Massage Theory A Flashcards
1
Q
Anointing
A
Ritualistic or religious activity of rubbing oil into the skin
2
Q
Bodywork
A
Treatment that involves manipulation of the client’s body as a way to maintain or improve health
3
Q
Gymnastics
A
Activity at ancient gymnasiums that included exercise, massage, and baths
4
Q
Massage
A
Manual therapy involving pressure applied with the hands to the client’s tissues (term started by the French explorers in the 1700s)
5
Q
Mechanical effects
A
Therapist applies pressure or manipulation to physically change the shape or condition of the client’s tissues
6
Q
Metabolic effects
A
Combined result of mechanical and reflex effects on the whole body
7
Q
Modality
A
A collection of manual therapies that tends to use similar applications of movement or massage strokes to reach a similar goal
8
Q
Movement Cure
A
American version of Ling’s movement system
9
Q
Reflex effects
A
Therapist stimulates the client’s sensory neurons, which triggers the client’s nervous system to change the shape or condition of the tissues in areas that were addressed as well as other, related areas
10
Q
Swedish Gymnastics
A
A therapeutic movement system developed by Per Henrik Ling
11
Q
Swedish Movements
A
Europe’s version of Ling’s movement system
12
Q
Qi (CHEE)
A
A dynamic, changing energy force that runs through the whole body, supplying and being supplied by body processes and activities
13
Q
Accountability
A
The quality of accepting the consequences of your actions and claiming responsibility for your decisions
14
Q
Body of knowledge
A
The essential knowledge, concepts, skills, and attitudes of a profession, as defined by the relevant professional association, which must be mastered to achieve success
15
Q
Certification
A
The act of issuing someone a certificate of completion or validation of authenticity
16
Q
Client-centered
A
When attitudes, decisions, and activities of a practice are in the best interest of the client’s health and well-being
17
Q
Code of ethics
A
Commonly accepted guidelines or principles of conduct that govern professional conduct
18
Q
Confidentiality
A
The principle that client information revealed to a health professional during an appointment is to be kept private and has limits on how and when it can be disclosed to a third party
19
Q
Ethics
A
Conduct rules based on integrity and differentiating right from wrong
20
Q
Informed consent
A
A client’s agreement to participate in an activity after the purpose, methods, benefits, risks, and rights to withdraw at any time have been explained
21
Q
Licensure
A
Legal authority or permission to practice massage when the state laws or regulations require it
22
Q
Professionalism
A
Ethical conduct, goals, and qualities characterized by a professional
23
Q
Registration
A
The act of enrolling in a system or database that keeps track of recorded information
24
Q
Scope of practice
A
A practitioner’s service limits and boundaries as determined by legal, educational, competency, and accountability factors
25
Standards of practice
Specific rules and procedures for professional conduct and quality of care that are to be followed by all members of a profession
26
Anatomy
The study of the structures of plants and animals
27
Artery
A tube that carries blood away from the heart
28
Bony landmark
Site for muscle attachment or safe passageway for nerves and blood vessels; bony landmarks can usually be externally palpated
29
Fascia
A fibrous band or sheetlike tissue membrane that provides support and protection for the body organs
30
Homeostasis
The process by which the body continually adjusts to changes in order to maintain chemical, physiological, and structural balance
31
Joint
The mechanical structure where neighboring bones are attached, often with connective tissue and cartilage
32
Lymphatic fluid (lymph)
The interstitial fluid that is taken from all over the body into the lymphatic system
33
Metabolism
The overall cellular activity that breaks down nutrients to generate energy to build essential molecules
34
Motor neuron (efferent neuron)
Neuron that carries messages away from the central nervous system to the muscle or organs that must react
35
Motor unit
One motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it stimulates
36
Muscle
A specially organized and packaged group of muscle cells, connective tissue wrappings, and blood vessels
37
Nerve
A specially organized and packaged bundle of neurons, connective tissue wrappings, and blood vessels
38
Nerve plexus
Large network of intertwined nerves
39
Neuron (nerve cell)
The basic unit of the nervous system
40
Parasympathetic response
Autonomic nervous system response that stimulates organs to work in a relaxing "rest and digest" mode
41
Physiology
The study of the functions of a living organism or any of its parts
42
Proprioceptor
Sensory nerve cell sensitive to body position, muscle tone, or equilibrium
43
Sensory neuron (afferent neuron)
