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PT 111 > MASSAGE TECHNIQUES & MYOFASCIAL RELEASE > Flashcards

MASSAGE TECHNIQUES & MYOFASCIAL RELEASE Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

  1. It is our body’s natural reaction to PAT it when it hurts.
  2. Massage dates back to at least the OLYMPICS
  3. The church of GREECE in the middle ages discouraged massage as a medical practice.
A
  1. F; pat → rub
  2. T
  3. F; Greece → Rome
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2
Q

He is acknowledged to be the founder of curative gymnastics and appears to be founder of modern day massage techniques, incorporated with French massage techniques.

A

Peter Ling

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3
Q

FILL in the BLANKS

Massage is derived from 2
sources:
1. Arabic verb ______ - “to touch”
2. Greek word massein - “to _____”

A
  1. mass

2. knead

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4
Q

T or F

  1. MASSAGE is a mechanical modality used to manipulate the body’s tissue.
  2. MASSAGE THERAPY is a term use to signify a group of systemic and scientific manipulations of body tissues that are best performed with the hands.
A
  1. F; massage → massage therapy

2. F; massage therapy → massage

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5
Q

FILL in the BLANKS

Depending on the amount of pressure applied & the speed of the stroke, massage can evoke _________ and _______ blood flow to the area.

A

Systemic relaxation & increase

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6
Q

T or F

When performed properly massage can increase venous & lymphatic flow, preventing EDEMA. Massage also reduces pain.

A

T

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7
Q

T or F

Deep friction or vigorous massage was thought to produce vascular changes such as INCREASED heart rate, breathing rate, & blood pressure, if the purpose is for inducing system relaxation.

A

F; increased → decreased

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8
Q

Techniques that stretch a muscle, elongate fascia, or mobilize soft-tissue adhesion or restrictions.

A

Mechanical Techniques

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9
Q

T or F

  1. As mechanical stimulus becomes more effective, reflex stimulus becomes LESS effective.
  2. Massage has been shown to increase skin temperature, increase sweating & DECREASE resistance to electrical current.
A
  1. T

2. T

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10
Q

It has been shown to toughen yet soften the skin, remove dead cells, and stretches/breaks down fibrous tissue.

A

Massage

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11
Q

T or F

Massage is known to REDUCE patient anxiety, depression, & mental stress.

A

T

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12
Q

The four basic massage strokes as originally described by the French:

A
  1. Effleurage
  2. Petrissage
  3. Friction Massage
  4. Tapotement
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13
Q
  1. Involves GLIDING the palms, fingertips, and/or thumbs over the skin in a rhythmic CIRCULAR pattern with varying degrees of pressure.
  2. Uses rhythmic alternating contact of varying pressure between the hands and the body’s soft tissue.
A
  1. Effleurage

2. Tapotement/Percussion

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14
Q
  1. The tissue is grasped from the underlying skeletal
    structures, lifted, and massaged. This massage techniques is also known as “kneading massage.”
  2. A circular, longitudinal, or transverse pressure applied by the fingers, thumb, or hypothenar region of the hand to small areas.
  3. A massage that is performed perpendicular to the fibers and was used extensively during the time of Cyriax
A
  1. Petrissage
  2. Friction Massage
  3. Cross-friction massage
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15
Q

T or F

  1. The goal of FRICTION massage is to break down
    adhesion in scar tissue, loosen ligaments, and
    disable trigger points.
  2. Deep PETRISSAGE improves flexibility but has little reduction in muscle fatigue when performing between exercise
A
  1. T

2. F; Petrissage → Effleurage

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16
Q

This involves circular movements of one hand superimposed on the other. The finger pads and thumb compress tissue and distract it from the deeper underlying structures.

A

Kneading

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17
Q

It resembles picking up, except that once tissue is grasped, one hand pushes while the other one pulls, creating a shearing-type force in the tissue planes.

A

Wringing

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18
Q

This involves grabbing a small amount of tissue between the finger pads and thumb, and rolling the tissue as if moving a small object under the skin.

A

Rolling

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19
Q

It is a technique in which the tissue is grabbed and vigorously shaken between the hands. The hands are then re-positioned along the course of the muscle being treated.

