decision-making model is to:
A. define the ethical question or ethical dilemma
B. identify the action that is in your best interest
C. think about who is at fault
D. consider advice from others

A

A. Define the ethical question or ethical dilemma

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21
Q

Abiding by local, state, or federal law is considered an

A

overriding principle

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22
Q

Consulting with others when making an ethical decision offers a more:

A

objective view of the situation

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23
Q

which of the following is essential for keeping personal interests from influencing a massage therapist’s ethical decision
A. identifying relevant points in a professional code of ethics
B. identifying personal temptations related to the outcome
C. clear definition of the ethical question
D. distinguishing between ethics and law

A

B. identifying personal temptations related to the outcome

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24
Q

Consistency in making good ethical decisions requires
A. Avoiding nontherapeutic relationships
B. developing good ethical judgment
C. approval from a mentor
D. consulting the laws

A

B. Developing good ethical judgement

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25
Q

consultation about different issues that come up in the therapeutic relationship which is done in a formal setting with a specially trained supervisor, is called:

A

clinical supervision

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26
Q

What makes a relationship between massage therapists and their clients essentially different from ordinary business relationships?
A. massage therapy is purchased by customers
B. massage therapists are licensed professionals in most states
C. massage therapy is a service based on therapeutic touch
D. massage therapists are subject to consumer protection laws

A

C. Massage therapy is a service based on therapeutic touch

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27
Q

a power differential is a(n)
A. intrinsic element in the therapist-client relationship
B. optional part of the therapeutic relationship
C. undesirable consequence of the therapeutic relationship
D. changeable element of the therapeutic relationship

A

A. Intrinsic element in the therapist-client relationship

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28
Q

The client puts a special trust in the massage therapist, who is then obligated to look out for the client’s best interests. In legal terms this is called a(n)
A. Legal contract
B. fiduciary responsibility
C. waiver of liability
D. ethical contract

A

B. Fiduciary responsibility

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29
Q

principles, traits, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable are known as

A

values

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30
Q

draping procedures and the practice of leaving the room while clients are undressing are based directly on the
A. principle of confidentiality
B. client’s right to privacy
C. massage therapist’s duty to do no harm
D. value of integrity

A

B. Clients right to privacy

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31
Q

The practice of getting informed voluntary consent from clients for certain massage applications is based primarily on their right to:
A. self- determination
B. privacy
C. safety
D. fair treatment

A

A. Self- determination

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32
Q

An overarching duty of massage therapists is to:

A

do no harm

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33
Q

Which of the following can leave someone vulnerable to unethical behavior?
A. lack of commitment to ethical behavior
B. unexamined personal issues
C. lack. of knowledge of ethical standards
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

34
Q

release of endorphins associated with massage would have which of the following effects
A. Hyperemia
B. Improved lymph flow
C. breaking fascial adhesions
D. increased feeling of well being

A

D. Increased feeling of well being

35
Q

Practitioners who can apply techniques to produce specific effects will be more successful in achieving
A. good body mechanics
B. session and treatment goals
C. hygienic conditions
D. a relaxing environment

A

B. Session and treatment goals

36
Q

which of the following effects of massage is an indication of an improved immune function
A. reduced blood pressure
B. muscle relaxation
C. increase in natural killer cells
D. enhances deep breathing

A

C. increase in natural killer cells

37
Q

desired traits such as calmness, gentleness, and nonagressiveness have been associated with ___ in early life
A. stimulating kinesthetic experiences
B. good digestion duction
C. adequate lymphatic flow
D. adequate pleasurable tactile experience

A

D. adequate pleasurable tactile experience

38
Q

Which of the following would not be appropriate during a relaxation massage
A. techniques that cause discomfort
B. flowing effleurage techniques
C. warm room temperature
D. petrissage techniques

A

A. Techniques that cause discomfort

39
Q

which of the following types of massage works best for increased mental clarity
A. one hour relaxation massage
B. lymphatic drainage massage
C. 20 minute chair massage
D. Deep transverse friction massage

A

C. 20 minute chair massage

40
Q

physical forces such as compression, stretching, shearing, and broadening of tissues are behind the ___ effects of massage
A. Mechanical
B. physiological
C. reflex
D. energetic

A

A. Mechanical

41
Q

muscular tension caused by unexpressed emotions is called
A. body-centered
B. mechanical
C. character armor
D. hypertonic

A

C. Character armor

42
Q

Changes that start during a massage and that last for a few days or weeks are called

A

long term effects

43
Q

multiple-dose effects of massage
A. happen after one massage session
B. occur during a massage session
C. happen over time with repeated massage
D. do not last very long

A

C. Happen over time with repeated messages

44
Q

in which phase of tissue repair is the tissue structure restored
A. inflammation
B. regeneration
C. remodeling
D. post repair

A

B. Regeneration

45
Q

Which mechanism of massage is most instrumental in breaking adhesions in connective tissues
A. Mechanical
B. reflex
C. body-mind
D. energetic

A

A. mechanical

46
Q

The part of a research report that gives a quick overview of the study methods, results, and conclusions is the:
A. results
B. introduction
C. discussion
D. abstract

