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Massage Theory > Massage Theory A > Flashcards

Massage Theory A Flashcards

1
Q

Anointing

A

Ritualistic or religious activity of rubbing oil into the skin

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2
Q

Bodywork

A

Treatment that involves manipulation of the client’s body as a way to maintain or improve health

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3
Q

Gymnastics

A

Activity at ancient gymnasiums that included exercise, massage, and baths

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4
Q

Massage

A

Manual therapy involving pressure applied with the hands to the client’s tissues (term started by the French explorers in the 1700s)

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5
Q

Mechanical effects

A

Therapist applies pressure or manipulation to physically change the shape or condition of the client’s tissues

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6
Q

Metabolic effects

A

Combined result of mechanical and reflex effects on the whole body

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7
Q

Modality

A

A collection of manual therapies that tends to use similar applications of movement or massage strokes to reach a similar goal

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8
Q

Movement Cure

A

American version of Ling’s movement system

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9
Q

Reflex effects

A

Therapist stimulates the client’s sensory neurons, which triggers the client’s nervous system to change the shape or condition of the tissues in areas that were addressed as well as other, related areas

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10
Q

Swedish Gymnastics

A

A therapeutic movement system developed by Per Henrik Ling

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11
Q

Swedish Movements

A

Europe’s version of Ling’s movement system

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12
Q

Qi (CHEE)

A

A dynamic, changing energy force that runs through the whole body, supplying and being supplied by body processes and activities

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13
Q

Accountability

A

The quality of accepting the consequences of your actions and claiming responsibility for your decisions

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14
Q

Body of knowledge

A

The essential knowledge, concepts, skills, and attitudes of a profession, as defined by the relevant professional association, which must be mastered to achieve success

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15
Q

Certification

A

The act of issuing someone a certificate of completion or validation of authenticity

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16
Q

Client-centered

A

When attitudes, decisions, and activities of a practice are in the best interest of the client’s health and well-being

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17
Q

Code of ethics

A

Commonly accepted guidelines or principles of conduct that govern professional conduct

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18
Q

Confidentiality

A

The principle that client information revealed to a health professional during an appointment is to be kept private and has limits on how and when it can be disclosed to a third party

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19
Q

Ethics

A

Conduct rules based on integrity and differentiating right from wrong

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20
Q

Informed consent

A

A client’s agreement to participate in an activity after the purpose, methods, benefits, risks, and rights to withdraw at any time have been explained

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21
Q

Licensure

A

Legal authority or permission to practice massage when the state laws or regulations require it

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22
Q

Professionalism

A

Ethical conduct, goals, and qualities characterized by a professional

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23
Q

Registration

A

The act of enrolling in a system or database that keeps track of recorded information

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24
Q

Scope of practice

A

A practitioner’s service limits and boundaries as determined by legal, educational, competency, and accountability factors

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25
Q

Standards of practice

A

Specific rules and procedures for professional conduct and quality of care that are to be followed by all members of a profession

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26
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structures of plants and animals

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27
Q

Artery

A

A tube that carries blood away from the heart

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28
Q

Bony landmark

A

Site for muscle attachment or safe passageway for nerves and blood vessels; bony landmarks can usually be externally palpated

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29
Q

Fascia

A

A fibrous band or sheetlike tissue membrane that provides support and protection for the body organs

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30
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process by which the body continually adjusts to changes in order to maintain chemical, physiological, and structural balance

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31
Q

Joint

A

The mechanical structure where neighboring bones are attached, often with connective tissue and cartilage

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32
Q

Lymphatic fluid (lymph)

A

The interstitial fluid that is taken from all over the body into the lymphatic system

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33
Q

Metabolism

A

The overall cellular activity that breaks down nutrients to generate energy to build essential molecules

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34
Q

Motor neuron (efferent neuron)

A

Neuron that carries messages away from the central nervous system to the muscle or organs that must react

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35
Q

Motor unit

A

One motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it stimulates

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36
Q

Muscle

A

A specially organized and packaged group of muscle cells, connective tissue wrappings, and blood vessels

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37
Q

Nerve

A

A specially organized and packaged bundle of neurons, connective tissue wrappings, and blood vessels

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38
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Large network of intertwined nerves

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39
Q

Neuron (nerve cell)

A

The basic unit of the nervous system

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40
Q

Parasympathetic response

A

Autonomic nervous system response that stimulates organs to work in a relaxing “rest and digest” mode