A

Shaking

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20
Q

This involves using the ulnar aspect of the hands to
alternately strike the body tissues. These rapid
strokes at 2 to 6 Hz are delivered in a sequential
pattern along the entire region to be treated.

A

Hacking (Percussion)

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21
Q

It involves the use of a cupped palm, which is percussed against the chest wall. This technique is frequently used to loosen secretions in disease processes such as cystic fibrosis.

A

Cupping (Percussion)

22
Q

This involves using a clenched fist to repetitively

pummel the tissue. It is a very aggressive type of tapotement and is not frequently used.

A

Beating (Percussion)

23
Q

The finger pads strike the underlying tissue in rapid succession. This technique is frequently used over the sinuses to loosen secretions.

A

Tapping (Percussion)

24
Q
  1. This treatment method was developed by Milton Tager, MD, in the 1940s.
  2. This technique combines the use of gentle hands on tissue work and reintegration of movement through reeducation and relaxation exercises.
A
  1. Tager Psychologic Integration

2. Tager Psychologic Integration.

25
Q

The movement component of the Tager technique is
coined “______,” which is a combination of mental, psychology, and gymnastic elements, and focuses on making movements lighter and easier.

A

Mentastics

26
Q
  1. His approach centers on balance between head and neck movement “primary control,” and a state of dynamic postures and breathing exercises.
  2. Emphasizes on multiple repetitions to lay down new neuromuscular patterns, and considers the entire body, even in the simplest of movements.
A
  1. F.M. Alexander (1869 to 1955)

2. Feldenkrais (Feldenkrais Pattern)

27
Q

T or F

  1. Rolf saw GRAVITY as one of the primary causes of dysfunction. The primary tenet of her structural integration system was to help clients achieve proper vertical alignment and efficient movement.
  2. The typical regimen of Rolfing Structural Integration consists of a series of ten 40-to-100-minute sessions.
A
  1. T

2. F; 40-to-100-minute sessions → 60-to-90-minute sessions

28
Q

The term myofascial release was coined by ________ in the 1960s and further developed by __________.

A

Robert Ward D.O. & John Barnes, PT. respectively

29
Q
  1. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) was developed in Europe in the 1930s by Danish physiotherapists ____________ as a technique to control post-mastectomy lymph-edema.
  2. The typical session of MLD lasts __________.
A
  1. Estrid and Emil Vodder

2. 45 to 60 minutes

30
Q
  1. It has been defined as digital pressure performed in a circular motion to treat areas that are typically treated with acupuncture needles and for the same reason.
  2. This technique was initially practiced by visually impaired clinicians. Pressure is applied in particular meridians similar to acupuncture.
  3. The application of deep circular pressure applied to specific dysfunctional points on the soles of the feet.
A
  1. Acupressure
  2. Shiatsu
  3. Reflexology
31
Q

This technique can be used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, to decrease postoperative pain, for the treatment of headaches, and to decrease TMJ pain.

A

Acupressure

32
Q

T or F

  1. Place patient in comfortable relaxed position with
    treatment plan in gravity eliminated position—in
    which gravity will assist in VENOUS FLOW.
  2. All stroking movements are directed PROXIMAL to DISTAL especially for edema.
  3. Stroking and kneading may follow FRICTION massage.
A
  1. T
  2. F; proximal to distal → distal to proximal
  3. T
33
Q 
Subacute and chronic pain
Muscle spasm
Superficial scar formation
Edema
Postural drainage
A

INDICATIONS

34
Q
  • Acute inflammation
  • Acute febrile conditions
  • Severe atherosclerosis
  • Severe varicose veins
  • Phlebitis
  • Area of recent surgery
  • Thrombophlebitis
A

CONTRAINDICATIONS

35
Q
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Malignancy
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Severe RA
  • Hemorrhage in area
  • Edema secondary to kidney dysfunction
  • Heart failure venous insufficiency
A

CONTRAINDICATIONS

36
Q

A single, uninterrupted sheet of tissue that extends from the inner aspects of the skull down to the soles of the feet and from the exterior to the interior of the body, ultimately making up the shape and form of
the body itself.

A

Fascia

37
Q

Fascia is a web-like, 3D MATIRX that intertwines, surrounds, protects and supports every other structures of the human body.

