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A Level AQA Biology > Mass Transport: The Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Mass Transport: The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. What does this do?

A

This causes the atrioventricular valves to open

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2
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. What does this cause?

A

This causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, and the blood volume in the ventricles to increase. This causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles

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3
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles. What happens next?

A

Then the ventricles contract. Because the pressure is higher in the ventricles than the atria, the atrioventricular valves close.

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4
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles.
Then the ventricles contract and the atria relax. Because the pressure is now higher in the ventricles than in the atria, the AV valves close. The pressure in the ventricles is also higher than the the pressure in the arteries. What does this cause?

A

This causes the semi lunar valves to open, and blood now flows into the arteries.

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5
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles.
Then the ventricles contract and the atria relax. Because the pressure is now higher in the ventricles than in the atria, the AV valves close. The pressure in the ventricles is also higher than the the pressure in the arteries. This causes the semi lunar valves to open, and blood flows into the arteries. What happens next?

A

Next, the atria and the ventricles relax.

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6
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles.
Then the ventricles contract and the atria relax. Because the pressure is now higher in the ventricles than in the atria, the AV valves close. The pressure in the ventricles is also higher than the the pressure in the arteries. This causes the semi lunar valves to open, and blood flows into the arteries.
Now both the atria and the ventricles relax. The pressure in the arteries is now higher than the pressure in the ventricles. This causes what?

A

This causes the semi lunar valves to close.

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7
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles.
Then the ventricles contract and the atria relax. Because the pressure is now higher in the ventricles than in the atria, the AV valves close. The pressure in the ventricles is also higher than the the pressure in the arteries. This causes the semi lunar valves to open, and blood flows into the arteries.
Now both the atria and the ventricles relax. The pressure in the arteries is now higher than the pressure in the ventricles. This causes the semi lunar valves to close. Next, blood fills the atria. What does this cause?

A

This causes an increase in blood volume inside the atria, as well as a slight increase in pressure.

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8
Q

The cardiac cycle starts when the ventricles relax and the atria contract. This causes the atrioventricular valves to open. This then causes the blood volume in the atria to decrease, while the blood volume in the ventricles increases. This also causes a slight increase in pressure in the ventricles.
Then the ventricles contract and the atria relax. Because the pressure is now higher in the ventricles than in the atria, the AV valves close. The pressure in the ventricles is also higher than the the pressure in the arteries. This causes the semi lunar valves to open, and blood flows into the arteries.
Now both the atria and the ventricles relax. The pressure in the arteries is now higher than the pressure in the ventricles. This causes the semi lunar valves to close. Next, blood fills the atria. This causes an increase in a blood volume and a slight increase in pressure. What is this movement of blood called?

A

This movement of blood, at this specific moment, is passive.

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9
Q

What is this stage, I.e the relexation of the atria and ventricles, called?

A

This stage of the cardiac cycle is known as the diastole

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10
Q

What are the contractions of either the ventricles or the atria, known as?

A

The contractions of either the atria or the ventricles are known as the sytstoles

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11
Q

Animals have a high oxygen and glucose demand. This is why respiring cells have a high..?

A

This is why respiring cells have a high surface area to volume ratio

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12
Q

Animals have a high oxygen and glucose demand. This is why respiring cells have a high surface area to volume ratio. This is also why the circulatory system is essential, as it transports…

A

The circulatory system is essential as it transports:
Oxygen
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Hormones
And animo acids
to these respiting cells

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13
Q

Animals have a high oxygen and glucose demand. This is why respiring cells have a high surface area to volume ratio. This is also why the circulatory system is essential, as it transports oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, and amino acids to cells, thus sustaining life. The heart also has tendons which attach…

A

The heart has tendons which attach the valves to the ventricles, preventing the back flow of blood.

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14
Q

Animals have a high oxygen and glucose demand. This is why respiring cells have a high surface area to volume ratio. This is also why the circulatory system is essential, as it transports oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, and amino acids to cells, thus sustaining life. The heart also has tendons which attach the valves to the ventricles, preventing the back flow of blood. The left side of the heart also pumps blood at a…

A

The left side of the heart also pumps blood at a higher pressure than the right side.