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41
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of a living organism or any of its parts

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42
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Sensory nerve cell sensitive to body position, muscle tone, or equilibrium

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43
Q

Sensory neuron (afferent neuron)

A

Neuron that receives sensory input and transmits that information to the central nervous system

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44
Q

Stretch reflex

A

A protective muscle contraction that occurs when the tissues are stretched too far and/or too fast

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45
Q

Sympathetic response

A

Autonomic nervous system response that prepares the body for a stressful situation, sometimes called the “fight or flight” response

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46
Q

Tendon reflex

A

A reflex that relaxes a muscle when a muscle and its tendon are subjected to slow and gentle tension

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47
Q

Tissue

A

An organized group or layer of cells with similar structure and function

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48
Q

Vein

A

A tube that transports blood from the capillaries of the body back to the heart

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49
Q

Anatomical position

A

Describes a person standing up, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward

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49
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle that moves in opposition to the prime mover

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50
Q

Asymmetric stance (also one-foot-forward stance)

A

Standing position in which both feet are on the ground, shoulder-width apart, one foot is in front of the other, and the back foot is laterally rotated

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51
Q

Biomechanics

A

The efficient and effective use of your body when performing massage

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52
Q

Concentric contraction

A

A muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the attachment sites of the muscle move closer together

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53
Q

Deep

A

Refers to something farther from the surface of the skin, or deeper inside the body

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54
Q

Distal

A

Refers to something that is farther away from the torso, toward the fingers or toes

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55
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

A muscle contraction in which the distance between the muscle attachments increases and the muscle effectively gets longer

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56
Q

Inferior (also caudad)

A

Refers to something more toward the feet, or below

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57
Q

Insertion of a muscle

A

The point of attachment that moves most during contraction, often at the distal end

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58
Q

Joint

A

The mechanical structure where neighboring bones are attached, often with connective tissue and cartilage

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59
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of human movement

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60
Q

Lateral

A

Refers to something farther away from the midline of the body

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61
Q

Medial

A

Refers to something closer to the midline of the body

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62
Q

Origin of a muscle

A

The attachment on the bone or connective tissue structure that is more stationary during muscle contraction

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63
Q

Prime mover (also agonist)

A

The muscle that performs most of the intended movement

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64
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Sensory neuron responsible for detecting body position, muscle tone, and equilibrium

65
Q

Proxmial

A

Describes something toward the attachment point of the limb to the body

66
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

The end-to-end distance of a specific joint movement that is structurally possible

67
Q

Superficial

A

Refers to something closer to the surface of the skin

68
Q

Superior

A

Refers to something closer to a person’s head, or above

69
Q

Symmetric stance (also parallel stance)

A

Standing position in which both feet face forward about shoulder-width apart, hips face forward, and knees are bent

70
Q

Synergist

A

Assists the prime mover by contracting at the same time to facilitate more effective movement, also called an accessory muscle

71
Q

Acute

A

Refers to a condition that has developed very quickly and severely, or has a short duration

72
Q

Chronic

A

Refers to a condition that has persisted for a long time, develops slowly, or recurs

73
Q

Contraindication

A

A situation or condition in which massage could worsen the condition

74
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the source or cause of disease

75
Q

Indication

A

A condition for which massage could be beneficial and is recommended

76
Q

Local contraindication

A

A situation in which massage would be considered therapeutic except in a localized area, whereby using massage could cause further harm

77
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease processes or of any deviation from a normal, healthy condition

78
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the preparation, mechanisms, applications, and effects of medications

79
Q

Subacute

A

The period from about 3 days to 3 weeks after a condition has started

80
Q

Systemic contraindication

A

A condition or situation in which massage should be avoided altogether

81
Q

Activity & analysis information

A

The massage activity and an analysis of the treatment session documented on the SOAP note

82
Q

Confidentiality

A

Keeping information private unless the client expressly permits you to share it

83
Q

HIPAA

A

Heath Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996 to help employees and their families obtain and transfer health insurance coverage when their employment changes or is terminated

84
Q

Massage treatment record

A

The document containing input from clients, your objective assessments of the clients’ condition, the massage techniques you use, results of the treatment session, and plans for future massage treatment

85
Q

Objective information

A

Your visual, palpation, range-of-motion, and gait assessments of the client’s body and soft tissues documented on the SOAP note

