Massage 1 Final Flashcards
Adhesions in superficial tissues and changes in texture are best felt by the ______________
Fingertips
Restrictions or pulling of tissues over larger areas are best felt by _____________
Finger joints
Subcategories of touch and gliding (4)
- Superficial
- Deep
- Ethereal/Aura Stroking
- Feather stroking/hypnotic/nerve stroking
Physiological effects of centripetal gliding
Enhances venous blood flow and lymph flow
Physiological effects of centrifugal gliding
Relaxation (done lightly)
Massage directions (2)
- Centripetal – towards the heart / towards the center
2. Centrifugal - Away from the heart / away from center
Contraindications of touch and gliding
- ** General***
1. Kidney stones
2. Illness (Flu)
3. Food poisoning
4. Systemic infection
5. Heavy drinking - ** Localized ***
1. Contagious skin disorder
2. Open wound
3. Unhealed surgical site
4. Acute soft tissue injury
Is massage contraindicated in cases of inflammation?
Only if the inflammation is localized
Indications/therapeutic applications of touch and gliding?
- Skin conditions when circulation is compromised
- Edema
- Scleroderma
- Reynauds
- Ischemic pain
- Anxiety/stress
- Insomnia
- Hypertension (NOT abdominal)
Physiological effects of gliding
Superficial gliding – relaxation, tension, nervous headaches, insomnia.
Deep gliding – stretch and broaden underlying fascia and muscle, increase blood and lymph flow, relaxation of underlying tissues.
Physiological effects of touch
Superficial touch – lower blood pressure, calm anxiety, assessment
Deep touch – muscle spasms, trigger point pain, tendon stress points
Peter Ling
- Swedish physiologist and fencer
- Father of PT and medical gymnastics
(active, passive, and duplicated movements) - Developed Swedish massage
- Established the Royal Swedish Central Institute for Gymnastics
Douglas Graham, M.D.
- First use of the word “massage” in the US when he published articles using Mezger’s terminology
- Father of Swedish massage in the US
- Founding member of the American Physical Education Association
Johann Mezger
- Dutch man credited with modern medical terminology (French terminology of effleurage, etc.)
- Established the art and practice of massage as a scientific study for physicians
- Founder of scientific massage and early physical therapy techniques
John H. Kellogg, M.D.
- Wrote “The Art of Massage”
- Used massage at the Battle Creek Sanitarium
- Proponent of massage in medical settings
- Had many food and machine patents
SCM in relation to carotid
SCM is posterior to the carotid artery
OR
Carotid is anterior to the SCM
Biceps Brachii
- Flexes the elbow
- Supinates the forearm
- Flexes the shoulder
Origin:
Short head – coracoid process of the scapula
Long head – supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
Eczema
Inflammatory
d - Not contagious. Common inflammatory condition related to stress, anxiety, hear, and humidity
e - No known cause, may be related to hypersensitivity, may be dietary
s - dry, scaly, leathery, or crusty skin. May be lighter or darker than the skin. Lesions may ooze clear fluid or bleed.
Massage: can be performed. Use highly emollient lubricant.
Viral conditions include
- Herpes simplex (cold sore)
- Chicken pox
- Shingles
- Wart
Pathology
Study of disease
Fungal conditions include
- Ringworm
- Athlete’s foot
- Nail fungus
Shingles (herpes zoster)
VIRUS
d - Acute, localized viral infection (post chicken pox, 1 in 10). 20% have postherpetic neuralgia
e - reactivation of VZV
s - tingling, prickle, numbness, blisters in bandlike pattern, chills, fever, abdominal cramping
Massase: Postpose until healing (after healing, avoid area)
Nail fungus (Tinea unguium onychomycosis)
FUNGAL
d - Nail fungus that causes infection
e - fungi called dermatophytes, yeast, mold, weak immune system, poor circulation, diabetes
s - nail turns yellow or white, then becomes elevated as infection is established. Thick, brittle, cracking nails.
Massage: Avoid affected areas
Fungal (notes)
- Only a few are pathogenic
- Prefer warm, moist environment
- Opportunistic infections
Remission
Clinical manifestations diminish or disappear
Exacerbation
Clinical manifestations become worse or more severe
Ringworm (tinea corporis)
FUNGAL
d - fungal infection transmitted by direct contact with infected skin or infected domestic animals
e - caused by fungi species dermatophytes
s - red, raised, round/oval scaling. May itch, burn, ooze.
MASSAGE: If widespread, POSTPONE. If localized, avoid affected area.
Dermatome
Cutaneous area innervated by a spinal nerve
Scleroderma
Inflammatory
d - sclerosis of the skin - overproduction of collagen. Fibrosis may be localized and superficial or deep and systemic.
e - unknown, but the immune response may play a part
s - Skin appears hard and shiny, stretched across bones. Tight skin. Hands may be red and swollen. Weakness and fatigue are present as it progresses.
MASSAGE: CAN and should be performed. Restrict to 30 minutes if the person is fatigued.
