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Massage 1 > Massage 1 Final > Flashcards

Massage 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesions in superficial tissues and changes in texture are best felt by the ______________

A

Fingertips

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2
Q

Restrictions or pulling of tissues over larger areas are best felt by _____________

A

Finger joints

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3
Q

Subcategories of touch and gliding (4)

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Deep
  3. Ethereal/Aura Stroking
  4. Feather stroking/hypnotic/nerve stroking
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4
Q

Physiological effects of centripetal gliding

A

Enhances venous blood flow and lymph flow

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5
Q

Physiological effects of centrifugal gliding

A

Relaxation (done lightly)

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6
Q

Massage directions (2)

A
  1. Centripetal – towards the heart / towards the center

2. Centrifugal - Away from the heart / away from center

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7
Q

Contraindications of touch and gliding

A
  • ** General***
    1. Kidney stones
    2. Illness (Flu)
    3. Food poisoning
    4. Systemic infection
    5. Heavy drinking
  • ** Localized ***
    1. Contagious skin disorder
    2. Open wound
    3. Unhealed surgical site
    4. Acute soft tissue injury
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8
Q

Is massage contraindicated in cases of inflammation?

A

Only if the inflammation is localized

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9
Q

Indications/therapeutic applications of touch and gliding?

A
  1. Skin conditions when circulation is compromised
  2. Edema
  3. Scleroderma
  4. Reynauds
  5. Ischemic pain
  6. Anxiety/stress
  7. Insomnia
  8. Hypertension (NOT abdominal)
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10
Q

Physiological effects of gliding

A

Superficial gliding – relaxation, tension, nervous headaches, insomnia.

Deep gliding – stretch and broaden underlying fascia and muscle, increase blood and lymph flow, relaxation of underlying tissues.

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11
Q

Physiological effects of touch

A

Superficial touch – lower blood pressure, calm anxiety, assessment

Deep touch – muscle spasms, trigger point pain, tendon stress points

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12
Q

Peter Ling

A
  • Swedish physiologist and fencer
  • Father of PT and medical gymnastics
    (active, passive, and duplicated movements)
  • Developed Swedish massage
  • Established the Royal Swedish Central Institute for Gymnastics
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13
Q

Douglas Graham, M.D.

A
  • First use of the word “massage” in the US when he published articles using Mezger’s terminology
  • Father of Swedish massage in the US
  • Founding member of the American Physical Education Association
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14
Q

Johann Mezger

A
  • Dutch man credited with modern medical terminology (French terminology of effleurage, etc.)
  • Established the art and practice of massage as a scientific study for physicians
  • Founder of scientific massage and early physical therapy techniques
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15
Q

John H. Kellogg, M.D.

A
  • Wrote “The Art of Massage”
  • Used massage at the Battle Creek Sanitarium
  • Proponent of massage in medical settings
  • Had many food and machine patents
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16
Q

SCM in relation to carotid

A

SCM is posterior to the carotid artery

OR

Carotid is anterior to the SCM

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17
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • Flexes the elbow
  • Supinates the forearm
  • Flexes the shoulder

Origin:
Short head – coracoid process of the scapula
Long head – supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

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18
Q

Eczema

A

Inflammatory

d - Not contagious. Common inflammatory condition related to stress, anxiety, hear, and humidity

e - No known cause, may be related to hypersensitivity, may be dietary

s - dry, scaly, leathery, or crusty skin. May be lighter or darker than the skin. Lesions may ooze clear fluid or bleed.

Massage: can be performed. Use highly emollient lubricant.

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19
Q

Viral conditions include

A
  • Herpes simplex (cold sore)
  • Chicken pox
  • Shingles
  • Wart
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20
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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21
Q

Fungal conditions include

A
  • Ringworm
  • Athlete’s foot
  • Nail fungus
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22
Q

Shingles (herpes zoster)

A

VIRUS

d - Acute, localized viral infection (post chicken pox, 1 in 10). 20% have postherpetic neuralgia

e - reactivation of VZV

s - tingling, prickle, numbness, blisters in bandlike pattern, chills, fever, abdominal cramping

Massase: Postpose until healing (after healing, avoid area)

23
Q

Nail fungus (Tinea unguium onychomycosis)

A

FUNGAL

d - Nail fungus that causes infection

e - fungi called dermatophytes, yeast, mold, weak immune system, poor circulation, diabetes

s - nail turns yellow or white, then becomes elevated as infection is established. Thick, brittle, cracking nails.

Massage: Avoid affected areas

24
Q

Fungal (notes)

A
  • Only a few are pathogenic
  • Prefer warm, moist environment
  • Opportunistic infections
25
Q

Remission

A

Clinical manifestations diminish or disappear

26
Q

Exacerbation

A

Clinical manifestations become worse or more severe

27
Q

Ringworm (tinea corporis)

A

FUNGAL

d - fungal infection transmitted by direct contact with infected skin or infected domestic animals

e - caused by fungi species dermatophytes

s - red, raised, round/oval scaling. May itch, burn, ooze.

MASSAGE: If widespread, POSTPONE. If localized, avoid affected area.

28
Q

Dermatome

A

Cutaneous area innervated by a spinal nerve

29
Q

Scleroderma

A

Inflammatory

d - sclerosis of the skin - overproduction of collagen. Fibrosis may be localized and superficial or deep and systemic.

e - unknown, but the immune response may play a part

s - Skin appears hard and shiny, stretched across bones. Tight skin. Hands may be red and swollen. Weakness and fatigue are present as it progresses.