Neuron that receives sensory input and transmits that information to the central nervous system
44
Stretch reflex
A protective muscle contraction that occurs when the tissues are stretched too far and/or too fast
45
Sympathetic response
Autonomic nervous system response that prepares the body for a stressful situation, sometimes called the "fight or flight" response
46
Tendon reflex
A reflex that relaxes a muscle when a muscle and its tendon are subjected to slow and gentle tension
47
Tissue
An organized group or layer of cells with similar structure and function
48
Vein
A tube that transports blood from the capillaries of the body back to the heart
49
Anatomical position
Describes a person standing up, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward
49
Antagonist
A muscle that moves in opposition to the prime mover
50
Asymmetric stance (also one-foot-forward stance)
Standing position in which both feet are on the ground, shoulder-width apart, one foot is in front of the other, and the back foot is laterally rotated
51
Biomechanics
The efficient and effective use of your body when performing massage
52
Concentric contraction
A muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the attachment sites of the muscle move closer together
53
Deep
Refers to something farther from the surface of the skin, or deeper inside the body
54
Distal
Refers to something that is farther away from the torso, toward the fingers or toes
55
Eccentric contraction
A muscle contraction in which the distance between the muscle attachments increases and the muscle effectively gets longer
56
Inferior (also caudad)
Refers to something more toward the feet, or below
57
Insertion of a muscle
The point of attachment that moves most during contraction, often at the distal end
58
Joint
The mechanical structure where neighboring bones are attached, often with connective tissue and cartilage
59
Kinesiology
The study of human movement
60
Lateral
Refers to something farther away from the midline of the body
61
Medial
Refers to something closer to the midline of the body
62
Origin of a muscle
The attachment on the bone or connective tissue structure that is more stationary during muscle contraction
63
Prime mover (also agonist)
The muscle that performs most of the intended movement
64
Proprioceptor
Sensory neuron responsible for detecting body position, muscle tone, and equilibrium
65
Proxmial
Describes something toward the attachment point of the limb to the body
66
Range of motion (ROM)
The end-to-end distance of a specific joint movement that is structurally possible
67
Superficial
Refers to something closer to the surface of the skin
68
Superior
Refers to something closer to a person's head, or above
69
Symmetric stance (also parallel stance)
Standing position in which both feet face forward about shoulder-width apart, hips face forward, and knees are bent
70
Synergist
Assists the prime mover by contracting at the same time to facilitate more effective movement, also called an accessory muscle
71
Acute
Refers to a condition that has developed very quickly and severely, or has a short duration
72
Chronic
Refers to a condition that has persisted for a long time, develops slowly, or recurs
73
Contraindication
A situation or condition in which massage could worsen the condition
74
Etiology
The study of the source or cause of disease
75
Indication
A condition for which massage could be beneficial and is recommended
76
Local contraindication
A situation in which massage would be considered therapeutic except in a localized area, whereby using massage could cause further harm
77
Pathology
The study of disease processes or of any deviation from a normal, healthy condition
78
Pharmacology
The study of the preparation, mechanisms, applications, and effects of medications
79
Subacute
The period from about 3 days to 3 weeks after a condition has started
80
Systemic contraindication
A condition or situation in which massage should be avoided altogether
81
Activity & analysis information
The massage activity and an analysis of the treatment session documented on the SOAP note
82
Confidentiality
Keeping information private unless the client expressly permits you to share it
83
HIPAA
Heath Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996 to help employees and their families obtain and transfer health insurance coverage when their employment changes or is terminated
84
Massage treatment record
The document containing input from clients, your objective assessments of the clients' condition, the massage techniques you use, results of the treatment session, and plans for future massage treatment
85
Objective information
Your visual, palpation, range-of-motion, and gait assessments of the client's body and soft tissues documented on the SOAP note
86
Plan information
The section of the SOAP note including plans for future treatment and self-care recommendations
87
Privacy Rule (Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information)