7 types of disease
- Viral
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- Localized
- Systemic
- Acute
- Chronic
Virus (definition)
Non-living entity. Depends on a host cell
Herpes Simplex (cold sore)
VIRUS
d - Recurrent viral infection. Skin and mucous membranes.
e - Herpes simplex I - most common (lip)
s - Tingly or burning sensation; painful, fluid-filled vesicles.
*MASSAGE: Avoid affected area. Sanitize face rest.
Host defenses
Can be:
Non-specific - Barriers (intact skin, etc), chemicals (digestive, enzymes, etc.), or reflexes (cough, sneeze, etc)
Specific - Immune responses to the pathogen
Cellulitis
BACTERIAL
d - Infection of the skin (usually subcutaneous). Can spread to the bloodstream (bacteremia)
e - Most common causes are streptococcus and staphylococcus. Also can be MRSA risk. Cancer treatments
s - Swelling, redness, abscess, warm, tender. Proximal to infection site or along lymphatic vessels. Red lines/streaks.
MASSAGE: If widespread, POSTPONE. If localized, avoid the area.
Complications
Conditions that arise after the onset of the original disease
Reservoir
Source of infection
Bacteria (definition)
Single-celled organisms, non-pathogenic, do not require living tissue
Varicella (chicken pox)
VIRUS
d - Acute viral infection common in children and young adults - highly contagious
e - Caused by varicella-zoster virus (herpes virus group)
s - Headaches, loss of appetite, mild fever, rash (fluid-filled blisters)
MASSAGE: POSTPONE!
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Caused by antibiotic resistant staph infection. Spread by direct infection.
SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION
Malignant Melanoma
d - develops from melanocytes located in basal layer, or from benign melanocytic moles (nevi). Responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Grows quickly, metastasizes.
s - Newly pigmented skin or mole. Changes in moles.
MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days
Chain of infection
1 - Pathogen
- Reservoir
- Portal of entry
- Transmission
- Portal of exit
Basal cell carcinoma
d - Arises in basal (deepest) layer of skin. Most common (75%) form of skin cancer. Least dangerous. Grows slowly, doesn’t spread easily. Recurs if incompletely excises. 70% on face.
s - Elevated, firm nodule, pearly ivory with central depression. May later ulcerate, ooze, and bleed.
MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days
Bacterial conditions include
Folliculitis
Boil
Cellulitis
MRSA
Fomite
Inanimate object
Folliculitis
BACTERIAL
d - inflammation of hair follicles
e - follicular invasion by staphylococci, yeasts, or fungi. Irritation, moisture, skin conditions (lupus)
s - Pustular rash, redness - may resemble acne
MASSAGE: Avoid affected area
Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis)
FUNGAL
d - fungal infection of the foot. Often the sole and toes
e - fungi called dermatophytes. Like heat and moisture.
s - Itchy, scaling, burning sensation. Redness, flaking, cracking, oozing, bleeding.
MASSAGE: Avoid infected areas. SANITIZE LINENS.
Wart (verruca)
VIRUS
d - rough, raised mass. Viral induced cell growth (often on hands, feet, face, legs, genitals)
e - caused by strains of HPV
s - Rough, raised, lighter or darker than skin. Small, clotted vessels.
MASSAGE: Avoid infected area. SANITIZE
Hives (urticaria)
VIRUS
d - inflammatory skin disorder usually associated with allergies. Mostly acute, under 24 hours, lesions can appear anywhere
e - Most often caused by allergies, food, insect bites/stings, medications. Other causes - cold temperatures; stress
s - Sever itching, raised red welts (wheals), redness (red flare), angioedema in 40% of cases
MASSAGE: Postpone in acute cases. If chronic, avoid the affected areas.
Etiology
Causative factors or origins of disease
Disease Transmission
- Contact - Direct (physical contact) or Indirect (fomite or droplet)
- Vehicle Transmission - Foodborne, Waterborne, Airborne
- Vector Transmission - Usually animal or insect
Cautionary Sites
Massaged vigorously or prolonged can have a negative impact on the client
Boil (Furuncle)
BACTERIAL
d - deeply infected hair follicles. Occur often on face, neck, back, gluteus, and thighs. Carbuncle = several openings.
e - Staphylococcal bacteria (may also be fungal or staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
s - painful, tender, red - forms fluid filled abscess.
MASSAGE: Avoid infected area (will increase inflammation)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
d - arises in skin’s outer epithelial layer - More aggressive than BCC, but grows slowly. Rarely metastasizes to distant sites. Can arise in mouth/gums or from actinic keratosis scars.
s - Scaly, slightly elevated, pigmented area with irregular borders. Develops ulcerated center. Mouth - ulcerated sore or white patch.
MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days
Swedish Massage
Based on Western Concepts of A&P
Traditional/Manipulative techniques (effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, tapotement)
Combined use of joint mobilization and stretches to help clients restore and maintain paint management.