A

D. abstract

47
Q

release of unexpressed emotions is an example of which mechanism of massage
A. mechanical effects
B. physiological effects
C. body-mind effects
D. energetic effects

A

C. Body mind effects

48
Q

Body awareness and pain reduction are the results of the stimulation of these structures in the skin
A. sebaceous glands
B. hair follicles
C. sensory receptors
D. connective tissue

A

C. sensory receptors

49
Q

The systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing info. relevant to answering a research question is called

A

The scientific method

50
Q

Research that meets standards and has been evaluated by experts in the field is referred to as

A

peer reviewed

51
Q

petrissage massage techniques mimic ___, helping to minimize the effects of under- or overactivity

A

muscle contraction

52
Q

warm and red skin after superficial friction is a sign of

A

hyperemia

53
Q

massage has been shown to ____ the number of red blood cells in circulation

A

increase

54
Q

the most basic rule of providing therapeutic massage is:

A

do no harm

55
Q

Swollen glands indicate general ___ and are likely contraindications for massage

A

infection

56
Q

for which type of edema is massage indicated
A. pitted edema indicating tissue fragility
B. edema associated with a sprained ankle
C. edema due to deep vein thrombosis
D. edema caused by liver disease

A

B. edema associated with a sprained ankle

57
Q

If your client comes for massage and feels a little nauseous and has been running a slight fever, you should:
A. not perform the massage
B. limit techniques to circulatory massage
C. avoid heavy tapotement
D. limit techniques to effleurage and kneading

A

A. not perform the massage

58
Q

if your client is taking a drug that weakens tissue integrity, you should avoid
A. superficial effleurage
B. light vibration
C. nerve strokes
D. skin rolling and wringing

A

D. Skin rolling and wringing

59
Q

if your client is taking a medication that masks pain, you should
A. ask for frequent client feedback about pressure
B. rely less on client feedback and more on palpation and observation
C. shorten the session
D. use heavy pressure without worrying about causing pain

A

B. rely less on client feedback and more on palpation and observation

60
Q

which areas of the body contain clusters of lymph nodes that should be avoided
A. axilla and inguinal areas
B. popliteal and antecubital areas
C. rib and navel areas
D. posterior and anterior cervical areas

A

axilla and inguinal areas

61
Q

If a client has athlete’s foot, which is the best course of action

A

avoiding touching the toes and the surrounding areas altogether

62
Q

the ___ of the neck is an endangerment site

A

anterior triangle

63
Q

moderate pressure on the posterior cervical muscles of an elderly client:
A. could dislodge a thrombus that causes a stroke
B. may be safe to apply with care
C. could damage blood vessels in the area
D. presents no reason for extra concern or caution

A

B. may be safe to apply with care

64
Q

in which case would you perform only a superficial massage of the neck and only with a physician’s clearance
A. a client with severe atherosclerosis
B. a client with osteoporosis
C. a client with cancer
D. a client with a hearing aid

A

A. a client with severe atherosclerosis

65
Q

avoid pressure on the ___ of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

66
Q

which of the following areas is not an endangerment site?
A. Upper back
B. anterior elbow (antecubital)
C. posterior knee popliteal area
D. inguinal area

A

upper back

67
Q

Deep effleurage on the extremities should be performed

A

distal to proximal

68
Q

conditions or situations that make receiving massage inadvisable because of the harm it might do are called:

A

contraindications

69
Q

for ___ contraindications, avoid massage in the immediate area

A

local

70
Q

which form of vibration may help mobilize a joint
A. shaking
B. jostling
C. stretching
D. ischemic friction

A

jostling

71
Q

what skill helps massage therapists assess the general condition of muscle and other soft tissues

A

palpation

72
Q

in what way is deep friction similar to superficial friction
A. it creates heat and stimulates the skin
B. it removes the skin over internal structures
C. it affects specific structures
D. It addresses on small area at a time

A

A. It creates heat and stimulates the skin

73
Q

which technique is commonly used to loosen congestion in the respiratory system
A. clapping
B.cupping
C. slapping
D. hacking

A

B. cupping

74
Q

A practitioner of swedish massage should always consider ___ sites, ___, ___ to avoid hurting a client when performing techniques

A

endangerment sites, contraindications, cautions

75
Q

Three basic forms of deep friction are

A

cross fiber, parallel, circular

76
Q

if done incorrectly, ___ techniques may feel violent or like taking a beating

A

tapotement

77
Q

which of the following best describes effleurage used for relaxation

A

smooth continuous strokes using moderate pressure

78
Q

the ___ stroke has both strong mechanical and strong systemic reflexive message effects

A

effleurage or gliding

79
Q

the greek physician to first describe the benefits of massage was:

A

hippocrates

80
Q

give 2 examples of massage strokes or techniques that have strong local reflexive effects

A

friction, petrissage

81
Q

the appropriate direction and progression of manipulating soft tissues during massage is ___ and ___

A

general to specific and superficial to deep

massage (1 decks)

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