86
Q

Plan information

A

The section of the SOAP note including plans for future treatment and self-care recommendations

87
Q

Privacy Rule (Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information)

A

A modification of the original HIPAA that legally protects health-related information from being shared without clients’ written permission by requiring all healthcare practitioners to keep their clients’ health information private and protected

88
Q

SOAP

A

An acronym for Subjective, Objective, Activity and analysis, and Plan that refers to a format for documentation

89
Q

Subjective information

A

Verbal and written information clients share with you regarding their health documented in the SOAP note

90
Q

Treatment goal

A

A specific goal that is determined after therapeutic massage treatment to clarify progress toward overcoming functional limitations

91
Q

Active range of motion (AROM)

A

Joint movement that requires clients to actively use their own energy to demonstrate how much of the full range can be completed comfortably and without restriction

92
Q

Assessment

A

The process of evaluating a client’s condition

93
Q

Compensation pattern

A

A postural offset that is the body’s attempt to correct an imbalance or protect a primary dysfunction or injury

94
Q

Direction of ease

A

The direction in which tissues move with least resistance

95
Q

End feel

A

A unique feel when a joint reaches the end of its passive range of motion (PROM) determined by specific structures that stop that movement

96
Q

Fascial adhesion (fascial restriction)

A

An area where the fascia has adhered to nearby tissues or has been crumpled or kinked

97
Q

Gait

A

A walking pattern

98
Q

Palpation

A

The skillful art of client evaluation that uses touch to locate and assess the quality of different structures

99
Q

Passive range of motion (PROM)

A

Joint movement that requires the therapist to move the relaxed client through a range of motion to determine how much of the full range can be completed comfortably and without restriction

100
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

The end-to-end distance of a specific joint movement that is structurally possible

101
Q

Ergonomics

A

The science that designs and coordinates people’s activities with the equipment they use and the working conditions of their environment

102
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

The use of water as a treatment

103
Q

Refer

A

Recommend that someone see a specific healthcare practictioner

104
Q

Self-care (self-help)

A

Activities that clients can use between massage sessions to participate in their healing process and help them achieve their treatment goals

105
Q

Treatment plan

A

Your recommendations for future treatment, self-care activities, and referrals to other healthcare professionals

106
Q

Artificial respiration (aka artificial resuscitation, mouth-to-mouth, or rescue breathing)

A

A mechanical or manual technique of forcing air into a person’s lungs if he/she is not breathing but has a pulse

107
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

A combination of artificial respiration and chest compressions that restores circulation for a person who is not breathing and has no pulse

108
Q

Corporation

A

A business arrangement that has one or more owners who are legally separate from the business

109
Q

Networking

A

The practice of establishing mutually beneficial professional relationships with other persons in a business or networking group

110
Q

Partnership

A

A company in which two or more persons share ownership and personal liability for all business transactions

111
Q

Sole proprietorship

A

A business arrangement in which one person owns the business and is personally liable for all business transactions

112
Q

Standard precautions

A

Specific procedures that maintain a hygienic and sanitary practice and reduce the risk for germ transmission

113
Q

Centering

A

A technique that helps you focus your attention on your clients

114
Q

Chair massage

A

A massage for persons who are fully clothed that is delivered while the client is seated in a specially designed chair, also called seated massage, onsite massage, corporate massage, and event massage

115
Q

Compression

A

A stroke that applies pressure to soft tissues to squeeze them together without any slip

116
Q

Deep-fiber friction

A

A stroke that is applied with deep, localized pressure without any slip on the skin to break up fascial adhesions and separate the muscle fibers

117
Q

Effleurage

A

A slow, gliding stroke along the client’s skin

118
Q

Flow

A

A routine-like sequence of steps that leads the massage from one body part to the next in a systematic, fluid pattern that often specifies stroke sequences

119
Q

Grounding

A

A technique you can use to establish an emotional and energetic boundary between you and your clients

120
Q

Petrissage

A

A stroke that kneads soft tissues with a grasping and lifting action

121
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

122
Q

Resting stroke

A

A stroke that requires you to stop moving and lightly rest your relaxed hands, fingers, or arms on your client for several seconds

123
Q

Side-lying (laterally recumbent)

A

Lying on one’s side

124
Q

Slip

A

The sliding of your skin over the surface of the client’s skin

125
Q

Superficial friction

A

A brisk vibration of light effleurage that increases circulation in the superficial tissues and dissipates body heat