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15
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have…

A

Arteries have a narrow lumen.

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16
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to…

A

Arteries have thick muscular walls, which help them to maintain high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body.

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17
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also…

A

These thick walls are also elastic, which allow the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the pressure.

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18
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a…

A

Veins have a large lumen.

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19
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a large lumen, allowing them to…

A

Allowing them to maximise blood flow.

20
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a large lumen, allowing them to maximise blood flow. This is also helped by…

A

This is also helped by the inner layer of the vein, which is smooth to reduce friction between the blood and the walls.

21
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a large lumen, allowing them to maximise blood flow. This is also helped by the inner layer of the vein, which is smooth to reduce friction. Like the arteries, the vein walls are also…

A

The vein walls are also elastic.

22
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a large lumen, allowing them to maximise blood flow. This is also helped by the inner layer of the vein, which is smooth to reduce friction. Like the arteries, the vein walls are also elastic. These thin elastic walls can be…

A

These thin elastic walls can be squeezed by surrounding tissue, which also maximises blood flow.

23
Q

Arteries, veins and capillaries differ in structure. Arteries have a narrow lumen, as well as thick muscular walls which help to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body. These thick walls are also elastic, which help the artery walls to stretch and recoil in order to maintain the high pressures.
On the other hand, veins have a large lumen, allowing them to maximise blood flow. This is also helped by the inner layer of the vein, which is smooth to reduce friction. Like the arteries, the vein walls are also elastic. These thin elastic walls can be squeezed by surrounding tissues, which also maximises blood flow. The transport of blood in both arteries and veins is…

A

The transport of blood in both arteries and veins is ✨unidirectional✨

24
Q

Capillaries have a…

A

Capillaries have a small lumen

25
Q

Capillaries have a small lumen. So small that only one blood cell at a time can pass through. Capillaries also have an extremely small…

A

Capillaries also have an extremely small capillary wall.

26
Q

Capillaries have a small lumen. So small that only one blood cell at a time can pass through. Capillaries also have an extremely small cell wall. This ensures that there is a…

A

Short diffusion pathway, increasing the rate of gas exchange.

27
Q

The coronary arteries deliver…

A

The coronary arteries deliver blood to respiring heart muscle.

28
Q

The coronary arteries deliver oxygen to respiring heart muscle. This allows the muscle to…

A

This allows the muscle to respire and produce the ATP needed to contract

29
Q

Which blood vessels transport the greater volume of blood?

A

Arteries transport the greater amount of blood. This is partly the reason why the blood flowing through the arteries has a higher pressure.

30
Q

What is that chunky blue vessel on the top left hand side of the heart called? —>🫀

A

The vena cava

31
Q

What is the chunky red vessel at the top of the heart called? —->🫀

A

The aorta

32
Q

What is the blue vessel near the right hand side of the heart called?—>🫀

A

The pulmonary artery

33
Q

Lastly, what is the vessel on the right hand side of the heart called?——->🫀

A

The pulmonary vein

34
Q

What is the vessel transporting blood to the kidney called?

A

The renal artery

35
Q

What is the vessel transporting blood away from the kidneys called?

A

The renal vein

36
Q

Where does the renal vein transport blood to?

A

The inferior vena cava of the heart

37
Q

What is the name of the vessel which carries blood away from the gut?

A

The hepatic portal vein

38
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood to?

A

The liver

39
Q

What is the name of the vessel which carries blood from the heart, to the liver?

A

The hepatic artery

40
Q

What is the name of the vessel which transports blood away from the liver?

A

The hepatic vein

41
Q

Where does the hepatic vein carry blood to?

A

The inferior vena cava of the heart

42
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood to and from the lungs?

A

The right

43
Q

Which heart vessel pumps blood to the lungs?

A

The pulmonary artery

44
Q

Which heart vessel brings oxygenated blood back to the heart?

A

The pulmonary vein

45
Q

Which heart vessel pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

The aorta

46
Q

Which heart vessel pumps blood from the rest of the body to the heart?

A

The vena cava

A Level AQA Biology (5 decks)

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