A modification of the original HIPAA that legally protects health-related information from being shared without clients' written permission by requiring all healthcare practitioners to keep their clients' health information private and protected
88
SOAP
An acronym for Subjective, Objective, Activity and analysis, and Plan that refers to a format for documentation
89
Subjective information
Verbal and written information clients share with you regarding their health documented in the SOAP note
90
Treatment goal
A specific goal that is determined after therapeutic massage treatment to clarify progress toward overcoming functional limitations
91
Active range of motion (AROM)
Joint movement that requires clients to actively use their own energy to demonstrate how much of the full range can be completed comfortably and without restriction
92
Assessment
The process of evaluating a client's condition
93
Compensation pattern
A postural offset that is the body's attempt to correct an imbalance or protect a primary dysfunction or injury
94
Direction of ease
The direction in which tissues move with least resistance
95
End feel
A unique feel when a joint reaches the end of its passive range of motion (PROM) determined by specific structures that stop that movement
96
Fascial adhesion (fascial restriction)
An area where the fascia has adhered to nearby tissues or has been crumpled or kinked
97
Gait
A walking pattern
98
Palpation
The skillful art of client evaluation that uses touch to locate and assess the quality of different structures
99
Passive range of motion (PROM)
Joint movement that requires the therapist to move the relaxed client through a range of motion to determine how much of the full range can be completed comfortably and without restriction
100
Range of motion (ROM)
The end-to-end distance of a specific joint movement that is structurally possible
101
Ergonomics
The science that designs and coordinates people's activities with the equipment they use and the working conditions of their environment
102
Hydrotherapy
The use of water as a treatment
103
Refer
Recommend that someone see a specific healthcare practictioner
104
Self-care (self-help)
Activities that clients can use between massage sessions to participate in their healing process and help them achieve their treatment goals
105
Treatment plan
Your recommendations for future treatment, self-care activities, and referrals to other healthcare professionals
106
Artificial respiration (aka artificial resuscitation, mouth-to-mouth, or rescue breathing)
A mechanical or manual technique of forcing air into a person's lungs if he/she is not breathing but has a pulse
107
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
A combination of artificial respiration and chest compressions that restores circulation for a person who is not breathing and has no pulse
108
Corporation
A business arrangement that has one or more owners who are legally separate from the business
109
Networking
The practice of establishing mutually beneficial professional relationships with other persons in a business or networking group
110
Partnership
A company in which two or more persons share ownership and personal liability for all business transactions
111
Sole proprietorship
A business arrangement in which one person owns the business and is personally liable for all business transactions
112
Standard precautions
Specific procedures that maintain a hygienic and sanitary practice and reduce the risk for germ transmission
113
Centering
A technique that helps you focus your attention on your clients
114
Chair massage
A massage for persons who are fully clothed that is delivered while the client is seated in a specially designed chair, also called seated massage, onsite massage, corporate massage, and event massage
115
Compression
A stroke that applies pressure to soft tissues to squeeze them together without any slip
116
Deep-fiber friction
A stroke that is applied with deep, localized pressure without any slip on the skin to break up fascial adhesions and separate the muscle fibers
117
Effleurage
A slow, gliding stroke along the client's skin
118
Flow
A routine-like sequence of steps that leads the massage from one body part to the next in a systematic, fluid pattern that often specifies stroke sequences
119
Grounding
A technique you can use to establish an emotional and energetic boundary between you and your clients
120
Petrissage
A stroke that kneads soft tissues with a grasping and lifting action
121
Prone
Lying face down
122
Resting stroke
A stroke that requires you to stop moving and lightly rest your relaxed hands, fingers, or arms on your client for several seconds
123
Side-lying (laterally recumbent)
Lying on one's side
124
Slip
The sliding of your skin over the surface of the client's skin
125
Superficial friction
A brisk vibration of light effleurage that increases circulation in the superficial tissues and dissipates body heat