MASSAGE: CAN and should be performed. Restrict to 30 minutes if the person is fatigued.

30
Q

7 types of disease

A
  1. Viral
  2. Bacterial
  3. Fungal
  4. Localized
  5. Systemic
  6. Acute
  7. Chronic
31
Q

Virus (definition)

A

Non-living entity. Depends on a host cell

32
Q

Herpes Simplex (cold sore)

A

VIRUS

d - Recurrent viral infection. Skin and mucous membranes.

e - Herpes simplex I - most common (lip)

s - Tingly or burning sensation; painful, fluid-filled vesicles.

*MASSAGE: Avoid affected area. Sanitize face rest.

33
Q

Host defenses

A

Can be:

Non-specific - Barriers (intact skin, etc), chemicals (digestive, enzymes, etc.), or reflexes (cough, sneeze, etc)

Specific - Immune responses to the pathogen

34
Q

Cellulitis

A

BACTERIAL

d - Infection of the skin (usually subcutaneous). Can spread to the bloodstream (bacteremia)

e - Most common causes are streptococcus and staphylococcus. Also can be MRSA risk. Cancer treatments

s - Swelling, redness, abscess, warm, tender. Proximal to infection site or along lymphatic vessels. Red lines/streaks.

MASSAGE: If widespread, POSTPONE. If localized, avoid the area.

35
Q

Complications

A

Conditions that arise after the onset of the original disease

36
Q

Reservoir

A

Source of infection

37
Q

Bacteria (definition)

A

Single-celled organisms, non-pathogenic, do not require living tissue

38
Q

Varicella (chicken pox)

A

VIRUS

d - Acute viral infection common in children and young adults - highly contagious

e - Caused by varicella-zoster virus (herpes virus group)

s - Headaches, loss of appetite, mild fever, rash (fluid-filled blisters)

MASSAGE: POSTPONE!

39
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Caused by antibiotic resistant staph infection. Spread by direct infection.

SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

40
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

d - develops from melanocytes located in basal layer, or from benign melanocytic moles (nevi). Responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Grows quickly, metastasizes.

s - Newly pigmented skin or mole. Changes in moles.

MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days

41
Q

Chain of infection

A

1 - Pathogen

  1. Reservoir
  2. Portal of entry
  3. Transmission
  4. Portal of exit
42
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

d - Arises in basal (deepest) layer of skin. Most common (75%) form of skin cancer. Least dangerous. Grows slowly, doesn’t spread easily. Recurs if incompletely excises. 70% on face.

s - Elevated, firm nodule, pearly ivory with central depression. May later ulcerate, ooze, and bleed.

MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days

43
Q

Bacterial conditions include

A

Folliculitis
Boil
Cellulitis
MRSA

44
Q

Fomite

A

Inanimate object

45
Q

Folliculitis

A

BACTERIAL

d - inflammation of hair follicles

e - follicular invasion by staphylococci, yeasts, or fungi. Irritation, moisture, skin conditions (lupus)

s - Pustular rash, redness - may resemble acne

MASSAGE: Avoid affected area

46
Q

Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis)

A

FUNGAL

d - fungal infection of the foot. Often the sole and toes

e - fungi called dermatophytes. Like heat and moisture.

s - Itchy, scaling, burning sensation. Redness, flaking, cracking, oozing, bleeding.

MASSAGE: Avoid infected areas. SANITIZE LINENS.

47
Q

Wart (verruca)

A

VIRUS

d - rough, raised mass. Viral induced cell growth (often on hands, feet, face, legs, genitals)

e - caused by strains of HPV

s - Rough, raised, lighter or darker than skin. Small, clotted vessels.

MASSAGE: Avoid infected area. SANITIZE

48
Q

Hives (urticaria)

A

VIRUS

d - inflammatory skin disorder usually associated with allergies. Mostly acute, under 24 hours, lesions can appear anywhere

e - Most often caused by allergies, food, insect bites/stings, medications. Other causes - cold temperatures; stress

s - Sever itching, raised red welts (wheals), redness (red flare), angioedema in 40% of cases

MASSAGE: Postpone in acute cases. If chronic, avoid the affected areas.

49
Q

Etiology

A

Causative factors or origins of disease

50
Q

Disease Transmission

A
  • Contact - Direct (physical contact) or Indirect (fomite or droplet)
  • Vehicle Transmission - Foodborne, Waterborne, Airborne
  • Vector Transmission - Usually animal or insect
51
Q

Cautionary Sites

A

Massaged vigorously or prolonged can have a negative impact on the client

52
Q

Boil (Furuncle)

A

BACTERIAL

d - deeply infected hair follicles. Occur often on face, neck, back, gluteus, and thighs. Carbuncle = several openings.

e - Staphylococcal bacteria (may also be fungal or staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

s - painful, tender, red - forms fluid filled abscess.

MASSAGE: Avoid infected area (will increase inflammation)

53
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

d - arises in skin’s outer epithelial layer - More aggressive than BCC, but grows slowly. Rarely metastasizes to distant sites. Can arise in mouth/gums or from actinic keratosis scars.

s - Scaly, slightly elevated, pigmented area with irregular borders. Develops ulcerated center. Mouth - ulcerated sore or white patch.

MASSAGE: Ask about current signs/symptoms/treatments.
AVOID AREAS
No lower extremities massaged for 10 days after surgery /10 ambulatory days

54
Q

Swedish Massage

A

Based on Western Concepts of A&P

Traditional/Manipulative techniques (effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, tapotement)

Combined use of joint mobilization and stretches to help clients restore and maintain paint management.

Massage 1 (1 decks)

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