Mass transport in animals - Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of circulatory system do mammals have?

A

Closed double circulatory system - blood passes through heart twice for every circuit around body.

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2
Q

Describe the general pattern of blood circulation in a mammal.

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood in right side of heart pumped to lungs ; oxygenated returns to left side.
  2. Oxygenated blood in left side of the heart is pumped to the rest of the body ; deoxygenated returns to the right.
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3
Q

Suggest the importance of a double circulatory system

A

Prevents mixing of oxygenated / deoxygenated blood
- so blood pumped to body is fully saturated with oxygen for aerobic respiration.
Blood can be pumped to body at a higher pressure ( after being lower from lungs )
- Substances taken to / removed from body cells quicker / more efficiently.

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4
Q

What are the 4 blood vessels that enter and leave the heart and lungs.

A

Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary vein.

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5
Q

Function of vena cava ?

A

Transports deoxygenated blood from respiration body tissue —> heart.

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6
Q

Function of pulmonary artery ?

A

transports deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs

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7
Q

Function of pulmonary vein ?

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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8
Q

Function of aorta?

A

Transports oxygenated blood from heart into respiring tissues.

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9
Q

Name the blood vessels entering and leaving the kidney.

A

Renal arteries, Renal veins.

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10
Q

Function of renal arteries ?

A

Oxygenated blood into kidneys.

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11
Q

Function of renal veins ?

A

Deoxygenated blood to vena cava from kidneys.

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12
Q

Name the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

A

Coronary arteries - located on surface area of the heart, branching from aorta.

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13
Q

Suggest why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right.

A
  • Thicker muscle to contract with greater force
  • To generate higher pressure to pump blood around entire body.
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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle.

A

Atrial systole, Ventricular systole, Diastole.

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15
Q

Describe the stage of the atrial systole.

A

Atria contract - volume decreases, pressure increases.
- The atrioventricular valves open when pressure in atria exceeds pressure in ventricles..
- Semilunar valves remain shut as pressure in arteries exceeds pressure in ventricles.
- So blood is pushed into ventricles.

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16
Q

Describe the stage of ventricular systole?

A

Ventricles contract - volume decreases, pressure increases.
- Atrioventricular valves shut when pressure in ventricles exceeds pressure in atria .
- Semilunar valves open when pressure in ventricles exceeds pressure in arteries.
- So blood pushed out of heart through arteries

17
Q

Describe the stage of diastole ?

A

Atria and ventricles relax - volume increases and pressure decreases.
- Semilunar valves shut when pressure in arteries exceeds pressure in ventricles.
- Atrioventricular valves open when pressure in atria exceeds pressure in the ventricles.
So blood fills atria via veins and flows passively to ventricles.

18
Q
A