126
Supine
Lying face up, on back or spine
127
Tapotement
A fast rhythmic stroke that uses both hands, like rapid drumming
128
Vibration
A stroke that involves high-frequency shaky hand movements and is capable of deep effects
129
Direct manipulation
A proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in which you use the muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs to relax a hypertonic muscle
130
Direction of restriction
The direction in which tissues resist movement the most
131
Hypertonic
Excessively tense or tight
132
Lengthening
The neurological process that lengthens myofibrils and results in longer muscle
133
Lymph
The fluid that started out as blood plasma, leaked out through the capillaries to become interstitial fluid, and is picked up by the very delicate ends of the lymphatic vessels from tissues all over the body
134
Muscle energy techniques (METs)
Bodywork applications that use the nervous system to change a muscle's resting length, also called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
135
Muscle guarding
Hypertonic muscles stabilizing or splinting an injured area
136
Positional release (PR)
A PNF technique that relieves hypertonicity by holding the body in a painless position and waiting for the nervous system to trigger relaxation, also called strain/counterstrain
137
Post-isometric relaxation (PIR)
A PNF technique that uses active contraction and relaxation of the target muscle to lengthen the muscle
138
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
Bodywork applications that use the nervous system to change a muscle's resting length, also called muscle energy techniques
139
Reciprocal inhibition (RI)
A PNF technique in which the client contracts a target muscle's antagonists to reflexively relax the target muscle
140
Resting length
The length to which a relaxed, inactive muscle can be safely extended
141
Right lymphatic duct
A major drain that collects all of the lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body, including everything on the right side of the body above the diaphragm, and empties it into the right subclavian vein
142
Strain/counterstrain (SCS)
A PNF technique that relieves hypertonicity by holding the body in a painless position and waiting for the nervous system to trigger relaxation, also called positional release
143
Stretching
An elastic deformation of the fascia that extends its length
144
Target muscle
The muscle being treated in a therapeutic technique
145
Tender point
A small, painful area of hypertonicity, also called a tender spot
146
Thoracic duct
A major drain that collects the lymph from everywhere in the body, except the right side of the head and thorax, and empties it into the left subclavian vein
147
Trigger point (TrP)
A localized area of hypertonicity at the motor end unit, or neuromuscular junction, that refers symptoms to other areas of the body
148
Unwinding (myofascial unwinding)
The process in which soft tissues move in different directions, circles, or wavy lines as the collagen fibers change shape and the fascia softens
149
Athlete
A person who participates in sports on an amateur or professional level
150
Chronic illness
Illness that lasts a year or longer, usually limits a patient's physical activity, and may require ongoing medical care and treatment
151
Event massage
Administered on the day of the event to help the athlete prepare for and recover from the activity, it includes pre-event, inter-event, and post-event massage
152
Hospice
A healthcare approach that caters to the quality of remaining life rather than the quantity of life when a person's life expectancy is limited by a life-threatening illness with no known cure
153
Inter-event massage
Performed in between events that occur on the same day and within a given time period, focusing on areas of increased muscular tension that have occurred as a direct result of participation in the activity
154
Maintenance massage
Performed in between sporting events to maintain flexibility and ensure that muscles are relaxed and lengthened to prevent injuries from occurring during training
155
Post-event massage
Performed within 2 hours of the athletic performance, it focuses on circulatory enhancement to aid in recovery from the activity as well as decrease muscle and connective tissue tension
156
Pre-event massage
Performed just before the client participates in an athletic event, it focuses on circulatory enhancement and warming up the tissues
157
Restorative massage
Performed 6 to 72 hours after the athletic performance, it is intended to increase circulation and restore the normal resting length of muscles; also called curative massage and post-recovery massage
158
Special populations
Segments of the population who massage requires special considerations
159
Treatment massage
Intended to facilitate the healing process when an injury has occurred or when chronic strain has diminished the athlete's performance