126
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up, on back or spine

127
Q

Tapotement

A

A fast rhythmic stroke that uses both hands, like rapid drumming

128
Q

Vibration

A

A stroke that involves high-frequency shaky hand movements and is capable of deep effects

129
Q

Direct manipulation

A

A proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in which you use the muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs to relax a hypertonic muscle

130
Q

Direction of restriction

A

The direction in which tissues resist movement the most

131
Q

Hypertonic

A

Excessively tense or tight

132
Q

Lengthening

A

The neurological process that lengthens myofibrils and results in longer muscle

133
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid that started out as blood plasma, leaked out through the capillaries to become interstitial fluid, and is picked up by the very delicate ends of the lymphatic vessels from tissues all over the body

134
Q

Muscle energy techniques (METs)

A

Bodywork applications that use the nervous system to change a muscle’s resting length, also called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

135
Q

Muscle guarding

A

Hypertonic muscles stabilizing or splinting an injured area

136
Q

Positional release (PR)

A

A PNF technique that relieves hypertonicity by holding the body in a painless position and waiting for the nervous system to trigger relaxation, also called strain/counterstrain

137
Q

Post-isometric relaxation (PIR)

A

A PNF technique that uses active contraction and relaxation of the target muscle to lengthen the muscle

138
Q

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

A

Bodywork applications that use the nervous system to change a muscle’s resting length, also called muscle energy techniques

139
Q

Reciprocal inhibition (RI)

A

A PNF technique in which the client contracts a target muscle’s antagonists to reflexively relax the target muscle

140
Q

Resting length

A

The length to which a relaxed, inactive muscle can be safely extended

141
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

A major drain that collects all of the lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body, including everything on the right side of the body above the diaphragm, and empties it into the right subclavian vein

142
Q

Strain/counterstrain (SCS)

A

A PNF technique that relieves hypertonicity by holding the body in a painless position and waiting for the nervous system to trigger relaxation, also called positional release

143
Q

Stretching

A

An elastic deformation of the fascia that extends its length

144
Q

Target muscle

A

The muscle being treated in a therapeutic technique

145
Q

Tender point

A

A small, painful area of hypertonicity, also called a tender spot

146
Q

Thoracic duct

A

A major drain that collects the lymph from everywhere in the body, except the right side of the head and thorax, and empties it into the left subclavian vein

147
Q

Trigger point (TrP)

A

A localized area of hypertonicity at the motor end unit, or neuromuscular junction, that refers symptoms to other areas of the body

148
Q

Unwinding (myofascial unwinding)

A

The process in which soft tissues move in different directions, circles, or wavy lines as the collagen fibers change shape and the fascia softens

149
Q

Athlete

A

A person who participates in sports on an amateur or professional level

150
Q

Chronic illness

A

Illness that lasts a year or longer, usually limits a patient’s physical activity, and may require ongoing medical care and treatment

151
Q

Event massage

A

Administered on the day of the event to help the athlete prepare for and recover from the activity, it includes pre-event, inter-event, and post-event massage

152
Q

Hospice

A

A healthcare approach that caters to the quality of remaining life rather than the quantity of life when a person’s life expectancy is limited by a life-threatening illness with no known cure

153
Q

Inter-event massage

A

Performed in between events that occur on the same day and within a given time period, focusing on areas of increased muscular tension that have occurred as a direct result of participation in the activity

154
Q

Maintenance massage

A

Performed in between sporting events to maintain flexibility and ensure that muscles are relaxed and lengthened to prevent injuries from occurring during training

155
Q

Post-event massage

A

Performed within 2 hours of the athletic performance, it focuses on circulatory enhancement to aid in recovery from the activity as well as decrease muscle and connective tissue tension

156
Q

Pre-event massage

A

Performed just before the client participates in an athletic event, it focuses on circulatory enhancement and warming up the tissues

157
Q

Restorative massage

A

Performed 6 to 72 hours after the athletic performance, it is intended to increase circulation and restore the normal resting length of muscles; also called curative massage and post-recovery massage

158
Q

Special populations

A

Segments of the population who massage requires special considerations

159
Q

Treatment massage

A

Intended to facilitate the healing process when an injury has occurred or when chronic strain has diminished the athlete’s performance

Massage Theory (1 decks)

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