A

T

38
Q
  1. The main fibers within a fascia, along with elastin. It is also the most abundant protein in the body.
  2. This provides an elastic quality that allows the
    connective tissue to stretch to the limit of the collagen fibers’ length while absorbing tensile force.
A
  1. Collagen

2. Elastin

39
Q

A viscous, gel-like fluid (a polysaccharide gel complex) composed of of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) and proteoglycans that lubricate the fibers and allow them to glide over each other.

A

Ground substance

40
Q

A form of integrity that is based on a balance between

tension and compression

A

Tensegrity

41
Q
  1. This type of fascia forms a thin layer of tissue beneath the skin, attaching the dermis skin to the underlying tissues.
  2. It is tough, tight and compact and contributes to the contour and function of the body.
A
  1. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

2. DEEP FASCIA

42
Q

T or F

  1. DEEP fascia provides shock absorption, insulation, and space for the accumulation of fluid and metabolites.
  2. SUPERFICIAL fascia is loosely knit, consisting of fibroelastic, areolar tissue and contains inflammatory
    exudates, capillary networks and lymphatic channels. It also stores fat, regulates fluid and causes many tissue texture abnormalities.
A
  1. F; deep → superficial

2. T

43
Q

T or F

  1. DEEP fascia comprises the specialized elements of
    the peritoneum, pericardium and pleura.
  2. SUPERFICIAL fascia has tough, inelastic clefts and septa. It compartmentalizes the entire muscular
    system, surrounds and separates visceral organs while thickening in response to stress. It also functions posturally to stabilize posture.
A
  1. T

2. F; superficial → deep

44
Q

This is as described when the fascia shortens, solidifies and thickens in response to trauma, anything physically or emotionally injurious to the body, inflammation and poor posture, causing the body to lose its physiological adaptive capacity.

A

“BINDING DOWN” OF FASCIA

45
Q

T or F

Over time, fascial restrictions insidiously spread like a pull in a sweater or stocking. Flexibility and spontaneity of movement are GAINED, setting up the body for more trauma, pain and movement limitation.

A

F; gained → lost

46
Q
  1. A fall, blow, cut or burn as well as when the body systems become dysfunctional for one reason or another.
  2. This creates an imbalance in cellular fluids and possible cell death from lack of oxygen resulting in scar formation and fascial adhesions.
A
  1. Injury or trauma (anything physical or emotional)

2. Inflammatory processes (to injury, a medical condition or the side effects from medication)

47
Q

T or F

When fascia is consistently overloaded from supporting a position in space (standing, seated or lying), it has to BIND DOWN to support the pressure imposed on it.

A

T

48
Q

This is a treatment approach, a therapy and a rehabilitation tool. It is a hands-on therapy, meaning that the therapist applies pressure with the hands onto, and into, the client’s body.

A

Myofascial release

49
Q

He played a major role in myofascial therapy and has pioneered a sustained pressure MFR approach that is now being recognized by scientific research.

A

John F. Barnes

50
Q
  1. It uses the feel and rhythm of the body and ultimately the fascial system as an indicator of fluidity and restriction.
  2. The spontaneous movement or twitching anywhere in the client’s body (local or full body movement).
A
  1. Myofascial REBOUNDING

2. Myofascial unwinding

51
Q

T or F

  1. ARNDT-SCHULTZ LAW states that weak stimuli increase physiological activity and very strong stimuli inhibit or abolish activity, shows that essentially less is more.
  2. VIOLET FLARE indicates areas that should be
    subsequently treated to maximize the results of the therapy.
A
  1. T

2. F; violet flare → red flare

52
Q
  1. The most important, fundamental and commonly used techniques in the MFR approach and form the basis of every other MFR technique.
  2. Removes restrictions that may be causing the rotating, torquing and shifting of balancing and supporting structures.
  3. A method of holding the tissue at its tissue barrier, waiting for the tissue release to occur, then taking up the available slack in the tissue and leaning in or pushing or gliding the tissue to the next tissue barrier.
A
  1. Cross-hand release
  2. LONGITUDINAL PLANE RELEASE
  3. COMPRESSION RELEASE

PT 111 (3 decks)

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